Jump Serve on Volleyball Survey

Muhamad Sazeli Rifki and Syafrizar Syafrizar

Deparement of Health and Recreation Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

msr_rifki@fik.unp.ac.id

Keywords: Jump Serve Skill, Elasticity, Arm Muscle Explosive Power, Self-Confidence, Volleyball Athlete.

Abstract: The jump serve skill is still one of the problems faced by west sumatera volleyball athletes. This is seen I the

results of the pre PON game in 2015 in sumatera where 35% of athletes did jump serve and the level of failure

in getting point was still 50%. There are several factors that ellegedly affects the skill of jump serve; elasticity,

explosive power of arm muscle and self-confidence. The purpose of this research is to find out: causal

relationship between endogenous variable, that is jump serve skill (Y), intervening variable that is self

confidence (X3). And two exogenous variables, namely the elasticity (X1) and arm muscle explosive power

(X2). The Method applied was survey method This research was analyzed by path analysis technigue (Path

Analysis) The population was all volleyball athletes of west sumatera. Data on elasticity were collected using

a bridge-up test, arm muscle explosive power was taken with overhead test of medicine ball throw,self

confidence data were taken with questionnaire and jump serve skill was taken with precision test, speed and

quality of jump serve (judge) technique. The results of this study conclude tht: (1) Elasticity directly affects

skill serve (py1 = 0,315); (2) The arm muscle explosive power directly affects the skill of jump serve(py2 =

0,534); (3) Self confidence directly affects skill serve (py3 = 0,310); (4) The elasticity directly affects the arm

muscle explosive power (Px21 = 0,288); (5) Elasticity directly affects self confidence (P31 = 0.264); (6) The

arm muscle explosive power directly affects the self confidence. (P32 = 0.271). As an effort to improve the

skill of jump serve, it is necessary to consider the dominant factor (the path coefficient is greater).

1 INTRODUCTION

Exercise is one means of human self-development,

through sports can improve performance. Bolavoli

has become a very popular sport by the world

community, especially the people of Indonesia. The

facts prove that the bolavoli is currently ranked

second in the most popular row of sports, after

football. No wonder if the game that uses this hand is

played almost by all circles.

One of the most dramatic skills in modern

volleyball is the spike serve, or jump serve, which

provides an interesting and dynamic skill for both the

player and the spectator, that the jump serve is one of

the weapons to get the first number in a game of

bolavoli and ultimately victory. In order to master

jump serving skills, it needs to be supported by

physical, technical and mental abilities.

Volleyball requires a physical element to support

a player's performance. Sajoto (1995: 10) As for the

physical elements in question include: strength,

endurance, speed, kelentuk, agility, balance,

accuracy, reaction, explosive power and

coordination. According to Rusli Lutan (2001: 25) to

perform a player jumping service requires

coordination, where coordination is the ability to

perform movements with various levels of difficulty

quickly and efficiently with full precision.

Coordination is required from the prefix, repulsion,

while hitting to the ground. In other words by having

motion coordination and supported with good

reargood formation, then the jump serve that

dillakukan will perfect the result as expected and the

required for the effectiveness of the movement.

As for the physical capabilities that support in the

success is the power of explosion (power) which is a

combination of elements of speed and strength that

will generate explosive power capabilities in jumps

and blows, it is seen in the implementation of the

jump serve, which required a high vertical upward

jump of muscle power limbs so the point of reach for

hitting the ball is higher and when touching the ball

with the ball requires muscle power of the arm so that

the hit ball falls on the opponent's field with a strong

and fast as well as the ball that hit the top and

produces a falling ball dive as it is hit at the highest

part of the jump.

Another factor an athlete should have at a jump

serve is the confidence. Sudibyo (2001: 86) states that

confidence if he is able and able to achieve certain

achievements; if the achievement is high then the

Rifki, M. and Syafrizar, S.

Jump Serve on Volleyball Survey.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2017) - Volume 1, pages 71-75

ISBN: 978-989-758-317-9

individual concerned more confident. This means that

the higher the level of confidence the athlete will be

more confident that the athlete will do the jump serve

as expected. The high self-esteem of the athlete, of

course, has a tendency to be self-controlled and can

place anxiety that emerges as a signal to be careful,

concentrated, and try to display the best serve,

ultimately with confidence and concentration. both

related to confidence when doing a jump serve.

Jump serve done by West Sumatra volleyball

athlete percentage is still an average of 35% in every

game and 50% failure in every game. This can be seen

from the implementation of the jump serve

performed, where the jump serve is not in accordance

with the intended direction or target, this factor is

pointed to some weak points, among others: arm

muscle explosive power, togok formation, hand eye

coordination and confidence.

Based on the data in the Provincial Board of

Volleyball Entire Indonesia West Sumatra, that it has

three times the National Sports Week West Sumatra

bolavoli team did not qualify and in other national

games West Sumatra bolavoli team did not qualify

from the pool elimination round. According to the

recapitulation of the match report from the coach, the

percentage of West Sumatra athletes error in the

match is still big on the top serve and jump serve that

is 25% from the error of other factors.

The low skill ability of jump serve at bolavoli

athletes can also be known from the evaluation of the

results of the match so far, where many athletes are

rushing to serve so the result is not good, in doing the

jump serve the bolavoli athlete is less confident in

doing it, whereas in the national level jump match

serve is the main weapon or main attack to get

numbers. In reality this jump serve has not been used

by the team of West Sumatra in the game to get points

or points.

Another factor, the athletes can master the

material well. Difficulties experienced by athletes in

general in the movement. This is probably due to the

low physical condition of an athlete determining the

skill of the jump serve. This is probably due to the

low level of explosive power of the arm muscles, the

formation, balance and coordination of the athlete, so

the athlete is not perfect in doing the jump serve. In

line with research by Sirirat Hirunrat and Onwaree

Ingkatecha (2015), the jump serves a powerful

offensive action widely used elite players.

Based on the above description, the researcher is

interested to examine the factors that influence the

jump volleyball skill, ie (1) the flexibility of the joints

to move the joints to the back so as to help the

movement and power for service, (2) the power of

arm muscle explosion focused on how strength and

speed of the ball in service, and (3) confident in

service at the point of faith, earnest and responsibility.

The purpose of this study is to determine the

causal relationship between endogenous variables,

namely skill serve (Y), intervening variable, ie self-

confidence (X3). And two exogenous variables,

namely the formation (X1), and arm muscle explosive

power (X2), which is to obtain empirical data and

answer the problems in this research and useful for

building science of sports science, especially

bolavoli.

2 METHODS

The method used in this research is survey method

with causality or study of causal effect among the

variables studied. The first variable is endogenous

variable, ie skill of jump serve atlet of bolavoli (Y),

the next variable is intervening variable, that is

confidence (X3). Two other variables belong to the

exogenous variables, namely the elasticity (X1), and

arm muscle explosive power (X2). This research was

analyzed by using statistic, with path analysis

technique (Path Analysis). Path Analysis Model is

used to analyze the relationship pattern between

variables with the aim to know the direct or indirect

effect of a set of independent variables (exogenous)

to the dependent variable (endogen).

The population in this study is all West Java

bolavoli athletes who qualify for the final of West

Sumatra Nagari match in 2015 as many as 8 teams

totaling 96 men athletes. Sample technique is done by

Sampling Purposive is a sample determination

technique based on certain considerations that

athletes who can perform and often use a jump serve

in the game. Together with Bridge Up (Kayang) data,

arm muscle explosive power data were taken with

overhead test of medicine ball trhow, confident data

were taken by questionnaire and skill serve jump was

tested with accuracy, speed and quality of jump serve

(judge) technique.

Data analysis techniques used in this study are as

follows: 1) Descriptive statistics, ie statistics assigned

only to obtain description or measurements of data in

hand, 2) test requirements analysis include: (a)

normality test data with Liliefors test; (b) linearity

test, 3) the correlation statistic is to give the values for

each variable in turn correlated with the values of the

complex variables, 4) path analysis to analyze the

relationship pattern among the variables.

ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In accordance with the results of this lane coefficient

calculation there is no path of influence discarded for

thitung> ttabel, as follows: (1) the results of the first

hypothesis testing, the coefficient of the direct

influence of togok gamut to skill serve serve 0.280

with thitung ¬ 2,125 and ttable of 1.675. Because the

value of t count is greater than ttable value, then the

test result decided to reject Ho hypothesis. This

means that there is a positive influence of the togok

formation of the jump serve skill, (2) the result of the

second hypothesis testing, the direct path coefficient

of arm muscle explosive power to the jump serve skill

0,534 with the thitung value 4,380 and the ttable value

of 1.675. Because the value of t count is greater than

ttable value, then the test result decided to reject Ho

hypothesis. This means that there is a direct positive

effect of arm muscle explosive power on skill serve

serve, (3) result of third hypothesis testing, coefficient

of direct influence of self confidence to skill serve

skill 0,310 with thitung value equal 2,262 and ttable

value equal to 1,675. Because the value of t count is

greater than ttable value, then the test result decided

to reject Ho hypothesis. This means that there is a

positive influence of confidence in the skill of jump

serve, (4) the result of the fourth hypothesis testing,

the coefficient of the direct influence of the togok's

velocity on the arm muscle explosive power of 0.288

with the thitung value of 2.176 and the ttable value of

1.675. Because the value of t count is greater than

ttable value, then the test result decided to reject Ho

hypothesis. This means that there is a positive

influence of togok formation on the arm muscle

explosive power, (5) the result of the fifth hypothesis

testing, the coefficient of the direct influence of the

togok to the confidence of 0.264 with the value of

tcount 1.896 and the ttable value of 1.675. Because

the value of t count is greater than ttable value, then

the test result decided to reject Ho hypothesis. This

means that there is a positive influence ongok togok

to confidence, and (6) the results of testing the sixth

hypothesis, the coefficient of the direct influence of

arm muscle explosive power to confidence of 0.315

with the value of thitung ¬ 2.299 and ttable value of

1.675. Because the value of t count is greater than

ttable value, then the test result decided to reject Ho

hypothesis. This means that there is a positive

influence of arm muscle explosive power to

confidence.

Figure 1: Complete Path Coefficient Research Model

The results of the first hypothesis testing in this

study indicate that the gamut of togok has a direct

influence on skill serve serve. This gives the meaning

that the success of a jump serve one is determined by

the formation of togok. If the formation of good

athlete athletes, which is implied in the process of

implementation of the jump serve then the ball will be

the result of a maximum blow and difficult to accept

the opponent. This condition will contribute

significantly to the successful implementation of the

jump serve. Instead jump serve can fail or not

maximal if not supported by kelautan togok.

Based on the description it is clear that the

formation is one factor that can not be ignored in

increasing the speed of motion, this applies also to the

jump serve movement in the game bolavoli, where to

achieve the speed and coordination of optimal jump

serve motion requires good formation. Elements of

the required skill at the time of jump serve that is

when the player is in the air in the square kicked body

ball formed formally and when hitting the ball body

bent forward. And the formation is an inseparable part

in the improvement of motion skills, thus the ability

to influence the outcomes of the jump serve skills on

the game of bolavoli.

The results of the second hypothesis testing in this

study indicate that the arm muscle explosive power

has a direct influence on skill serve serve. This gives

meaning that the success of the jump serve one is

determined by the explosive power of the arm muscle.

If the explosive muscle power of the athlete's arm is

good, which is implied in the process of

implementation of the jump serve then the ball will

hit the maximum result and difficult to accept the

opponent. This condition will contribute significantly

to the successful implementation of the jump serve.

Instead a jump serve can fail or not maximal if it is

not supported by arm muscle burst power.

Muscle power factor will work optimally if the

strength and speed as a supporting factor also has a

good quality. In the jump serve, this explosive power

is a dominant factor in the creation of good skills.

This is because explosive power acts as a force factor

Jump Serve on Volleyball Survey

that forces the object, in this case is our body to move

forward. Allegedly the greater force (force) is played

by the explosive power, the greater the acceleration

made by the body. The greater the acceleration will

result in greater body speed and the time yag is quite

coupled by a good body balance in the end the power

of the punch will be maximal so that an athlete will

be easy and flexible in doing a jump serve.

In a crucial jump serve in reaching the ball speed,

further explosive power, shoulder and arm core are

highly influential and the optimal function of the

kinetic chain is an important element. The ability of

hip joint motion and thorack vertebrae is also an

important factor in the achievement of ball speed (ball

velocity) M. Hayrinen et al (2011).

The results of the third hypothesis testing in this

study showed that confidence has a direct influence

on skill serve serve. This gives the meaning that the

success of a jump serve one is determined by self-

confidence. If the athlete's self-confidence, which is

implied in the process of implementation of the jump

serve then requires confidence, concentration, goal

setting, mastery of techniques, good self-control so

that the maximum results. This condition will

contribute significantly to the successful

implementation of the jump serve. Instead jump serve

can fail or not maximal if not supported by

confidence.

In doing a jump serve the self-confidence of a

bolavoli athlete will have an effect. This is because if

a bolavoli athlete does not have confidence in doing

a jump serve then not produced a good jump serve.

However, it should be accompanied by regular and

ongoing exercises. An athlete who has done the

preparation with the exercises to the maximum will

have a higher confidence than those who exercise but

less than the maximum.

Next Sudibyo (2001: 126) self-belief is very

important in mental coaching athletes. Believing in

yourself will create a sense of security, self-

confidence is usually closely related to the "emotional

security", the more confident self-esteem is also

steady emotional securely, it will be seen in attitude

and behavior that is not easy to hesitate, calm, firm

and ……………………..

The results of the fourth hypothesis testing in this

study showed that the togok formation has a direct

influence on the explosive power of the arm muscles.

This means that the formation of togok is one of the

factors that determine the ability to increase the

explosive power of the arm muscles.

Ability is the ability to perform a series of

movements to the maximum extent possible, with a

wide range of motion. This should be supported by

the readiness of the parts of the body itself so it is

possible to obtain maximum muscle elasticity.

Formation is also very big role in the sport bolavoli,

because with a high level of kelentukan will be able

to streamline the movement, streamline the time and

energy as in the time to serve during the game.

The results of the fifth hypothesis testing in this

study indicate that the formation has a direct

influence on confidence. This means that kelentukan

is one of the decisive factors that increase confidence.

In contrast, athletes who have a good kelentukan but

do not have confidence then the result will not be

maximized.

In the implementation of jump serve is strongly

supported by several factors including physical

conditions, techniques and tactics. Mental factors are

decisive once in a match. In other words, these four

factors are indispensable for the achievement of the

maximum, alleged athletes who have good abilities

ability, it will affect from its appearance because an

athlete who is ready for physical condition will

increase confidence in making decisions in a jump

serve on game bolavoli.

This is in line with Tangkudung (2012: 72) that

the state of good physical condition will affect

psychological aspects in the form of increased work

motivation, morale, confidence, thoroughness and so

forth. Psychologically, the physical state seems very

big influence in the environment of our activities,

especially in socializing.

The results of testing the sixth hypothesis in this

study indicate that the arm muscle explosive power

has a direct influence on confidence. This means that

the power of the arm muscle is one of the decisive

factors that increase self-confidence. Conversely,

athletes who have a large arm muscle explosiveness

but do not have confidence then the result will not be

maximal.

According to Maksum (2008: 2013) those who are

actively engaged in sports activities show a higher

level of confidence (self confidence) than those who

are not involved and positive self-concept appears not

only in the physical, but also social and more

impressive dimensions its influence on intellectual

development. Based on the above opinion, that active

exercise means general good physical condition and

relate in terms of trust cirri in acting.

In the implementation of jump serve is strongly

supported by several factors including physical

conditions, techniques and tactics. Mental factors are

decisive once in a match. In other words these four

factors are indispensable for the achievement of the

maximum, alleged athletes who have the ability of a

good arm muscle explosive power, it will affect from

ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education

his appearance because an athlete who is ready for

physical conditions will increase confidence in

making decisions in doing jump serve on the game

bolavoli.

Sudibyo (2001: 71) says the successes

experienced by an athlete will be able to develop self-

confidence, therefore it is very important that athletes

athletes have a chance to win and a defeat must not

result in a loss of effort to instill self-confidence own.

In conducting a jump serve, a server must be able

to think and perform moves quickly and carefully

when it comes to deciding where the ball is directed

by considering the opponent's defense pattern. So

someone who has good coordination of motion helps

once an athlete's confidence to complete the task well

and in accordance with the intended target, so that

jump serve can bring points or numbers.

Implementation of this research has been

cultivated carefully based on the systematics and

procedures of scientific work in accordance with this

type of research so as to deliver results in accordance

with the intended purpose. But the perfection of the

results is something that is not easily realized this is

due to the weaknesses and limitations in this study.

Weaknesses and limitations should be presented as a

consideration in interpreting and generalizing the

results of this study.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on testing hypothesis yeng have been disclosed

above and result of data analysis hence can be taken

conclusion based on result of research finding. The

conclusions in this study are as follows: (1) the

formation of togok directly affect the skill of jump

serve atlet bolavoli West Sumatra. This means that

togok kelautan will affect the skill of jump serve atlet

of bolavoli of West Sumatra, (2) arm muscle

explosion directly influence to skill of jump serve

atlet of bolavoli of West Sumatra. This means that the

power of arm muscle explosion will affect the skill of

jump serve atlet of bolavoli of West Sumatera, (3)

confidence directly influence to skill of jump serve

atlet of bolavoli of West Sumatra. This means that

self-perception will affect the skill of jump serve at

West Java bolavoli athletes, (4) the formation of

togok has a direct effect on the explosive muscle

power of the atlet arm of the bolavoli of West

Sumatra. This means that togok kelautan will affect

the increase of arm muscle explosive power in the

achievement of skill of jump serve atlet of bolavoli of

West Sumatera, (5) togok formation have a direct

effect to confident atlet of bolavoli of West Sumatra.

This means that the elasticity of togok will affect the

confident increase of the bolavoli athletes of West

Sumatra, (6) the explosive force of the arm muscle

directly affect the self-confident atlet of West

Sumatra bolavoli. This means that the power of arm

muscle explosion will affect the confidence increase

atlet of West Sumatra bolavoli. Furthermore, in order

to increase skill of jump serve at bolavoli athlete,

aspect of togokiness, muscular arm explosion and

confidence need to be attention and can not be

ignored, implication like pay attention to factors who

influence it, promote appropriate training, work with

local governments, bolavoli organizations, coaches,

athletes, referees, the elderly and the club in terms of

improving the aspects of togok formation, muscular

arm power and confidence.

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Jump Serve on Volleyball Survey