The Analysis of Women Role’s in the Small Industry to Family

Economic Stability

Wenni Anggita

University of Bangka Belitung

Keywords: Women, empowerment, small industry and family economic stability.

Abstract: This research combines a quantitative and qualitative approach so that in this research the analytical approach

uses descriptive mix method. It is intended that this research can touch on things that are not likely to be found

by statistical analysis. This research combines sociology and economic science in general, it can be seen from

the issues raised in this study that examines women role’s in the small industry that will be combined with

the matching family economy. The results of this study showed that the role of women in the small industry

is very impact on the family economic stability. In addition, the benefits perceived by the small industry is

improving the economy in Sungai Selan Village. The full support of the government also helps in this process

of empowering women toward economically independent women who will improve the family economic

stability.

1 INTRODUCTION

The issue of women arose because of the patriarchal

culture. In the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

states that patriarchy is a society, a system, or a

country that is ruled or controlled by men (2000).

Where every power in a patriarchal society is

controlled by men. Women have little or no influence

in society or can be said to have no rights in the

common areas of society. They are economically,

socially, politically, and psychologically dependent

on men, especially in marriage institutions. So that in

the family and society women are placed in a

subordinate or inferior position. According to Madsen

the work of women only on domestic territory, taking

care of husbands, being a mother by taking care of her

children. Domestic roles are attached to the figure of

women by people who embrace the patriarchal

system (2000).

Essentially, women are the foundation of the

household. Women must be smart so they can give

birth and educate their children to be smart. Women

should receive equal treatment and rights. Especially

for housewives, work at home is very heavy and if

treated unfairly there will be imbalance of human

rights. Women's active participation in every

development process will accelerate the achievement

of development goals as it sees more female

population than men not only in Indonesia but also

around the world. Lack of role of women, will slow

the development process or even women can become

the burden of development itself.

Mello and Schmink (2016) in their research

entitled "Amazon entrepreneurs: Women's economic

empowerment and the potential for more sustainable

land use practices" show that women's economic

empowerment contributes to their household

economy. It also raises their awareness of

environmental issues and improvements in practices

used to manage forest resources, access to resources

and the power to make decisions about land use.

Other research on women empowerment, among

others Mualif Research (2012) conducted in the

village of Andongrejo found that the role of women

farmers in this village enhanced the village economic

sector in general. Maya's research (2012) on women's

issues in the family economy in Mlangi village

explains that the role of women not only performs the

domestic role but also the public role that aims to

assist the husband in meeting the family's economic

needs.

In Sungai Selan, Central Bangka Regency, there

are 181 home-based businesses that become the

economic roots of the village. This figure is based on

756

Anggita, W.

The Analysis of Women Role’s in the Small Industry to Family Economic Stability.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Economic Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2017), pages 756-759

ISBN: 978-989-758-308-7

survey results conducted in November 2016

conducted by the Women's Empowerment Agency of

Central Bangka, but based on the results of surveys

and observations of researchers the figure can still

increase. The perpetrators of household industries in

Sungai Selan villages of Central Bangka Regency

have become one of the pilot villages for the Tri End

Program of the Ministry of Women's Empowerment

of the Republic of Indonesia, which makes women

more independent, active and creative.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Winarti et al (2008) says that shifting changes or

precisely the values of socio-culture that develops in

society make women have a responsibility to his role

as mother and wife. In addition women realize that

their presence in the home industry is very helpful to

the family economy. As mentioned earlier, changes to

the economic system in these societies have led to

changes in the economic allocation of families. In this

case women change because the role of women in the

economic field also changes. This increase in work

participation not only affects the labor market

constellation, but also affects the welfare of women

themselves and the welfare of their families.

2.1 Liberal Feminism Theory

Liberal feminism wants a freedom for women from

oppression, patriarchal, and gender. This flow also

includes 2 (two) forms of political thought: Classical

Liberalism and Welfare Liberalism; Classical

Liberals believe that ideally, the state must safeguard

the freedom of its people, and also give individuals

the opportunity to determine its ownership. On the

other hand, Welfare Liberalism, believes that the state

should focus on economic justice rather than the

conveniences for civil liberties. They consider

government programs such as social security and

school freedom as a way to reduce injustice in social

society. Both classical and Welfare Liberalism

believe that government interference in their personal

lives is not necessary.

2.2 Women as Drivers of Economic

Growth

Women's participation in economic growth not only

reduces poverty among women, but also as a solid

foundation in other sectors. In world economic

growth for example, women contribute more than

90% of their income to the health, education and

welfare sectors of the family (www.neraca.co.id).

Former Minister for Women's Empowerment and

Child Protection, Linda Amalia Sari Gumelar said

that women are an asset and a tremendous potential

to reduce poverty, realize development, peace and

security. If women are empowered economically and

intellectually, it will be very effective for the

development of society and nation. However, to

overcome the increasingly complex problems of

women, the government cannot work alone. As part

of efforts to improve women's welfare, it is necessary

to empower women by conducting various training

and guidance to create independence among women.

2.3 Hypothesis

This study will analyze the role of women in the small

industry in family economic stability after

empowerment. In addition, in this study not only

analyze quantitatively but also will see the other side

of the role of women and the extent of their role in

various fields in improving the economic resilience of

the family. So the hypothesis raised in this study are:

Ha : The Role of Women Empowerment in Small

Industry Will Increase Family Economic

Stability.

3 METHODS

This research uses mix method approach with 181

samples of women who do small industry in Sungai

Selan Village registered in Women Empowerment

and Child Protection Agency in Central Bangka.

Stage 1: Quantitative test classic assumption test

and hypothesis test.

Stage 2: Qualitative test data reduction, data

display, conclusion drawing and verification.

The population that will be used in this research

is all women who already married in Sungai Selan

sub-district of Central Bangka Regency. While the

research samples to be used are married women who

already have a household business registered in the

Agency for Women Empowerment and Child

Protection in Central Bangka Regency as many as

181 respondents. Respondents will be given a

questionnaire to fill in some questions that have been

made. From the results of the questionnaire will be

analyzed further so as to produce concrete data.

The Analysis of Women Role’s in the Small Industry to Family Economic Stability

757

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Quantitative Result

The results showed that the women role’s in small

industry was very able to improve the family

economic stability. The women role variables affect

the family economic stability. This is supported by

the value with t count 9424> t table 0.67586, so that

the only hypothesis proposed in this research is

accepted.

The results showed that the role of women

strongly supports family economic stability. These

results support research conducted by Mello and

Schmink (2016) which also states that women's

economic empowerment contributes to their

household economy. But the results of this study do

not support research conducted by Indriyani (2005)

which states that women play a small role in the

development of batik industry in Banyumas Regency

which in this case is more influenced by aspects of

institutional development than the aspect of

community development. Such specific female roles

can be found in small industries with characteristics

that still rely on women as production machines.

4.2 Qualitative Result

In addition to the 12 point statement submitted, the

respondent also answered 5 questions. The first

question concerning the age of business that was

involved by the mothers in Sungai Selan Village

Sungai Selan District, Central Bangka Regency. Of

the 181 respondents, it is seen that the age of the

business that has matured in the sense that has fallen

down to home-based business no more than 40%.

4.2.1 The Barriers of Small Industry

The second question posed in this questionnaire is

about obstacles in wrestling small industry. From the

results of in depth interviews conducted, it can be

concluded that capital is not a major obstacle in doing

business. The obstacle felt by the respondents is the

market competition, which in Sungai Selan Village

there are many businesses with the same type. Call it

a typical snack market or food, business people,

especially women in this village must be smart and

follow the trend. Another barrier perceived by

business actors is the financial management that they

have not fully understood. So that the bookkeeping of

income and expenditure they are done simply and still

mixed with household finances. This is difficult

because of their lack of knowledge about sound

financial management.

4.2.2 The Benefits of Small Industry

Most of the family heads in Sungai Selan Village are

livelihoods as fishermen. As we know that the job as

a fisherman is not too promising even more to meet

the needs of life which is getting bigger day. From the

data obtained it can be concluded that the work or

business that is involved by these mothers helps the

family economy and provides employment for other

neighbors. The great benefits of this home-based

business are felt by Ms. Y (Initial), who has been a

widow for 13 years. Without doing this home-based

business, the two children will not be able to get

education even up to college.

The results of this study in line with research

conducted by sujarwati (2013) which states that the

role of Housewives in improving family economic

welfare in Kampung Pujokusuman RW 05 is not

limited to her role as Housewife, but how they also

act as mothers, wives, community members and as a

motivator in his family to be able to improve the

economic welfare of the family. Then also various

reasons that require Housewives in Pujokusuman

Village to work, such as husband not working, single

parent, the low income of the husband, thus making

the Housewife must struggle with work in order to

improve the economic welfare of the family.

5 CONCLUSIONS

In testing the results of the hypothesis based on the

calculation results can be said the role of women in

the household industry will increase the economic

resilience of the family. This is not only based on the

results of hypothesis testing with quantitative

analysis, but from the qualitative approach based on

the questions asked to the respondents to get the same

results where the role of women in the household

industry can increase the family economy

significantly. The women in the Sungai Selan Village

make this home industry for generations and even the

business is no longer done for the sake of earning a

living but rather from their own hobby.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research can be carried out with the help of

various parties. Especially those who are willing to

ICEEE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Economic Education and Entrepreneurship

758

take the time to fill in the questionnaire, give their

opinion on what the government should do to

empower Indonesian women. Thanks to all those

involved in this research who have helped researchers

to complete this research. This research is expected to

be a useful reference for future research.

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