Development of a Web Application for the Management of Reserves of

Sports Scenarios

Liliana Enciso

, Willian Borja

, Junior Vasquez

, Elmer Zelaya

and Pablo Quezada-Sarmiento

Departamento de Ciencias de la Computaci

on y Electr

onica,

Universidad T

ecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, 1101608, Loja, Equador

Sistemas Inform

aticos y Computaci

on, Universidad T

ecnica Particular de Loja,

San Cayetano Alto, 1101608, Loja, Equador

Inform

atica, Universidad T

ecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, 1101608, Loja, Equador

Keywords:

Client-Server, PHP, Apache, MySQL, REST, Scrum.

Abstract:

Actually, jobs schedules and personal occupations limit the free time that each person has; which consequently

restricts the activities that they can carry out throughout the day. In order to contribute to a decrease of

sedentary lifestyle, and to offer a mechanism that allows the reservation of sports spaces in an easy and fast

way, there was considered the development a web application that calculates the user’s location, a list of the

nearest available stadiums; saving time and money. For this, it has been considered to structure the application

under a client-server architecture, following the principles of a REST web service and methodology Scrum.

After the development of the application, we concluded that the HTTP protocol provides a quickly mechanism

for the exchange of information in a web environment; likewise, it was possible to determine that a client server

model is suitable for a web environment that has to ensure availability, security and performance.

1 INTRODUCTION

According to the United States Department of Health

and Human Services, physical activity is the move-

ment of the body that requires the work of different

muscles (NIH, 2014). Likewise, this institution say

that the main beneﬁts of regular physical practice, are:

strengthening of the heart and lungs, risk reduction of

coronary heart disease and heart attacks (NIH, 2015).

By June 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO)

reported that approximately 80% of the world’s ado-

lescent population does not maintain a correct phys-

ical activity level; because of the sedentarism, which

mentions that it is accentuated especially in urban ar-

eas, and proposes as main causes to the overpopula-

tion, the poverty and criminality increase, the trafﬁc

jam, the air quality, and the lack of sports facilities

(OMS, 2016).

Conscious of this growing reality, and in order to

increase the sport practice level, there was considered

the development of a mechanism that facilitates the

promotion, localization, reservation; as well as the

proper administration of sports spaces.

By 2015, the 32% of Ecuadorian households had

Internet access; an index that indicates a growth of

more than 10% since 2012; In the same way, this in-

stitution reported that the use of Internet within the

country has shown a remarkable growth, from a 17%

registered in 2012 to a 33% registered in 2015; an

increase of approximately 16% in 3 years (INEC,

2015), (Enciso et al., 2016b). These values show that,

as time goes on, there is greater access and use of the

Internet by the Ecuadorian population; so the solution

to be considered should be oriented to a web environ-

ment.

Today, the industry has led the emergence of

Global Distribution Systems (GDS); which at their

most general level, provide automated mechanisms

that facilitate the process of management of reserves

through computer systems. The main applications

of this type of software are automated booking sys-

tems for airlines (Kelly, 2016), inventory control

programs, hotel reservation management, cars,trains

(Coza, 2014) and pharmacies (Enciso et al., 2016a).

These systems have found support within the dif-

ferent programming languages, database systems and

servers that allow to carry a service to a web environ-

ment.

By January 2017, PHP has shown a strong pres-

ence in the web application market; being cata-

loged as the sixth most used programming language

(TIOBE, 2017). For (Mart

ın, 2012), PHP stands out

422

Enciso, L., Borja, W., Vasquez, J., Zelaya, E. and Quezada-Sarmiento, P.

Development of a Web Application for the Management of Reserves of Sports Scenarios.

DOI: 10.5220/0006386304220429

In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST 2017), pages 422-429

ISBN: 978-989-758-246-2

because of:

• Totally free and open language.

• Low learning curve.

• Development environments are fast and easy to

conﬁgure.

• Easy deployment: fully self-installing packages

that integrate PHP.

• Easy access to databases

In the same order, one of the database manage-

ment systems that is widely used is mysql. According

to (Quezada, 2012), this manager has its own speciﬁ-

cations that gives you:

• High scalability.

• Excellent performance.

• Wide range of availability.

• Flexibility.

• Being an open source platform, it facilitates the

introduction of improvements.

The guidelines that guide the present investigation

are:

• Investigate the advantages and disadvantages as-

sociated with using the HTTP protocol for a web

service.

• Propose an architectural model to ensure avail-

ability, safety and performance for the applica-

tion.

• Analyze and develop a web application that al-

lows the proper management of reserves of sta-

diums of the city.

The ﬁrst part of the paper provides a description

of the central topics of related projects. The second

section deals with the theory of the work that follows.

The third part provides a deep description of the sys-

tem developed. The fourth section presents the re-

sults of the research carried out, and ﬁnally, the ﬁfth

part presents the conclusions to which we have arrived

once the investigation has been completed.

2 RELATED WORK

One of the applications based on the location is Uber;

which offers taxi requests services. In this app, any-

one can join as a partner: either as a taxi driver or

user. This application has had a wide demand in many

countries; So developers have had to pay attention

to the scalability of the system. That’s why, Uber

has been developed under a multilayer architecture,

where each layer is implemented in a different server.

For this, it was considered the use of the Ringpop

system; which implements a membership protocol

that allows the different nodes to discover the other

nodes, disseminate information quickly, and maintain

a consistent view of the different nodes that are part

of the application cluster. Ringpop uses a variation

of the SWIM (Scalable Weakly-consistent Infection-

style Process Group Membership Protocol) protocol,

in order to diffuse state changes made by different

member servers, which are contained within a spe-

ciﬁc cluster (Hoff, 2015).

George Denezis, after executing a test program for

the analysis of web security, implementing commu-

nication through the HTTP protocol, concludes that

through the HTTP protocol, it is possible to carry out

a series of attacks; Even with the use of the security

transport layer (TLS); that’s why he invites the use of

advanced protocols, with integrated security mecha-

nisms, such as the SSL Protocol, or HTTPS (Danezis,

2012).

For Jos

e S

anchez Rold

an, the technological lack

associated with the sport practice, such as the dif-

ﬁculty in consulting the nearest stadiums, making

reservations and the respective payment, causes the

offer of low quality services that require the user

mobilization to the ofﬁces. For that reason, there

was proposed a system for the management of sports

spaces that allows the correct administration of the

stadium reservations, their users, and the sports that

are practiced in the campus. The application has a

mobile and web version; and was developed under the

REST infrastructure (S

anchez Rold

an, 2013).

For Iv

an Garc

ıa, the importance of maintaining a

reservation management system lies in the ease of ad-

ministration of sport spaces and reserves. For this rea-

son, there was proposed a web and mobile solution,

that allows the owners and customers to manage and

addition, the system provides a secure payment plat-

form, which means that the customer should not travel

to make their payments. Likewise, a friendly graph-

ical interface that allows users to locate the nearest

stadiums. As part of the management component, the

system informs the owner about the reservations reg-

istered in the month. Finally, the system offers social

network functions, allowing interaction between users

of the application. The web application has been built

based on a model view control architecture; while the

mobile application has been structured with a layered

model (Garc

ıa, 2014).

Daniel Wilches and Pablo Figueroa present an AR

application (Augmented Reality) for mobile devices

from conception to evolution. This application ma-

Development of a Web Application for the Management of Reserves of Sports Scenarios

423

nipulates and shows data in 3D (Three-dimensional

image), georeferenced in iPhone to allow its users

to buy information from geo-referenced buildings

stored in a database against the real information seen

through the device camera with the aim of contrast

the information of what should be built in a sector of

the city against what is actually built (Descamps-Vila,

2011).

GIS-based groundwater identiﬁcation software

and a client-server architecture that has been devel-

oped to identify vulnerable areas in a regional level

with the use of pesticide models. The area investi-

gated is divided into polygons with homogeneous en-

vironmental characteristics and the pesticide transport

is modeled with the PELMO model in each polygon.

The software is used by the Lombardy and Italy re-

gions for PPP risk management purposes. VULPES

has been designed and implemented to transfer scien-

tiﬁc knowledge in terms of pesticide risk assessment

to risk assessors. Allows to apply consolidated mod-

els methodologies used in the standardized scenarios

for pedological, meteorological and agronomic data

(DiGuardo and Finizio, 2015).

3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 Smarthphones

Below we present a description of the main themes

that structure the present investigation:

Hypertext Transfer Protocol: It is a protocol for

the exchange of distributed, collaborative, and hyper-

media information. It is a generic, global protocol that

can be used for many tasks, such as Distributed Object

Management Systems servers, through request meth-

ods, error codes and headers (Fielding et al., ). In the

main characteristics of HTTP we ﬁnd the typiﬁcation

and negotiation of the representation of data; which

allows its construction independently of the type of

information that will be transferred (Fielding et al., ).

Client - Server Architecture: It is one of the

most popular types of network architecture; whose

utility stands out because of its use within the Inter-

net; for which it makes use of various communica-

tion protocols, such as the hypertext transfer proto-

col (HTTP). Brieﬂy, you can deﬁne a server as any

computer or system that answers requests made by a

client computer or subsystem. In a client / server envi-

ronment, the PC or workstation is usually the client.

The model can be visualized in the ﬁgure 1; which

presents an application that divides the execution of a

work unit between the activities initiated by the end

user (client) and the responses of resources (services)

to the activity request. The Client / Server architec-

ture shows a type of cooperative processing between

devices that are physically separated, and intercon-

nected through a network (Held, 2000).

Figure 1: Client - server architecture.

Web Service: According to the World Wide Web

Consortium (W3C), a web service is a set of appli-

cations or technologies that interoperates on the Web.

This institution says that this type of systems can in-

terchange data with each other, with the aim of offer-

ing services; for which, providers offer their services

as remote procedures and users request a service by

calling these procedures through the Web (Consor-

tium, 2014).

(Navarro, 2016) mentions that in the last decade

three different types of web services have been popu-

larized, which are:

• Remote Procedure Calls (RCPs): When the web

services provides a remote procedure call inter-

face and distributed functions; however, its imple-

mentation forces the direct call of speciﬁc func-

tions and methods that limits the efﬁciency and

scalability of these systems.

• Service Oriented Architectures (SOA): The com-

munication unit is the message, and allows the ex-

ecution of procedures as a sequence of services

speciﬁc to the application.

• REST: They intend to emulate the procedures pro-

vided by the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP);

Providing an interface composed of a group of

function calls.

Also, (Navarro, 2016) indicates that REST deﬁnes

a set of principles for the design of software architec-

tures oriented to a networked environment; providing

an interface that allows the transmission of data over

the HTTP protocol; without requiring a deﬁned ser-

vice layer; unlike SOAP.

According to (Da Palma et al., 2008), the main

advantages of implementing the REST architecture

within a web application are:

APMDWE 2017 - 2nd International Special Session on Advanced practices in Model-Driven Web Engineering

424

• Simplicity to implement components.

• Reduce the complexity of connector semantics.

• Improve efﬁciency of performance optimization.

• Increase scalability of server components.

Web Server: It is any system or device that re-

ceives, processes and answers to requests made by a

client. To establish communication, it uses protocols

such as HTTP, HTTPS, or whatever it requires, de-

pending of the communication type (Hino, 2012).

Taking advantage of the technologies presented,

we propose the development of a web oriented soft-

ware that allows the stadium owners advertise and

manage the reserves of their scenarios in an easy and

fast way. Likewise, this solution proposes to help

to all those athletes who wish to reserve an avail-

able ﬁeld near his/her location; providing information

of the stadium, such as its schedule, phone number,

number of ﬁelds and services offered; besides infor-

mation speciﬁc to each ﬁeld, for example, its dimen-

sions, material, sport category, rates and information

of stands.

For the implementation of the proposal, we used

free access software and tools. Because the applica-

tion is a web site, the graphical user interface will be

based on interaction through web pages coded and de-

signed under the HTML and CSS language, respec-

tively. The layout and coding of the program will

be done using the editor ”Sublime Text”. The server

application will be coded in the PHP programming

language. The management and storage of the appli-

cation information will be done through the MySQL

database manager.

Scrum: It is an Agile development methodol-

ogy(S

eguin et al., 2012), (Roche, 2013), which has

a more human-oriented approach to problem solving,

which instead of wasting time in creating cumber-

some and confusing documentation, gives the team a

quick start in coding. Likewise, the Agile method-

ology considers the inputs of the client during the

entire development cycle, as opposed to the tradi-

tional methodologies in which the requirements are

collected only at the beginning of the cycle (Dimes,

2015). That is why this methodology of development

was chosen for project.

4 METHODOLOGY

4.1 Analysis

The correct development of software requires a

scheme of systematic implementation, not exces-

sively rigid. Quality and compliance must go hand

in hand (Dimes, 2015).

For the development, a methodology is used that

constitutes a reference frame called Scrum, which ac-

cording to Dimes, Troy, allows to create complex soft-

ware and deliver it on time in a easy way. First, a

product stack is created, then this stack of product as-

similates to a list of requirements for the development

of the application. Being a prioritized list, you work

on the most important elements of the product stack.

Ensuring features less indispensable leaving aside the

most important. That is why Scrum proposes to do the

work in short iterative cycles, from a week to a month.

The result of each iteration must be a ready-to-deliver

product. The team reviews the ﬁnal product and sub-

mits it to stakeholders for feedback, given feedback,

the team can update the entire product stack or itera-

tions (Dimes, 2015).

Based on the results, the agile framework, es-

pecially the Scrum, proved to be a viable option

as a project management approach (Azanha et al.,

2017). Agile methodologies are a group of incremen-

tal and iterative methods that are more effective, and

have been used in project management. Kanban and

Scrum are two powerful Agile project management

approaches in software development. The objective

of Scrum and Kanban is achieved by optimizing the

development process by identifying the tasks, manag-

ing time more effectively, and setting-up teams (Lei

et al., 2017).

Once considered the case; as well as the differ-

ent problems and limitations associated with the man-

ual reservation of stadiums, we propose the develop-

ment of a web application that allows different users

to locate the sport places nearest to their geographical

position; and at the same time, provide administra-

tors a mechanism that allows them to easily advertise

and manage the reservations of ﬁelds made by their

clients.

The ﬁgure 2 describes the overall operation of the

system. Because the application is a web-oriented

software, the user is free to use it in the hardware /

software platform that he/she prefers; However, it is

necessary to have an active connection to the Internet.

In order for a user to be able to view the closest

stadiums to his/her location, his/her terminal device

must send a routing request to the application servers.

On the other side, the server will process the request,

and based on its IP address, will consult the location

of the user through the geolocation service provided

by Google maps. Subsequently, the system will eval-

uate and show the sports establishments closest to the

user’s location; Who will ﬁnally select the stadium

with the desired schedules. In case of no availabil-

Development of a Web Application for the Management of Reserves of Sports Scenarios

425

ity conﬂict, the application will show a reservation

conﬁrmation message; Otherwise, the user will be in-

formed about the inconvenience.

Once the reservation is conﬁrmed, the stadium

manager will receive a notiﬁcation from the applica-

tion, who will be able to view details of the reserva-

tion, such as the date, time and place of entry; As well

as information about the client, such as his/her ﬁrst

and last names, email, contact number. The admin-

istrator will be able to cancel the reservation, at any

time. In this case, the system will send a notiﬁcation

to the user who registered the reservation.

4.2 Architecture

For the construction of the application, it is necessary

to use an architecture that gives an adequate level of

security, ensures availability and performance; So the

client-server architectural style has been considered;

which is made up of two main subsystems: a client

and a server. According to (Somasegar et al., 2009),

the main advantages of this architectural style are:

• High level of security: Because access to the sys-

tem databases is managed directly by the applica-

tion server; Which runs on a different layer than

the client.

• Centralized Information: All system information

is stored in the application databases; Which fa-

cilitates the access and maintenance of the same.

• Ease of maintenance: The functions of a system

are distributed in several servers interconnected

with each other; Which isolates the user from

server repair and relocation operations.

The ﬁgure 1 describes the architectural schema

client - server, in which the information is centralized.

The requests are made by terminal equipment, and

at the other end, a server program receives and pro-

cesses them to subsequently send a response to the

client. The architectural model presented is suitable

for a web environment that has among its interests

to ensure availability, security and performance. The

proposed model allows to ensure the availability of

the system by virtue of dividing the application into

two; one client application and another server. Like-

wise, security and business are managed within the

server layer; Which proved to provide a higher level

of safety and performance.

4.3 Data Modeling

According to (Silberschatz et al., 2002), the normal-

ization process involves the modeling of different ta-

bles, and their relationships, adhering to standards

that are designed to avoid redundancy of data; as well

as dependencies between them; for this reason, the

database design of the application has been carried

out following the normalization process in three lev-

els, and has resulted in the model shown in the ﬁgure

3. The model of the ﬁgure suggests that a owner can

have 1 or more stadiums; while a stadium may be-

long to a single owner. Also, a stadium may have one

or more ﬁelds, which will be assigned one or more

prices, depending on the time of use; With this, the

system allows to realize discounts, according to the

time of reservation. In the same way, a stadium can

offer on one or several services, and each one of them

can be established to one or more sport scenarios. Fi-

nally, a client can reserve one or several ﬁelds; at the

time that the reservation of a certain set of loaves, for

a same date, can be realized by a single client.

4.4 Development

The application will be structured in two parts: a

client and a server. The server application will be

written in the PHP programming language, and will

be responsible for, among other things, the handling

of data access components; Which is done by the code

Listing 1: Database connector.

public function connect($host, $user,

$pass, $database){

$con = mysql_connect($this->host,

$this->user,

$this->pass) or die("The app could not

connect to the database");

mysql_select_db($this->database,

$con) or die ("The app could not connect

to the database");

return $con;

}

The code 2 describes the algorithm followed by

the application for instance a new connection object;

by means of which you can consult, add, update and

delete information from the database.

Also, one of the main functions of the application

lies in the suggestion of the sports scenarios closest to

the user’s location. For this, after an analysis process,

it has been decided to use the haversine algorithm;

which is described in the code

Listing 2: Haversine algorithm.

function distanceCalculation($lat_point1,

$long_point1, $lat_point2, $long_point2){

// Distance calculation using the

Harversine algorithm

$degree = rad2deg(acos((sin(

deg2rad($lat_point1))*sin (deg2rad

APMDWE 2017 - 2nd International Special Session on Advanced practices in Model-Driven Web Engineering

426

($lat_point2))) + (cos(deg2rad($lat_point1))

*cos(deg2rad($lat_point2))*cos

(deg2rad($long_point1-$long_point2)))));

$distance = $degree * 111.13384;

Conversion from degrees to kilometers,

considering that in each degree, there are

111.13384 kilometers.

}

5 RESULTS

As a result, it has been possible to develop a position-

based application, oriented to a web environment;

which allows to visualize the different sports com-

plexes; as well as their information; which can be seen

in the ﬁgure 4(a):

Once selected the sports complex of preference,

the user must select the ﬁeld to use; As shown in ﬁg-

ure 4(b).

Finally, the user must enter his information in or-

der to register the reservation; which is done in the

form shown in the ﬁgure 4(c). In the ﬁgure 4(d), is

shown the registered reservation.

6 CONCLUSIONS

Through the present investigative work, we have been

able to determine:

That the HTTP protocol is an excellent mecha-

nism for the rapid exchange of information within a

web environment; however, it offers limited security

services.

Likewise, it was possible to determine that a client

server model is suitable for a web environment that

has among its interests to ensure availability, secu-

rity and performance. The proposed model allows to

ensure the availability of the system by virtue of di-

viding the application into two; one client application

and another server. Likewise, security and business

are managed within the server layer; Which proved to

provide a higher level of safety and performance.

All this process allowed to raise a web software

that allows to promote the different sports scenarios

near the location in which the users are; as well as the

management of the reservations made.

Also, it was possible to evaluate the different

tools of codiﬁcation, web design and server emula-

tors; From which we conclude that the editor used

for coding and web design presented remarkable per-

formance; therefore, it never stopped working or ex-

perienced bugs when using it; however, to visualize

the changes made within the code, it was necessary to

save the changes, and refresh the page; which easily

becomes a tedious task that causes delays and prob-

lems with the buffer of web browsers.

We tested the performance of the XAMPP emula-

tor, which has a well-known portability and installa-

bility feature; It is possible to install and run it from

any operating system (Windows, Linux). Also, during

the development of the application proved to be a ro-

bust system; As it was possible to handle exceptions

properly by always being operational. Likewise, it

denoted wide efﬁciency and performance in trial time

and execution of the application.

In the same way, the different mechanisms of geo

positioning did not show major disadvantages to per-

form the geo positioning of their equipment; How-

ever, the web browser used (Firefox) showed draw-

backs to remember the user’s location preferences;

which generated problems for the system to obtain the

exact position of the user on more than one occasion.

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