Physical and Psychophysiological

Profiles of Sub-elite Basketball Players

Novel Approach to Complex Testing

Anna Zakharova, Kamiliia Mekhdieva and Svetlana Kondratovitch

Institute of Physical Education, Sport and Youth Policy, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia

B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Keywords: Sub-elite Basketball Players, Complex Testing, Physical, Psychological and Physiological Profiles.

Abstract: Basketball is a very demanding sport. Game effectiveness depends on a large number of physical and

psychological abilities, technical competence, etc. Thus appropriate comprehensive complex approach to

laboratory testing and its data interpretation play a considerable role in suggestion the proper training

prescription and schedule. The aim of the proposed study was to choose appropriate and accessible

laboratory testing methods and present their results. Fourteen professional male basketball players aged

24.8±5.4 years underwent bioimpedance analysis of body composition, maximal cycling test,

hemodynamics monitoring, Wingate-test, jump performance analysis and psychophysiologic tests. These

allowed to define the physical and psychophysiologic profiles of athletes. It was revealed, that (i) athletes

had low percentage of fat (10.3±4.7 %) and high level of muscle mass (85.4±4.5 %); (ii) excellent volume

heart parameters (SV – 137.00±19.93 ml) and low RHR – 49.08±6.56 bpm; iii) lowered VO

2max

47.52±6.14

ml/kg/min, P-VO

2max

– 4.13±0.58 W/kg; (iiii) lower than expected strength abilities – peak power of arms –

6,47 ±0,87 W/kg and relative maximal power of legs – 42,17±4,22 W/kg, respectively. The obtained data

provided with valuable information for further improvement of training process.

1 INTRODUCTION

Professional basketball is a challenging kind of

sports. It is critically important to consider a wide

range of aspects for its demands evaluation

(Ransone, 2016):

• Anthropometric features and body

composition;

• Strength, power and agility, as they are

valuable predictors of success in team

sports and basketball in particular.

• Anaerobic abilities, as basketball is an

intermittent sport with specific significant

anaerobic metabolism.

• Aerobic abilities, as a player may run about

three miles during the game.

Success in basketball requires adequate and

appropriate complex control of physical,

physiologic, psychological and specific skills

changes in athletes. Based on mentioned above, the

main objectives of athletes’ complex control in

professional basketball are as follows:

• To understand the profile of successful

basketball players (Ostojic et al., 2006) and

reveal the individual strong and weak

points in order to improve the quality of

trainings.

• To obtain the detailed information on

physical and psychophysiological

characteristics of athletes from the tests for

considering during planning athletes’ daily

practice, week schedule or even long-term

programme to improve the quality of

training (Ziv and Lidor, 2009).

• To provide appropriate control in order to

promote prevention of overreaching and

overtraining, as minimizing risk factors

significantly impact on higher sports

achievements in basketball.

According to revised data numerous studies of

various research groups worldwide had been

performed to reveal physiological, physical,

psychological etc. features and profiles of

professional basketball players (Ziv and Lidor, 2009;

Thomas and Nelson, 2005; Krustrup et al., 2006;

Zakharova A., Mekhdieva K. and Kondratovitch S.

Physical and Psychophysiological Proﬁles of Sub-elite Basketball Players - Novel Approach to Complex Testing.

DOI: 10.5220/0006585401320139

In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support (icSPORTS 2017), pages 132-139

ISBN: 978-989-758-269-1

Bed Abdelkrim et al., 2007). Meanwhile, according

to existing data, a number of limitations of currently

used control in basketball have been highlighted.

The proposed study was focused on development

of accessible comprehensive control of athletes,

covering most of important aspects in basketball. In

particular, we evaluated anthropometric and body

composition parameters, aerobic and anaerobic

abilities, cardiovascular functional state, strength

and power abilities and psychophysiological

indicators. The obtained complete information

ultimately is extremely important and accessible for

coaches, athletic trainers and sports practitioners in

basketball.

Professional basketball club “Uralmash”

(Yekaterinburg, Russia) recruited for the study was

renovated in 2016 to take part in Super League of

Russian Basketball. “Uralmash” was a well-known

professional basketball club with more than 50 years

old history with 20 resounding victories in Soviet

and Russian basketball championships. So the

challenging task was set for coaches and players – to

win the Super League 2 Cup 2016/2017 in order to

join Super League 1 and compete for entering

United League VTB (the highest Russian National

Basketball League).

2 ORGANIZATION AND

METHODS

Subjects. Fourteen healthy male professional

basketball players (mean age 24.8±5.4 years, height

198.4±7.9 cm, weight 94.3±13.3 kg) of the team

“Uralmash” were recruited for the study. The

participants of the study had more than 10 years of

sport experience in basketball. Eight athletes

previously played for teams from Super League 1

and VTB United league. During the season

participants of the study practice on a daily basis,

once or twice a day, have 40 games and

approximately 5 to 10 friendly matches, 3 to 5

National Cup games. All tested subjects were free of

cardiovascular or any other chronic disease. The

investigation conforms to the principles of the

Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical

Association. Athletes involved in the study had been

provided with comprehensive information on the

procedures, methods, benefits and possible risks

before their written consent was obtained. The study

was approved by the Ural Federal University Ethics

Committee.

All laboratory tests were conducted in the

research laboratory “Sports and health technologies”

of the Institute of Physical education, sports and

youth policy, Ural Federal University.

2.1 Anthropometric Measurements

Anthropometric features, body composition, height

and lean muscle mass in particular are commonly

considered in most type of sports, contributing into

success prediction in different sports. Notably

changes in body composition can be achieved

through both adequate training and proper nutrition

strategy (Ransone, 2016).

Weight and segment body composition were

measured with the use of the MC-980MA Plus Multi

Frequency Segmental Body Composition Monitor

(TANITA, Japan) based on the advanced Bioelectric

Impedance Analysis (BIA) technology. The

following parameters were registered: body mass

(kg), body mass index (BMI), muscle mass –

absolute and relative (kg; %), absolute and relative

fat mass (kg; %), fat free mass (kg), bone mass (kg),

separately lean mass of the trunk, upper and lower

extremities (kg).

2.2 Hemodynamics Measurements

The hemodynamic monitor MARG 10-01

"MicroLux" (Chelyabinsk, Russia) functioning is

based on such noninvasive methods of hemo-

dynamic monitoring as impedance cardiography and

spectrophotometry, electro-cardiogram monitoring,

reography and central hemodynamics monitoring.

Before data recording all subjects were at rest in

supine position during 10 minutes. The active

orthostatic test (in the Shellong modification) and

active klinostatic test (Danielopolu test) were carried

out. So the combined orthoklinostatic test included 5

stages:the rest stage (at supine – 2 min); transition to

the vertical position;standing position – 2.5 min;

transition from the vertical position to the supine

position and supine position (2.5 minutes).

All measured indicators of the central

hemodynamics were automatically registered with

beat-to-beat record. To investigate the functional

state of basketball players we chose the most

informative for sport practice hemodynamic

parameters and their indices (Shishkina, 2013): heart

rate (HR, bpm), stroke volume (SV, ml), end-

diastolic volume (EDV, ml), stroke index (SI,

ml/m

) and end-diastolic index (EDI, ml/m

) which

are the ratio of stroke volume and end-diastolic

volume to the body surface area in square meters

and ejection fraction (EF, %).

2.3 Maximal RAMP Cycling Test

Aerobic performance testing was performed with the

use of a bicycle ergometer ERG 911S (Schiller AG,

Switzerland) and a desktop metabolic monitor

Fitmate PRO (COSMED, Italy). Maximal ramp

protocol was applied according to ACC/AHA 2002

guideline update for exercise testing (2006). The test

started from the load of 0 W during warm-up stage

(1 min) with further load increase (40 W per

minute). It was recommended to keep the cadence

about 80 rpm. The test was considered to have been

performed at a maximal level of effort in case of: (1)

the inability of the subject to maintain the expected

cadence (80 rpm) despite verbal inciting; (2) refusal

to continue the test due to subjective exhaustion of

the muscles; (3) the appearance of absolute medical

indicators.

The used portable device allowed to record the

following parameters starting with the first 1 min

warm-up stage and continuously during exercise

testing: oxygen uptake (VO

, ml/kg/min), heart rate

(HR, bpm), stated exercise load (P, W), volume of

ventilation (Ve, l/min), and respiration rate

(Rf, 1/min).

Measurements of indices of gas-exchange during

stress test gave an important information on athletes’

aerobic capacity (Vilikus, 2012) and accurate values

of metabolic changes under stress conditions:

2max

, anaerobic threshold (AT) and its relation to

2max

(%).

A combination of the obtained physiologic

characteristics during stress test provided with

comprehensive information about integral response

of respiratory apparatus, muscles and cardiovascular

systems to exercise load. In other words, it allowed

estimating not only oxygen uptake, transport and

utilization, but also efficiency of respiration at a

maximal level of effort (Ve

max

, l/min – maximal

volume of ventilation per minute; Rf

max

, 1/min –

maximal respiration rate; V

max

– maximal volume of

one inspiration) and muscle strength of athletes

(P-VO

2max

– the power reached at VO

2max

). These

indicators are considered as maximal individual for

this certain type of test.

2.4 Arm Cycling Wingate Test

Cycling Wingate test was conducted with the use of

the ergometer TOP EXCITE 700 MD (TechnoGym,

Italy). Anaerobic power measures were obtained

using arm cycling Wingate anaerobic test, and

included peak power (PP, W), relative PP (W/kg),

average power (AP

) and its relative value (AP

W/kg).

2.5 Performance Analyses for Vertical

Jumps

Performance analysis for vertical jumps is widely

used tests in power and sprint sports (Ntai, 2017,

Van Hooren, 2017). There were many ways to

obtain data about the aspects of jumps parameters

(Lara, 2006, Ntai, 2017, Van Hooren, 2017) but

nowadays due to high speed jumping dynamics force

plates are the demandable instruments to describe

fast sport movement quantitatively. Kistler

(Switzerland) - the leader in the field of sport

performance analysis – uses piezoelectric sensors to

measure forces and moments for sports and

performance analysis. The more sensitive the force

plate is, the more precise and reliable data are

obtained.

The purposes of this part of study were (1) to

obtain descriptive data about maximal anaerobic

power output of the lower extremities with a force

platform from countermovement jump (CMJ) and

squat jump (SJ) performed by basketball players and

(2) to define issues in muscle realization of jumping

that is the important component of basketball.

Professional basketball players made three CMJs

jumps and three SJs and the highest jumps of each

player were analyzed. They were instructed to

perform the jumps with maximum effort. All data

were collected using two Kistler Jump force plates

(type 9269AA3) with 64-channel block for data

processing 5695B. MARS Software was used. We

were interested in the jump height (cm), relative

maximal power (W/kg), push off time (s) and

impulse (Ns) in CMJ and SJ.

2.6 Psychophysiological Tests

The choice of diagnostic methods for the study of

psychophysiological features of the nervous system

was determined by the specifics of sports activities

of basketball players. The

capabilities of the

computer complex "NS-PsycheTest" ("NeuroSoft”,

Russia) were used to identify a simple visual-motor

reaction, reaction to a Moving Object and abilities

for high intensive work.

2.6.1 A Simple Visual-motor Reaction

During testing of a simple visual-motor reaction

(Zimkina, 1978) seventy red light signals were

shown consistently to athletes. The signals appear at

a different time interval, so that the reflex was not

formed. The first 5-7 signals were "trial" and

intended for adaptation of the subject. When a signal

appears, the examinee must press the button as soon

as possible, trying to avoid mistakes such as a

prematurely pressing of the button or a skip of the

signal.

The following indicators were determined:

1. Time of visual-motor reaction and subject’s

quality of the reaction to the stimulus (M,

ms);

2. Equilibrium of nerve processes and stability

of sensorimotor reactions (SD, ms);

3. Level of functional capabilities (LFC). The

criterion reflects the ability of athletes to

form an adequate functional system and to

maintain it (Mantrova, 2007).

2.6.2 Reaction to a Moving Object

Reaction to a Moving Object is a complex sensor

motor reaction that includes a response to a specific

signal – visual alignment of two moving objects.

On their monitors, the subjects were shown a

circle on which there were two marks at different

intervals, changing the position from presentation to

presentation. The circle was filled in a clockwise

rotation. The athlete had to press the button of the

analyzer at the moment when the fill reached the

second mark.

Processing of the results was made by comparing

of the number of advanced and delayed reactions.

Level of the excitation and inhibition processes of

the nervous system was estimated on the basis of the

diagnostic results.

2.6.3 Express-method "Tapping Test"

Express-method "Tapping test" (Ilyin, 2005) is

reflecting overall performance and strength of the

nervous processes. The test was carried out using

two special instruments: «pencil» and “a rubber

platform”. The athlete was instructed to tap the

platform with the maximum possible frequency for

30 seconds.

Processing of the results was made by counting

the number of movements performed in each of the

five-second intervals of the test. Based on the

obtained results a graph was built which

characterized the overall performance of the subject

and the strength of the nervous processes (Figure 1):

1. Strong nervous system is characterized by

increasing in the rate of movement in the first

15 seconds by more than 10%; then the rate

decreases to the original (± 10%).

2. Nervous system of medium strength:

movement rate is kept at the same level with

fluctuations of ± 10% throughout the test.

3. Weakness of the nervous system is indicated

by the descending type of the line. The

maximum number of movements is

established during the first five-second

interval, then the rate of movement decreases

by more than 10%.

4. If the athlete has a medium-weak nervous

system, the maximum number of movements

is established during the first two to three

five-second intervals, then the rate of

movement falls.

5. Medium-strong nervous system tends to show

a decrease at the beginning of testing, then a

short-term increase in the rate to the initial

level (± 10%).

Figure 1: Graphic representation of the individual-

typological features of the nervous system.

2.7 Statistical Analysis

Statistical analysis was performed with the use of

statistic software package “SPSS Statistics 17.0”

(IBM). We used descriptive analysis of the obtained

data in order to estimate basic functional status of

athletes. Normality of distribution was assessed by

the Shapiro-Wilk test. Mean value (M), standard

deviation (SD), minimum and maximal values of the

measured parameters were calculated. This enabled

us to describe the physical, physiologic and

psychological profiles of studied athletes.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The detailed descriptive data on body composition

and anthropometric measurements of sub-elite

basketball players (Table 1) show that generally

studied athletes are tall have low percentage of fat

and high index of lean mass. High value of lean

mass in studied athletes is undoubtedly an advantage

and may serve as a proof of appropriate sports

selection as well as proper training and nutrition.

Table 1: Anthropometric and body composition analysis

of sub-elite basketball players.

Parameters M±SD (min-max)

Height, cm 198.4±7.9 185-210

Body mass, kg 93.3±13.3 74.2-123

Body mass index 24±2.1 21.6-28.3

MM, kg 80.3±11.1 57.1-102.4

MM, % 85.4±4.5 75.4-91.3

Fat mass, kg 9.8±5.0 3.1-22.6

Fat mass, % 10.3±4.7 4-20.7

Bone mass, kg 4.1±0.5 3.0-5.2

MM trunk, kg

42.9±5.4

31-51.1

MM right hand, kg 5.3±1 2.8-7

MM left hand, kg 5.2±1 2.8-7.2

MM right leg, kg 13.4±1.95 10.4-18.4

MM left leg, kg 13.5±2 10.1-18.7

MM – muscle mass.

Notably, all studied athletes had good body

balance (comparison of left and right composition

parameters of upper and lower extremities), as well

as high indices of muscle mass.

Results of hemodynamic monitoring (Table 2)

showed that average heart rate at rest at supine in

professional basketball players is lower than

athletes’ norm for sport games. What was more

surprising is the HR corresponding to that of high

performance endurance sport representatives in 5 of

14 examined basketball players. Excellent heart

volume parameters and indices of basketball players

are the guarantors of good tolerance to high intensity

load in training and competitive activities.

Active orthostatic test revealed higher deviation

of HR while standing up from the initial value at

supine (23.50±6.57 bmp) than it is should be in

athletes (less than 18). HR increase after transition

from supine to the vertical body position estimates

the quality of athlete adaptation to vertical position

and the action of physiological systems regulation.

The less ∆ (HR

standing

̶ HR

at supine

), the better

functioning of an athlete vascular system is. It is

worth mentioning that most athletes compete in a

vertical body position, hence it is necessary to take

into account not only RHR

at supine

as the majority of

medical protocols prescribe, but also HR standing

and heart volume parameters and indices in athletes

vertical position (Table 2). We were satisfied with

all hemodynamic parameters except ∆ (HR

standing

at supine

). There are several reasons of excessive

heart rate in basketball players while standing: (1)

high body height, (2) poor vascular adaptation to

vertical position, (3) insufficient recovery or fatigue.

Table 2: Hemodynamic parameters and indices in

basketball players (M±SD).

Hemodynamic

parameters and indices

Basketball

players

Athletic

norm

at supine

, beats/min 49.08±6.56 55

standing

, beats/min 72.58±7.72 65

∆HR

standing

̶ HR

at supine

beats/min

23.50±6.57 <18

at supine

, ml 137.00±19.93 >120

standing

, ml 103.42±17.35 >100

at supine 1

, ml/сm

68.7±7.23 >70

standing

ml/сm

49.58±6.05 –

EDI

at supine position

, ml/сm

108.42±7.39 >100

EDI

standing

, ml/сm

89.25±7.79

HR – heart rate; SV – stroke volume; SI – stroke index; EDI –

end-diastolic index.

We also found that average HR before the

cycling test measured sitting on cycle ergometer was

higher than the sports norm (Table 3).

Table 3: Stress-test parameters of sub-elite basketball

players.

Parameters M±SD (min-max) Athlete

norm

2max

ml/kg/min

47.52±6.14 (38.4-63.5) 55

HR before the

test, bpm

78±7.48 (64-92) 70

max,

bpm 163±13.8 (143-188) 180-195

P-VO

2max

, W 383.7±53.1 (310-500) >450

P-VO

2max

W/kg

4.13±0.58 (3.3-5.1) >5

max

, l/min 145.3±36.4 (91-210) 160-180

AT, %VO

2max

77.8±7.1 (66-88)

METS 13±1.16 (11-15) >17.5

HR – heart rate; P-VO2max - power reached at VO2max;

P-VO2max/kg – relative maximum power at P-VO2max; VO2 –

oxygen consumption; Vemax – maximal volume of ventilation

per minute; AT – anaerobic threshold.

Obtained from the cycling test data demonstrate

that most of the measured parameters varied within a

wide range in the studied group. Although mean

values of VO

2max

corresponded to physiologic norm

in reference to age and gender for healthy subjects, it

was lower than the one for elite basketball players

(Ziv and Lidor, 2009) reported in most studies as

2max

= 50-60 ml/kg/min (Tavino et al., 1995;

Gosentas et al., 2004).

Strength abilities of basketball player legs were

lower than we expected. Power index (P-VO

2max/kg

W/kg

) was good but not excellent. HR

max

was lower

than athletic norm that means predominant heart

development over the muscle system of sub-elite

basketball players.

Meanwhile, some studies (Hoffman, 2003)

revealed that increase in aerobic capacities may not

increase game performance in basketball. However,

it is assumed that anaerobic threshold is the most

sensitive and reliable indicator for basketball

players. According to data from numerous

researches, the average oxygen uptake during the

game is about 64.7% for male basketball players

(Narazaki, 2008). Thus, increase of AT to realistic

70% may benefit in using more aerobic pathways

and eventually result in minimizing fatigue during

games. (Ziv and Lidor, 2009).

The obtained data from stress-test in our study

showed that mean value of AT of basketball players

corresponded to high level of aerobic metabolism.

This fact is critically important in evaluation of

physical profile of sub-players, as it serves as a

proof of appropriate aerobic state, as in professional

basketball impact of AT is significantly higher, than

absolute values of VO

2max

As power and acceleration abilities are of great

importance in sport games and both arms and legs

are involved in specific movement realization we

consider to analyze power abilities in arms and legs

in basketball players. The results of arm cycling

Wingate test (Table 4) reveal the wide range of peak

power in sub-elite basketball players, low relative

PP and high level of fatigue.

Table 4: Arm Wingate-test parameters of sub-elite

basketball players.

Parameters M±SD (min-max)

PP, W 570.5 ± 141.6 (440-780)

PP, w/kg 6.47 ±0.87 (5.5-7.8)

, W 417.16 ± 93.29 (299-528)

, W/kg 4.76 ± 0.64 (3.52-5.28)

Fatigue, % 52.5 ± 15.82 (30-72)

, s 6.67 ± 2.54 (4-10)

PP – peak power; AP – average power; t

, - time of PP

attainment.

Performance analysis for vertical jumps

(Table 5) revealed lesser CMJ performance than

physical education students (34.6±4.3cm, Lara,

2006) and elite and sub-elite fencers (30.1 ± 7.4 cm,

Ntai, 2017). CNJ performance is almost always

better than SJ performance (Van Hooren, 2017) and

in examined basketball players SJ height is better

than one of CMJ but no significant difference was

found in CMJ and SJ parameters except push off

time. The last peculiarity of vertical jumps

performance in basketball players may root from

specific technique of basketball jumps as well as

insufficient power and strength determined through

maximal cycling testing and arm Wingate-test.

Table 5: Maximal anaerobic power of the lower

extremities of basketball players (M±SD (min-max).

Parameters CMJ SJ

Height jump, cm 28.55 ±4.49

(16.2-33.1)

30.08±5.66

(17.6-40.4)

Relative max

power, W/kg

42.17±4.22

(33.91-49.13)

42.96±4.89

(33.22-49.7 )

Push off time, s 0.326 ±0.037

(0.246-0.367)

0.475 ±0.047**

(0.394-0.554 )

Impulse, Ns 225.91±32.75

(175.8-295.2 )

229.45±34.60

(181.1-308.5)

**Significant differences between CMJ and SJ parameters P <

0.01.

The results of simple visual-motor reaction

(SVMR) of basketball players (Table 6) were in the

upper norm of individuals not engaged in

professional sports.

As we can see from the obtained results,

steadiness of attention concentration differ

significantly from the mean statistical values of not

engaged in professional sports healthy people. The

reaction rate and the functional level capabilities

also indicate the predominance in motor reactions in

professional athletes.

Table 6: SVMR characteristics of sub-elite basketball

players.

Parameters

M±SD

(min-max)

Norm

Reaction time, ms

195.88±8.48

(174.18-284.17)

193-233

Stability of response,

35.91±1.97

(16.72-49.8)

23-97

Steadiness of attention

concentration, c.u.

0.07±0.02

(0.00-0.21)

0.08-0.15

Functional level, c.u.

4.04±0.17

(4.99 – 2.97)

4.2-3.0

The SVMR results analysis (Figure 2) reflects

the high reacting speed in 67 % of team members,

25% of the players showed average level of response

reaction and one athlete demonstrated low reaction.

The indicator of functional level of basketball

players is in the mid range and it is optimal for

implementation of sports activity (Zimkina, 1978).

Only 8% of basketball players demonstrate inertia in

gaming and have a low functionality level (2.97 c.u.)

that might lead to an increase in the number of

erroneous actions.

Figure 2: SVMR results of basketball team athletes, %.

The study of response strategies (Park et al.,

2011) pointed out a significance of processes

management in gaming activity.

A balanced version of the inhibitory and

excitatory process is revealed in 50% of basketball

players (Figure 3) 33.3% of the subjects demonstrate

the predominance of excitatory process in their

nervous systems, at the same time 16.7% of the

subjects demonstrate the inhibitory process. The

results indicate the success of the activities in

difficult conditions that require rapid response. So,

athletes engaged in high-intensity game sports have

predominant process of excitation of nervous

systems because intensive, high-speed gaming

activity presupposes actions for anticipation.

Figure 3: The results of reactions to a moving object

(RMO) in basketball players, %.

Success rate of basketball players is higher in

subjects with stable and strong nervous system

types. The results of Tapping test method

(Ilyin, 2005) made it possible to determine nervous

system type of the subjects (Figure 4). The team was

practically homogeneous. 70% have a medium-weak

type of nervous system, which indicates good

tolerance to intensive physical activity. Only 7% of

the subjects are characterized by a weak type of

nervous system.

Figure 4: Types of nervous systems in basketball

players, %.

Such athletes are emotional susceptible and

prone to stress. 23% of the subjects possess the

ability to fulfill the stated tasks under stress

successfully.

4 CONCLUSIONS

1. Complex testing of sub-elite basketball players

includes high-tech, though accessible methods:

bioimpedance analysis for anthropometric and body

composition evaluation, maximal stress cycling

testing with gas-exchange measurements for

estimation of aerobic capacities, hemodynamics

monitoring for evaluation of cardiovascular

functional state, arm Wingate test and performance

analysis for vertical jumps to define strength output

of upper and lower extremities, psychophysiological

computer tests for estimation of abilities to perform

fast and situational challenging physical actions in

team sport.

2. We found that: (i) generally athletes had low

percentage of fat (10.3±4.7 %) and high index of

muscle mass (85.4±4.5 %); (ii) the following

parameters of aerobic capacity in studied basket-ball

players were obtained: mean value of VO

2max

47.52±6.14 ml/kg/min, Ve – 145.3±36.4 l/min,

P-VO

2max

– 4.13±0.58 W/kg, AT equal to 77.8±7.1

%VO2max; (iii) lower than expected strength

abilities of athletes – peak power of arms – 6.47

±0.87 W/kg and relative maximal power of legs in

countermovement jumps – 42.17±4.22 W/kg,

respectively.

3. Monitoring of psychophysiological features of

athletes showed that sub-elite basketball players are

characterized by good reaction time (195.88±8.48

ms), predominance of balance and excitation in their

nervous systems and following nervous system

types: a medium-weak type (70%), medium-strong

type (23%) and weak type (7%).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The work was supported by Act 211 Government of

the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006.

Authors thank Kistler company and its

representatives in Russia for productive scientific

cooperation within the walls of Ural Federal

University.

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