Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom based on Tactical Role-playing

Game

Mohammad Fadly Syahputra, Muhammad Kurniawan Widhianto and Romi Fadillah Rahmat

Department Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology,

University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords:

Cut-out Animation, History, Majapahit, Role-playing Game, Tactical Role-playing Game, Turn based

Strategy, Video Game.

Abstract:

Majapahit was a kingdom centered in East Java, which once stood around year 1293 to 1500 C. Majapahit

kingdom was the last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that controlled Nusantara and is regarded as one of the greatest

kingdom in Indonesia. The lack of modern entertainment content about the history of Majapahit kingdom

made historical subject become less attractive. Therefore, we need a modern entertainment as one option to

learn about the fascinating history of the kingdom of Majapahit. In this study the authors designed a video

game about history of Majapahit kingdom with the genre of tactical role-playing game. Tactical role-playing

game is a sub genre of role playing game by using system of turn-based strategy in every battle. In tactical

role-playing game, players will take turns with the opponent and can only take action in their turn and each

character will have an attribute and level as in role-playing game video game. This study used the A* algorithm

to determine the movement direction of the unit and cut-out techniques in the making of animation. This study

demonstrated that video games can be used as a media to learn about history.

1 INTRODUCTION

Majapahit was a kingdom centered in East Java,

which once stood around year 1293 to 1500 C. Ma-

japahit kingdom was the last Hindu-Buddhist king-

dom that controlled Nusantara and is regarded as one

of the greatest kingdom in Indonesia. According to

the Negarakertagama book Majapahit powers lied in

Java, Sumatra, Malay Peninsuila, Kalimantan, and

east Indonesia, though the territory is still debated by

historians. The history of Majapahit has been learned

in school and can be easily found in the elementary

and junior high textbook.

These days, teens and youth are more familiar

with foreign legends and histories. Film such as Dis-

ney’s Hercules, Samurai Jack, Clash of the Titans, and

video games such as God of War and Age of Mythol-

ogy introduce legends, history and foreign content

into a global content that attract teenagers to play.

This could be happened because the content packag-

ing is considered as modern, attractive and appropri-

ate for the target age (Sukarno and Setiawan, 2014).

Game is one of the many ways for someone to

look for entertainment, because it has a high attrac-

tion, fun and almost everyone likes game. Game is not

only used as an entertainment, but also can be used as

a story telling, and sometimes game also can be mixed

with educational elements to train someone.

Along with the development of technology, game

also change. The traditional games that once played

directly now has been turned into modern games.

These modern games are generally in digital form, or

known as Video Game.

Video game has a lot of genres, one of the genre

is tactical role-playing game. Tactical role-playing

game is a sub genre of role-playing game by using

system of turn-based strategy in every battle. In this

study the authors designed a video game about history

of Majapahit kingdom with the genre of tactical role-

playing game. Section II will describe the problem

identiﬁcation in this study. Section III will describe

some previous studies that have been done to make

a video game. Section IV will describe the proposed

method. The results of the study are discussed in Sec-

tion V. Section VI contains summary of the research,

and also the suggestions for any future research.

Syahputra M., Widhianto M. and Rahmat R.

Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom based on Tactical Role-playing Game.

DOI: 10.5220/0006283303270332

In Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP 2017), pages 327-332

ISBN: 978-989-758-224-0

327

2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Majapahit is one of the largest kingdoms in Indonesia.

History of Majapahit has been studied since elemen-

tary and junior high school, but the lack of modern

entertainment based from Majapahit kingdom made

it become less attractive. Therefore, we need a mod-

ern entertainment such as video games as one of the

options for learning about the history of Majapahit

Kingdom.

3 PREVIOUS RESEARCH

Several studies have been done to make a tactical role-

playing video game. One of them is The Making of

Video Game Tactical RPG Legend of Fantasia. In this

study, tactical role-playing game is made for PC plat-

form with some features such as choosing a profes-

sion and attributes to each character, strengthening the

weapon to improve the weapon’s status, and weapons

making (Christanto, 2014).

The Second study is The Making of Turn Based

Strategy Role-Playing Game Using Unity Game En-

gine. In this study the author made a turn based strat-

egy game using the Unity game engine (Sanjaya et al.,

2015).

The third study is Designing Illustrative Motion

Graphic About Majapahit for Teenagers. In this study

the author made a motion graphics to tell the history

of Majapahit kingdom (Sukarno and Setiawan, 2014).

4 METHODOLOGY

This study consists of several steps that begins with

collecting data about Majapahit kingdom, which will

be used as the text of the story. Next is collecting

assets that will be used in video games, the collec-

tion of assets is divided into three steps, ﬁrst search

for assets in the Unity Asset Store, then the character

design, and make the animation of the characters us-

ing the cut-out technique. Next is the programming

of video games in the Game Engine, the game engine

used is Unity 3D.

4.1 Story

In Majapahit video game, the story will be made

based on the book of Kitab Sejarah Terlengkap Ma-

japahit by Teguh Panji in 2015 (Muljana, 2005) and

Menuju Puncak Kemegahan; Sejarah Kerajaan Ma-

japahit by Slamet Muljana in 2011 (Panji, 2015). The

Figure 1: General Architecture.

story begins on the rebellion of Jayakatwang to Ker-

tanegara the king of Singasari kingdom, and the ﬁght

of Raden Wijaya in defeating Jayakatwang and form

a new empire called Majapahit.

4.2 Collecting Asset

Asset is a ﬁle that will be used in creating video game.

At this stage there is three steps which is character

design, character animation, and search on the unity

asset store. Unity asset store is an existing feature in

Unity 3D that contains a lot of assets both free and

paid.

4.2.1 Character Design

Here are the design of the main characters in Ma-

japahit video game.

1. Raden Wijaya

Raden Wijaya was the ﬁrst king of the Majapahit

kingdom and a nobleman from Singasari king-

dom. He has a clever brain.

Figure 2: Raden Wijaya Illustration.

2. Jayakatwang

Jayakatwang was a descendant of Kertajaya, who

was the last king of Kediri kingdom, and was a re-

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328

gent of Gelang Gelang. He is evil and has a clever

brain.

Figure 3: Jayakatwang Illustration.

3. Lembu Sora

Lembu Sora was the commander of Singasari

kingdom, and a loyal follower of Raden Wijaya.

He has a big body and an expert in sword play.

Figure 4: Lembu Sora Illustration.

4. Ranggalawe

Ranggalawe was the son of Arya Wiraraja and a

loyal follower of Raden Wijaya. He is brave and

dare to take a risk.

Figure 5: Ranggalawe Illustration.

4.2.2 Animation

The next step is making the character animation with

cut-out animation technique, which is cut the picture

into several pieces. All animations created by draw-

ing one by one using PaintTool SAI application and

then the images are driven by using Adobe After Ef-

fect application. For more details it can be seen in

Figure 6 and Figure 7.

4.3 Game Engine

This stage will be doing a programming system with

Unity 3D using C# language, to create the game sys-

tem. The game will be divided into several parts, such

as cut scene, battle, save and level up. The battle

part will be performed on tile, which is like the chess

(a) Background 1

(b) Background 2

Figure 6: Background Animation.

Figure 7: Character Animation.

board, where the player’s movement is not free and

limited and the player will be play alternately with

the opponent, until the battle is over. Each characters

have an action that can be performed in each turns,

the action include:

• Move, for moving the unit to the selected tile

which is still inside the movement range.

• Attack, for attacking the enemy unit which is still

inside the attack range.

• Power Attack, for attacking the enemy with dou-

ble damage unit by sacriﬁce 10% of health point.

• Defend, for defending and restore some health

point.

For each movement will use the A* algorithm to

determine the movement directions of the character in

order to get directions with the least movement cost.

Pseudocode for A* algorithm can be seen in Algo-

rithm 1.

Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom based on Tactical Role-playing Game

329

initialize the open list;

initialize the closed list;

put the starting node on the open list (you can leave

its f at zero);

while the open list is not empty do

ﬁnd the node with the least f on the open list, call

it ”q”;

pop q off the open list;

generate q’s 8 successors and set their parents

to q;

for each successor do

if successor is the goal, stop the search

successor.g = q.g + distance between

successor and q;

successor.h = distance from goal to

successor;

successor.f = successor.g + successor.h;

if a node with the same position as

successor is in the OPEN list

which has a lower f than successor,

skip this successor;

if a node with the same position as

successor is in the CLOSED list

which has a lower f than successor,

skip this successor;

otherwise, add the node to the open list

end

push q on the closed list

end

Algorithm 1: A* Algorithm Pseudocode (Eranki, 2002).

5 RESULTS

5.1 Main Menu Scene

Main menu scene is the ﬁrst scene appeared when the

application is run. In the main menu, there will be

4 buttons such as New Game for start a new game,

Load Game for load saved game, Credits to show the

credits name and Exit to close the application. The

main menu scene can be seen in Figure 8.

Figure 8: Main Menu Scene.

5.2 Dialogue Scene

Dialogue scene is used for story telling and to show

the story dialogues. The dialogue scene can be seen

in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Dialog Scene.

5.3 How to Play Scene

How to play scene interface is used to show the rules

and how to play the game. The ow to play scene can

be seen in Figure 10.

Figure 10: How to Play Scene.

5.4 Battle Scene

Battle scene is used for the video game battle and

there will be an interface to show the attribute and

action for each units. The battle scene can be seen in

Figure 11.

Figure 11: Battle Scene.

5.5 Save Menu

Save menu will be used for saving the video game

data and can be loaded from load game in the main

menu and battle scene. The save menu can be seen in

Figure 12.

Figure 12: Save Menu.

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330

5.6 Level Up Scene

Level up scene is used to show and increase the char-

acter’s attribute. The level up scene can be seen in

Figure 13.

Figure 13: Level Up Scene.

5.7 System Testing

System testing is done to test the components that

have been designed and implemented into the system.

This test aims to measure and determine whether any

of the components of the system are functioning prop-

erly in accordance to the design stage. The method

used to test the system is a black box method, testing

is done to test whether an interface display users can

run the game properly without seeing any coding. The

tests will be carried out in accordance with the testing

design shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1: System Testing Design.

No System Component Test Item

1 Main Menu

Button function test

2 Battle Menu Button function test

3 Level Up Menu Button function test

4 Save Menu Button function test

5 Battle Integration Battle system test

Table 2: Main Menu Test Result.

No Test

Target

Expected

Result

Test

Result

Status

1 Main

Test

Show

buttons

Show

buttons

Success

2 Difﬁculty

Test

Show

difﬁculty

buttons

Show

difﬁculty

buttons

Success

3 Load

Game

Test

Show

and load

game

from

save slot

Show

and load

game

from

save slot

Success

4 Test Re-

sult

Show

credits

scene

Show

credits

scene

Success

5 Status Exit

from ap-

plication

Exit

from ap-

plication

Success

Table 3: Battle Menu Test Result.

No Test

Target

Expected

Result

Test

Result

Status

1 Battle

Test

Show

buttons

Show

buttons

Success

2 Move

Button

Test

Show

moveable

tile and

move

unit to

selected

the tile

Show

moveable

tile and

move

unit to

selected

the tile

Success

3 Attack

Button

Test

Show

attack

range and

attack

selected

enemy

unit

Show

attack

range and

attack

selected

enemy

unit

Success

4 Defend

Button

Test

End unit

turn and

recover

10% unit

Health

Point

End unit

turn and

recover

10% unit

Health

Point

Success

5 End But-

ton Test

End unit

turn

End unit

turn

Success

Table 4: Level Up Menu Test Result.

No Test

Target

Expected

Result

Test

Result

Status

1 Level Up

Interface

Test

Show

buttons

Show

buttons

Success

2 ”+” But-

ton Test

Increase

the se-

lected

attribute

Increase

the se-

lected

attribute

Success

3 ”+” But-

ton Test

Decrease

the se-

lected

attribute

Decrease

the se-

lected

attribute

Success

4 ”>” But-

ton Test

Change

to the

character

Change

to the

character

Success

5 ”<” But-

ton Test

Change

to the

character

Change

to the

character

Success

6 Start But-

ton Test

Show

Scene

Show

Scene

Success

6 CONCLUSION

The conclusion obtained from study of video game

history of Majapahit kingdom based on tactical role-

Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom based on Tactical Role-playing Game

331

Table 5: Save Menu Test Result.

No Test

Target

Expected

Result

Test

Result

Status

1 Save

Interface

Test

Show

buttons

Show

buttons

Success

2 Data

Storage

Test

Save data

accord-

ing the

selected

save slot

Save data

accord-

ing the

selected

save slot

Success

Table 6: Battle Integration Test Result.

No Test

Target

Expected

Result

Test

Result

Status

1 Game

Over Test

Show

Game

Over

Scene

when all

player

units is

defeated

Show

Game

Over

Scene

when all

player

units is

defeated

Success

2 Change

Turn Test

Change

player

turn with

enemy

turn

Change

player

turn with

enemy

turn

Success

3 Destroy

Unit Test

Destroy

unit

when

it has 0

Health

Point

Destroy

unit

when

it has 0

Health

Point

Success

4 Enemy

Unit Test

Enemy

unit will

any

nearby

player

units

Enemy

unit will

any

nearby

player

units

Success

5 Damage

Test

Health

point will

decrease

accord-

ing the

attacker

damage

Health

point will

decrease

accord-

ing the

attacker

damage

Success

6 Next

Scene

Test

Change

into Next

Scene

when all

enemy

unit

defeated

Change

into Next

Scene

when all

enemy

unit

defeated

Success

playing game is that this video game can be used as

an alternative to teach history. Majapahit kingdom in-

formation resources are limited and have many ver-

sions, which make the characters and the story in

video game become less optimal. Making video game

requires a long process, so it should be done in a team

to reduce the necessary time and to get an optimal re-

sult.

The further research can be developed with the in-

creased variety and skill on a character attribute and

an addition of the story so the story can be ended at

the time of the fall of the Majapahit kingdom.

REFERENCES

Christanto, A. T. (2014). Pembuatan game tactical rpg leg-

end of fantasia. CALYPTRA: Jurnal Ilmiah Maha-

siswa Universitas Surabaya, 3(1).

Eranki, R. (2002). Path ﬁnding using a*(a-star). Searching

Using A*(A-Star). MIT.

Muljana, S. (2005). Menuju puncak kemegahan: sejarah

kerajaan Majapahit. PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara.

Panji, T. (2015). Kitab Sejarah Terlengkap Majapahit. Lak-

sana.

Sanjaya, A. L., Budhi, G. S., and Liliana, L. (2015). Pem-

buatan turn based strategy role playing game menggu-

nakan unity game engine. Jurnal Infra, 3(2):pp–395.

Sukarno, I. S. and Setiawan, P. (2014). Perancangan motion

graphic ilustratif mengenai majapahit untuk pemuda-

pemudi. Visual Communication Design, 3(1).

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332