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application and the data services do not reside in the
same provider. Several factors may conduct the split-
ting of services among different providers. Most of
times, dependency issues prevent the complete mi-
gration from one provider to the other, obliging com-
panies to integrate services hosted by different cloud
providers.
2 BACKGROUND
2.1 Cloud Databases
As several cloud database providers exist and this pre-
liminary work has no intention to perform a broad
comparison between these services, we decided to
concentrate in two relational database services: the
Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS), a pio-
neer service launched by Amazon in 2009, and Mor-
pheus, a recent database service offered by Morpheus
Data since 2014. Our primary criteria to choose these
services was related to their different launch dates,
which could be an indicator of maturity of the service.
Both services can be accessed through the JDBC
(Java Database Connectivity) service offered by GAS.
It is worth noting that Google also offers database
services, both relational (Cloud SQL) and NoSQL
(Bigtable and Datastore). However, as stated before,
our aim was to evaluate the performance of disjoint
services and using both cloud scripting and cloud
databases from Google would bias the results.
2.1.1 Amazon Web Services - Amazon RDS for
MySQL
Amazon Web Services is a cloud computing pioneer
offering a comprehensive set of global computing,
storage, database, analytics, application, and deploy-
ments services. As part of this suite, Amazon RDS
(Relational Database Service) is a service that facil-
itates the installation, operation and scheduling of
a MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server or Post-
greSQL database in the cloud. It provides scalable
capacity and manages database administration tasks.
In its free program, it offers 750 hours of database
micro-instances per month.
2.1.2 Morpheus Cloud Database
Morpheus is a PaaS that started its services in 2015,
offered by the Morpheus Data. Its flagship product
is an online database service that allows users to cre-
ate, deploy and host instances of four different types
of database classes through public, private and hy-
brid clouds. It offers high reliability and availability,
with each instance being deployed for free with a full
replica, and with automated daily backups. The four
database classes are:
• MongoDB for non-structured data and docu-
ments;
• MySQL for traditional RDBMS (Relational
Database Management System);
• Redis for in-memory data management;
• ElasticSearch for distributed search.
2.2 Cloud Scripting Languages
Cloud scripting is an approach to exploit cloud-based
services in a programmatic way. This can be used to
perform large scale distributed computations (Murray
and Hand, 2010; Dzik et al., 2013) or simply to coor-
dinate multiple services from cloud providers.
GAS is a prominent example of cloud scripting so-
lution. It comprises a JavaScript-based programming
language that allows you to build web applications
and integrate Google Apps and third-party services.
These scripts are written to an editor directly from the
browser and run on Google’s servers.
Google Apps Script is a relatively new technol-
ogy, launched in 2009. It is in constant development,
with new features and features being implemented
frequently. Table 1 summarizes the services acces-
sible through GAS to the present date. Some of them
are scheduled to be deprecated soon, as they are been
replaced. Note, in this table, the JDBC service, which
provides access to RDBMS through GAS.
Although GAS brings advantages such as porta-
bility, flexibility and unconcern of the developer in
configuring the environment, it brings with it a time
limitation that each script has to execute, which is cur-
rently set to six minutes (Google Inc., 2017b).
3 EXPERIMENTS
In order to carry out this work, the development was
divided in two stages: preparation of the environ-
ment (databases and connection with GAS) and cod-
ing of the test scripts in GAS with operations on the
databases.
3.1 Environment Setup
To start the work, we created free accounts in both
services (Amazon RDS and Morpheus). The config-
Performance Evaluation of Cloud-based RDBMS through a Cloud Scripting Language
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