Comprehensive Fitness Control in Young Soccer Players

Comparison of Laboratory and Field Testing Indicators

Anna Zakharova, Kamiliia Mekhdieva and Anastasia Berdnikova

Institute of Physical Education, Sport and Youth Policy, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia

B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Keywords: Young Soccer Players, Training and Testing, Field and Laboratory Tests.

Abstract: Young athletes require a specialized approach to training process, taking into consideration a broad range of

physiological and training aspects. The study is focused on the evaluation of fitness level of young soccer

players and the search for interrelations between parameters of laboratory and field tests with the

physiologic measurements during match play. The proposed paper provides coaches, sports scientists and

physicians with important information on effective training control based on accessible and reliable tests.

Twenty six healthy male soccer players born in 2004 currently aged 12-13 were recruited for the study. Data

obtained from laboratory testing (cycling stress-test with gas-exchange measurements, Wingate cycling test,

and blood lactate measurements), maximal interval running field test and soccer game analysis with heart

rate monitoring were analysed. Firstly, Wingate cycle test parameters in young soccer players aged 12-13

were described in details. Furthermore, significant interrelations between indicators of physical state,

obtained from the various types of tests were revealed. The most important finding was close correlations

between measured indicators during the game with results of laboratory and field tests. Based on mentioned

above, laboratory and field tests can be widely used in training control of young soccer players.

1 INTRODUCTION

Successful training of an athlete is determined by the

timeliness and quality of the periodic control. The

fitness level control in sport means monitoring and

evaluation of physical capacities and in any kind of

sport measurements are to:

 correspond to the competitive activity, i.e. be

specific;

 match the athletes age and their sport

achievements;

 provide with informative and reliable data that

appraise the athlete current state, their strengths

and weaknesses.

At present the regular control of the functional

state of young soccer players gradually gets a greater

meaning because of the early age beginning of sport

training in soccer, increase of training load at the

initial stage of training, and moreover due to the

high intensity in competition and its athletic

character in the adult soccer. The other problem we

faced in the XXI century is poor children’s

cardiovascular system development (Zakharova,

2015) because of easy social, transport and living

conditions in comparison with those of latter half of

the twentieth century.

Thus in boyhood days it is necessary to lay the

foundation for specific physical fitness level and

monitor it to meet the requirements to the robust

athlete in future soccer career.

It is commonly assumed that data obtained

during the competition are the most reliable

indicators of athletes’ fitness level. Much

information can be received from numerous

portative sport devices but heart rate belts and

monitors are not permitted during official soccer

matches (Laws of the Game. FIFA, 2016,

Impellizzeri, 2004).

Stated above enabled us to formulate the aim of

the study ̶ to assess the fitness level of young

soccer players by means of laboratory and field tests

and find connections between functional testing

parameters and physiological measurements during

match play.

Modern functional diagnostics provides us with

the opportunities to study thoroughly various

athletes’ indicators that are important in sports

activities. The only stumbling block is the set of

Zakharova A., Mekhdieva K. and Berdnikova A.

Comprehensive Fitness Control in Young Soccer Players - Comparison of Laboratory and Field Testing Indicators.

DOI: 10.5220/0006495600250032

In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support (icSPORTS 2017), pages 25-32

ISBN: 978-989-758-269-1

methods to be used. They must be limited in number

but provide overall information about physical

competence. For research in a sport team it is

important to choose the quickest testing procedure

possible.

2 ORGANIZATION AND

METHODS

Subjects. Twenty six healthy male soccer players

born in 2004 currently aged 12-13 (height –

161.5±7.32 cm, body mass – 49.5±6.71 kg) were

recruited for the study. The participants of the study

had about 5 years of sport experience in soccer. All

subjects were free of cardiovascular or any other

chronic disease. The investigation conforms to the

principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the

World Medical Association. Athletes involved in

the study had been provided with comprehensive

information on the procedures, methods, benefits

and possible risks before their parents’ written

consent was obtained and their permission was

given. The study was approved by the Ural Federal

University Ethics Committee.

2.1 Anthropometric Measurements

Weight and body composition were measured with

the use of the MC-980MA Plus Multi Frequency

Segmental Body Composition Monitor (TANITA,

Japan) based on the advanced Bioelectric Impedance

Analysis (BIA) technology. The following

parameters were registered: body mass (kg), body

mass index (BMI), muscle mass (kg; %), fat mass

(kg; %), fat free mass (kg), bone mass (kg),

intracellular and extracellular water (%), metabolic

rate (kcal) and body mass balance.

2.2 Laboratory Exercise Testing

All laboratory tests were conducted in the research

laboratory “Sports and health technologies” of the

Institute of Physical education, sports and youth

policy, UrFU. Laboratory exercise testing included

maximal ramp cycling test with gas-exchange

evaluation, cycling Wingate test and blood lactate

measurements.

2.2.1 Maximal Ramp Cycling Test

Exercise testing was performed with the use of a

bicycle ergometer ERG 911S (Schiller AG,

Switzerland) and a desktop metabolic monitor

Fitmate PRO (COSMED, Italy). Maximal ramp

protocol was applied in accordance with ACC/AHA

2002 guideline update for exercise testing (2006).

The test started from the load of 0 W during warm-

up stage (1 min) with further load increase (40 W

per minute). Athletes were recommended to keep the

cadence about 80 rpm. The test was considered to

have been performed at a maximal level of effort in

case of: (1) the inability of the subject to maintain

the expected cadence (80 rpm) despite verbal

inciting; (2) refusal to continue the test due to

subjective exhaustion of the muscles; (3) the

appearance of absolute medical indicators. Maximal

cycling test is widely used by sports physicians and

practitioners in assessment of physical fitness and

aerobic capacity. This type of protocol is quite

informative, relatively safe and easily reproducible.

The following parameters were recorded starting

with the first warm-up stage (1 min) and

continuously during exercise testing: oxygen

consumption (VO

, ml/kg/min), heart rate (HR,

bpm), stated exercise load (P, W), volume of

ventilation (Ve, l/min), and respiration rate

(Rf, 1/min). The current values of all measured

parameters were demonstrated on the metabolic

analyzer screen and saved in the device memory for

ongoing analysis.

Systolic blood pressure (SBP, mm Hg) and

diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg) were

registered with the use of integrated tonometer blood

pressure monitor (Shiller AG, Switzerland) after

each second minute of the test. Immediate post-

exercise measurements of HR, SBP and DBP during

5 minutes of recovery period were recorded. SBP

and DBP values were manually fixed into

metabolograph memory.

Gas-exchange measurements during stress test

enabled us to obtain important information on

athletes’ aerobic capacity (Vilikus, 2012) and

accurate values of metabolic changes under stress

conditions. VO

2max

– the maximal value of oxygen

consumption during the test, anaerobic threshold

(AT) and its relation to VO

2max

(%) were determined

through the stress-test. These indices characterize

athletes’ aerobic abilities and efficiency of oxygen

utilization by working muscles.

A combination of the obtained physiologic

characteristics during stress test with their further

analysis provided with comprehensive information

about integral response of respiratory apparatus,

muscles and cardiovascular systems to exercise load.

In other words, it allowed estimating not only

oxygen uptake, transport and utilization, but also

efficiency of respiration at a maximal level of effort

(Ve

max

, l/min – maximal volume of ventilation per

minute; Rf

max

, 1/min – maximal respiration rate;

max

– maximal volume of one inspiration) and

muscle strength of athletes (P-VO

2max

– the power

reached at VO

2max

). These indicators are considered

as maximal individual for this particular type of test.

We also consider P

170

, W – cycling power at a

heart rate 170 beats per min, as a physical working

capacity indicator similar to PWC 170 – Cycle test,

the primary purpose of the which (Cambell et al.,

2001) is to predict the power output at a projected

heart rate of 170 beats per minute (bpm). For

example, one athlete has 180 W

at the HR =170 bpm

while the other has only 150 W. The former is more

physically fit than the latter.

2.2.2 Cycling Wingate Test

Cycling Wingate test was conducted with the use of

the ergometer BIKE MED (TechnoGym, Italy) and

Cardio Memory software V 1.0 SP3. Anaerobic

power measures were obtained using leg cycling

Wingate anaerobic test, and included peak power

(PP, W), relative PP (W/kg), power at 15 (P

, W)

and 30 sec (P

, W), average power (AP

) and their

relative values (P

, W/kg, P

, W/kg, AP

, W/kg).

2.2.3 Lactate Measurements

Blood lactate concentration (La, mmol/l) during

performance testing of athletes was measured with

the use of the portable device Vario Photometer DP

300 (Diaglobal, Germany) on microsamples of

capillary blood from the fingertip. Post-exercise

measurements of lactate were performed

immediately after interval field testing and twice

during the match (after the first and the second

halves). It is well-known that lactate is the end

product of the metabolic process of glucose

utilization (anaerobic glycolysis) (Goodwinn, 2007).

Thus, both in terms of the soccer game, as well as

the interval running field testing, the rate of lactate

elevation was considered as a measure of anaerobic

abilities and a response to physical exertion.

2.3 Field Soccer Tests

The maximal running interval testing was carried out

on a pitch in a circle (lap) marked by 4 cones (20m x

20 m). Athletes performed High Intensity Interval

Training (HIITraining) of 8 sets of 20-second

interval (Tabata Protocol) with an “all-out” effort

separated by 10 seconds of passive recovery

(Tabata, 1996). GPS Garmin Forunner 310XT was

used to measure the distance length covered in each

of 8 intensive bout and monitor heart rate (HR)

during the HIIT-test and HR recovery after it. For

quick and easy data access and HR and distance

information acquisition and processing the GPS

navigator configurations were installed on the

interval training (12 intervals × 20 sec + 10 sec for

rest). The additional 4 intervals were used for

processing an athlete recovery data. According to

the classification of training and competitive

physical activities the highest result shown in the

first cycle of the test corresponds to the zone of

anaerobic alactic power (D

max

, m; V

max

, km/h) and it

is the indicator of speed abilities (Tarbeeva, 2011) or

athlete’s running speed (Zakharova, 2015). The sum

of the first three results (D

1-3

), which depends

mainly upon the degree of the covered distances

decrease, serves the marker of ability to maintain

high speed. The result obtained within all 8 cycles

corresponds to the work in anaerobic glycolic zone

and the sum of 8 distances (D

1-8

) characterizes

special stamina and anaerobic glicolytic potential of

athlete’s working muscle groups (Tarbeeva, 2011,

Zakharova, 2015).

All players were informed of the rating of the

perceived exertion rating (RPE) scale (CR-10) and

familiarized with it a month before the start of the

study. The CR-10 scale proposed by Foster (1995,

2001), was presented to each player 12 min after

Maximal running interval testing. This was done to

exclude the influence of emotional factor after the

test.

2.4 Soccer Game Analysis with Heart

Rate Monitoring

To estimate age features of competitive activity of

young soccer players the heart rate monitoring with

GPS Garmin Forerunner 310XT (Garmin, USA) was

used. HR was recorded every 5 sec during each

training session using HR monitor with individually

coded HR transmitters to avoid interference. To

measure the distance length covered during the game

GPS navigation was used. Software Garmin Express

and Garmin Connect helped us to determine the

maximal velocity of young soccer-players,

maximal and average HR, amount of time in

different heart rate zones and others recovery

speed.

The match (11 vs 11) was played on a regular

size (105 × 68 m), synthetic-grass soccer pitch in

two halves of 35 minutes (the official duration of the

game for a given age of players), with 10-minute

rest interval. During the game a ball of size 5 was

used. To ensure that the game would restart

immediately if the ball left the field of play, spare

balls were kept all around the perimeter of the pitch.

Six players were observed during the match.

The perceived exertion rating (RPE) scale (CR-

10) was presented to each player 7 minutes after

each half of the game.

2.5 Statistical Analysis

Statistical analysis was performed with the use of

statistic software package “SPSS Statistics 17.0”

(IBM). The descriptive analysis of the obtained data

was applied to determine basic functional status of

athletes. Normality of distribution was assessed by

the Shapiro-Wilk test. Mean value (M) and standard

deviation (SD) of the used parameters were

calculated. Pearson correlations between the

measured parameters were calculated to estimate the

relations between results of laboratory, field and

real-game measurements. The level of significance

was set at P < 0.05.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The obtained data of anthropometric measurements

of young soccer players (Table 1) show that

generally athletes had age and gender appropriate

body mass, height and most part of other indices.

High values of fat free mass (muscle mass) point at

good physical status and beneficial training effect of

soccer.

Table 1: Anthropometric and body composition analysis

of young soccer players (12-13 years).

Parameters M±SD (min-max)

Height, cm 161,07 ± 7,64 149-176

Weight, kg 49,37 ± 6,41 36,8-61,7

CC, cm 73,65 ± 3,57 66-79

NC, cm 34,04 ± 2,13 30-39

MM, kg 38,85 ± 5,14 29,4-48,4

MM, % 78,59 ± 3 70,96-83,81

Fat, kg 8,48 ± 1,97 4,9-12,9

Fat, % 17,13 ± 3,15 11,7-25,1

BMI, kg/m

18,95 ± 1,54 16-21,5

CC – chest circumference; NC - neck circumference; MM-

muscle mass.

Table 2 shows the results of laboratory cycling

stress-test. On average, VO

2max

in the studied group

corresponded to high level in reference to age and

gender norm in soccer for 12-13 years (Cunha,

2011) and slightly lower one for age of 14.2±0.5

years reported VO

2max

= 56.5 ± 0.9 (Buchheit, 2008).

Average HR before the test, measured at rest

sitting on cycle ergometer, was higher than sport

norm. This result indicates the poor cardiovascular

development that leads to low aerobic abilities. At

the same time HR

max

was within athletic norm

(Table 2), that means the balanced heart-muscle

development of young soccer players. But this

balance was reached thanks to good but not

excellent power index (P-VO

2max/kg

, W).

Meanwhile, most of the stress-test parameters

varied within a certain range. This indicated

considerable difference of level of aerobic

performance and physical state of players of the

same age.

Table 2: Stress-test parameters of soccer players.

Parameters M±SD

(min-max)

Athlete

norm

2max

ml/kg/min

54.34 ± 6.08 (45.8-66.6) 55

HR before the

test, bpm

90.28 ± 10.59 (70-109) 70

max,

bpm 182.89 ± 5.63 (172-192) 180-195

170,

W 183.78 ± 35.14 (136-258) -

P-VO

2max

, W 222.67 ± 35,18 (152-294) >250

P-VO

2max

/kg,

W/kg 4.74 ± 0.46 (4.04-5.48)

max

, l/min 82.37 ± 16.97

(55.2-123.2)

80-100

max

, 1/min 54.57 ± 12.98 (35.4-81.6) -

max

(Ve/Rf), l

1.55 ± 0.45 (0.96-2.86) >2

METS 15.56 ± 1.79 (13-19) >15.5

HR – heart rate; P-VO

2max

- power reached at VO

2max

;

P-VO

2max

/kg – relative maximum power at P-VO

2max

; VO

– oxygen consumption; Ve

max

– maximal volume of

ventilation; Rf

max

– maximal respiration rate; V

max

–

maximal volume of one inspiration.

As running speed and acceleration abilities are of

great importance in soccer we reported opportunity

to measure peak power in cycling Wingate test for

testing of 11-12 years old (Zakharova, 2016). No

information about Wingate-test parameters in the

age of 12 was found.

In the present study (Table 3) relative PP and AP

were as high as the same indicators of 15-16 years

old soccer players (Jastrzębski, 2011, Junior, 2010)

and higher than that of forwards (Joo, 2016)

whereas all absolute values were lower. In

comparison with 17 years old players with identical

experience in soccer, the tested players showed

lower values of PP, but the same values of AP

(Chtourou, H., 2012). This undoubtedly

demonstrates the high level of leg muscles fitness

for anaerobic work specific for soccer.

Table 3: Wingate-test parameters of soccer players.

Parameters M±SD (min-max)

PP, W 517.21 ± 102.9 (371-698)

PP, w/kg 10.83 ± 1.24 (8.67-12.92)

, W 421.71 ± 96.87 (292-628)

, W/kg, 8.53 ± 1.12 (6.99-10.33)

, W 337.71 ± 95.6 (226-497)

, W/kg 6.78 ± 1.11 (5.06-9.15)

, W 415.29 ± 87.01 (314-607)

, W/kg 8,69 ± 0.96 (7.22-10.6)

Fatigue, % 41.29 ± 10.17 (25-62)

, s 5.64 ± 4.63 (2-17)

PP – peak power; AP – average power; t

, - time of PP

attainment.

The results of interval running test are showed in

Table 4 and Figures 1 and 2.

Table 4: Results of interval running test of soccer players.

Parameters M±SD Max

max

per interval, m 114.45 ± 7.03 132

ΣD, m 746.82 ± 57.64 831

∆D, m 31.82 ± 9.36 45

max

, bpm 189.36 ± 7.51 202

mean

, bpm 161.91 ± 6.22 171

max

, km/h 20.6 ± 1.27 23.76

mean

, km/h 16.8 ± 1.3 18.7

min

, km/h 14.87 ± 1.69 17.1

∆V, km/h 5.73 ± 1.19 8.1

La, mmol/l 7.89 ± 3.1 15.6

RPE 7 ± 1.41 9

max

– distance covered in the best interval; ΣD – total

distance for the test; ∆D – individual RPE – rate of the

perceived exertion; La – capillary lactate concentration; V

– velocity; ∆V – drop of the velocity during the test

(between individual V

max

and V

min

)

∆D (m) was calculated as the difference between

the best interval and the interval with the minimum

distance in the HIIT-test. This indicator ∆D (m) was

adopted as a criterion of the ability to perform high-

intensity running with minimal loss of productivity.

The optimum value was assumed at ∆D ≤ 30 m.

The desirable excellent conditioning bar chat of

young football players is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: The desirable excellent conditioning bar chat of

young soccer players.

The results of running interval test detect the

physical fitness of every subject. The comparison

and ranking of the first (best) distance results of all

athletes reveal the winner in speed, while champion

in 8 distances amount shows the desirable level of

specific endurance (Figure 2).

Many researchers have repeatedly performed the

subsequent detailed analysis of external and internal

load indicators, as well as technical and tactical

preparedness of athletes during the played soccer

matches (Mohr M., 2003; Castagna, C., 2003;

Krustrup, P., 2005; Castagna, C., 2009; Aquino,

R.L., 2016). The value of data obtained during the

game cannot be overestimated. A variety of match

analysis methods and tools allows not only to

characterize one or several sides of a player's

preparedness, but also to compare the obtained data

with the results of the other tests. It is provided by

short, but not less informative tests that do not

require sophisticated equipment and huge energy

costs for players (as during the game).

During the whole game players (n = 12) covered

8500 ± 460 m (7930-8910 m), of which 4000 ±

550 m (3190-4560 m) were performed in the first

half of the game and 4500 ± 500 (3910-5210 m) in

the second half. The studied group of players

showed a high level of the total distance covered per

game in comparison with the data of other

researchers in accordance with the age and gender

norms in soccer (Barbero-Álvarez, 2013: age – 14.3

± 1.3 years, total distance – 7145 ± 685 m; Buchheit,

2010: age – U13, total distance – 6549 ± 597 m, age

– U14, total distance – 7383 ± 640 m; Buchheit,

2008: age – 14.2 ± 0.5, total distance – 5372 ±

125 m).

The average and peak HR during the match were

160.5 ± 6.06 bpm (154-170 bpm) and 194.83 ± 6.94

bpm (range 188-206). The values of HR

max

and

mean

during the game were authentically lower

Figure 2: Young soccer players (n=26) individual results of interval running test.

than in Barbero-Álvarez study (2013) (HR

max

–

205.7 ± 5.4 bpm, HR

mean

– 179.7 ± 6.8 bpm).

Lactate values after the first and second half of

the game were 5.48 ± 2.28 ml/l (2.87-9.25 ml/l) and

3.71 ± 1.81 ml/l (2.44-6.91 ml/l) respectively. RPE

response of players showed values of 4.17 ± 0.41 (4-

5) and 5.5 ± 0.55 (5-6) after the first and second half

of the game respectively.

During the match the players showed an average

speed of 10.4 ± 1.61 km/h (7.6-11.54 km/h). The

peak game speed was 20.4 km/h and it was lower

than average values reported by Buchheit, 2010

about the players of the same age (age – U13, peak

game speed – 22.3 ± 1.4; age – U14, peak game

speed – 24.4 ± 1.8).

Taking into account the results of laboratory tests

and field tests discussed above it can be assumed

that low values of maximum speed during the game

are associated with the game tactics but not with low

fitness level of young players.

Data obtained from correlative analysis showed

that there were strong interrelations between the

parameters of physical fitness of young soccer

players obtained from different tests.

In particular, we found significant correlations

between PP and P-VO

2max

(r = .805, P < 0.01), PP

and P

170

(r = .630, P < 0.05), AP and P-VO

2max

(r = .822, P < 0.01), AP and P

170

(r = .626, P < 0.05),

AP and VO

2max

(r = .566, P < 0.05).

Above-mentioned proves the interrelation

between athletes’ maximal power and strength

manifestation in VO

2max

protocol, or strange as it

may seem between anaerobic power (PP, AP) and

aerobic capacities in athletes. In other words, muscle

strength abilities provide athletes with advantage in

endurance, as shown in better physical

characteristics during aerobic laboratory and field

tests, as well as lower exertion during the game.

Furthermore, we found strong correlations

between the results of laboratory and field tests and

measurements obtained during the soccer game. Our

results showed that RPE during the game correlated

with VO

2max

(r = -.622, P < 0.05), La concentration

after the 1

half well correlated with the following

indices: PP (r = .923, P < 0.01), relative PP (r = .934,

P < 0.01), AP (r = .884, P < 0.05), relative AP

(r = .841, P < 0.05), D

max

(r = .859, P < 0.01).

Concentration of La after the 2

half correlated

with P-VO

2max

(r = -.946, P < 0.01) and P

170

(r = -.898, P < 0.01).

HR at 150 W during stress test correlated with

the following indices of Wingate test: PP (r = -.518,

P < 0.05), AP (r = .-628, P < 0.01), AP/kg (r = -.640,

P < 0.01), HR

max

at interval running field test (r =

.564, P < 0.05) and La concentration after the 2

half (r = -.967, P < 0.01); HR

max

during interval

running field test correlated well with HR

mean

during

the game (r = .816, P < 0.05).

Moreover, we found the following relationship

of external load indicators between HIIT-test and

measurements obtained during the soccer game:

distance covered in the first half of the game

correlated with the total distance in HIIT-test (ΣD)

(r = .628, P < 0.05) and D

max

(r = .629, P < 0.05);

distance covered in the second half of the game

correlated with ΣD (r = -.889, P < 0.05), D

max

(r = -.746, P < 0.05), D

min

(minimum distance

covered per interval) (r = -.929, P < 0.05).

The internal load indicators of the same tests also

showed a good correlation. RPE after the 2

half

correlated with RPE of HIIT-test (r = .71, P < 0.05);

max

during HIIT-test correlated well with HR

mean

during the game (r = .82, P < 0.05) and HR

max

during

the game (r = .63, P < 0.05).

Figure 3 demonstrates the relation between the

rate of the perceived exertion during the game and

maximum oxygen consumption. One can see that the

higher VO

2max

was the lower rate of exertion athletes

had after the game. Thus better abilities of oxygen

consumption, transport and utilization in young

soccer players provide them with better physical

load tolerance during the game.

Figure 3: Graph, describing relations between the rate of

the perceived exertion (RPE) after the game and maximum

oxygen consumption (VO

2max

4 CONCLUSIONS

1. Complex testing of soccer players aged 12-13

in laboratory and field condition revealed very good

(better-than-average) physical preparedness of

athletes. The fitness indicators of the young soccer

players in tested group corresponded to the general

patterns of athletes’ development of age mates in

soccer. Currently there is a negative trend of poor

cardiovascular development in young players that

causes low aerobic abilities. The roots of this

problem go far beyond the training process. But the

inability to allocate time for replenishment of this

component in the training process provokes a chain

reaction of fitness underdevelopment that will lead

to pathological changes in the functional system and

early withdrawal from sports in the near future.

High fitness level of young players is a good

basis for the further harmonious development of

athletes that will provide the best conditions for the

development and manifestation of technical and

tactical skills. Nevertheless, in future it is necessary

to pay special attention to development of

cardiovascular system, since it will be the limiting

factor of exercise performance.

2. Wingate cycle test parameters in young

soccer players aged 12-13 were described in detail

for the first time. There are significant interrelations

between indicators of physical state, obtained from

the various types of laboratory and field tests. As

major physiologic parameters during the game

correlate with the indicators from laboratory and

field tests, these easy reproducible and accessible

tests can be widely used in training control of young

soccer players.

3. A close interrelation of indicators of

external and internal load in the field test and the

soccer game allows asserting the optimality of the

application of the HIIT-test for testing the

preparedness of young players. A short test time in

contrast to the duration of the game allows one to

assess comprehensively the physical preparedness of

a player without use of additional sophisticated

technical equipment.

4. The complex testing used in this study is

optimal and provides comprehensive information

about the functional state and physical fitness of

soccer players. Laboratory and field tests fully

complement each other, have clear evaluation

criteria and contribute to sport science and training

and testing practice.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The work was supported by Act 211 Government of

the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006

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