Revealing the Mental Toughness of the Fighter of Paguron

Manderaga

Mulyana Mulyana and Agung Prayoga

Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia,

Jln. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung, Indonesia

mulyanafpok@upi.edu

Keywords: Local Wisdom, Pencak Silat, Mental Toughness.

Abstract: In the globalization era, the values of Pencak Silat culture as a product of local wisdom are increasingly eroded

by foreign culture. The tendency of the young generation to prefer the foreign culture is progressively more

increasing when foreign culture is not necessarily match with the personality of Indonesian people, so the

young generation tends to be unfamiliar with pencak silat as a cultural heritage. The purpose of this research

is to obtain the fighter’s mental toughness image of Panguron Pencak Silat Manderaga. This research employs

descriptive method with quantitative approach. The sample of the research was 30 randomly selected people.

Data collection tool is in the form of closed questionnaire instrument about mental toughness. Based on the

data processing and analysis, it is found that: (1) the fighter’s mental toughness score of Panguron Manderaga

is in the criteria of "Very Good" (2) The indicators of mental toughness are revealed, they are: confidence,

positive energy, imagination, motivation, behavior, and attention.

1 INTRODUCTION

Local wisdom is a value that is considered good and

right so that it can survive for a long time even

institutionalized. Local wisdom is formed as a local

community advantage in geographical conditions in

the broadest sense. In the anthropology it is known as

the local genius term that was first introduced by

Wales, which means the ability of local culture in the

face of foreign cultural influences when the two

cultures are related (Rosidi, 2011).

Ayatrohaedi, (1986) says that local wisdom is

interpreted as a custom or ethic that guides human

behavior in a life of society. Customs are natural and

well-valued, because they are repetitive and

reinforcing social actions, because they are

perpetuated continually. Local wisdom has forms as

a community identity in a particular area. According

to Radmila (2011) forms of local wisdom can be

values, norms, ethics, beliefs, customs, customary

laws and special rules.

Pencak silat as a traditional martial art originating

from Indonesia, is part of the culture of Indonesia

people which is evolving in line with the history of

Indonesian people who are believed to have a high

level of local wisdom. According to Tisnowati

(1986), in the kingdoms era, nobles and knights

learned pencak silat in addition to learning martial

arts as well as studying state and literature. Therefore

pencak silat continues to live and grow throughout the

history of the Malay clan community and

experiencing rapid development with style and

diverse local-ethnic styles during the Hindu, Buddhist

and Islamic kingdoms in the residential areas of

Malay clan populations in the 5th century up to the

20th century AD. Pencak contains motion attacks in

forms of dance and rhythmic dance movement that is

complemented by certain customary courtesy rules

that must be demonstrated by the perpetrators

(Maryono, 1999).

As a manifestation of the local wisdom value,

Pencak Silat has 4 value systems as a whole, namely

ethical, technical, aesthetic, and athletic values

(Notosoejitno, 1997). These four values are closely

related to the social ideals and moral aspirations of

Malay society. Ethical and technical values refer to

the fulfillment of the needs and interests of security,

while aesthetic and athletic values refer to the

fulfillment of the needs and interests of the spiritual

and physical well-being.

The four value systems of pencak silat are

considered as a character education that is allegedly

embedded in its learning. So it is necessary to find

476

Mulyana, M. and Prayoga, A.

Revealing the Mental Toughness of the Fighter of Paguron Manderaga.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2017) - Volume 1, pages 476-481

ISBN: 978-989-758-317-9

empirical evidence of that, through an in-depth

assessment of what exactly happens when one learns

pencak silat. Why someone who mastered the science

of pencak silat is identical with role models who have

good morals and inherit the characteristics of a

knight.

It is a big challenge in this era, where there is a

drastic decline in moral values in the community

either children, adolescents, youth, adults, even

elderly people as though it is easily ignited by a lack

of emotion. Therefore, there must be a systematic

effort to improve this condition. The effort is

improving the five pillars of character education in

pencak silat. The five pillars are increasing the value

of piety to God Almighty, Responsive, Tough,

Tanggon, and Trengginas which are the characteristic

of a fighter (Mulyana, 2013). Simply, the formulation

of the value is proposed by Notosoejitno, (1997)

namely: Takwa means being faithful to God

Almighty by carrying out all His commands, and stay

away from his prohibitions. Responsive is caring,

sensitive, anticipatory, proactive and ready for

change and development of the era. Tough means

having a tenacious nature and being able to develop

the ability in facing and responding to challenges and

being able to overcome various obstacles that

occurred. Tanggon means being able to uphold truth,

justice, and honesty and also being consistent in

holding the principle. Trengginas means energetic

and vigorous, creative, innovative and being able to

think far ahead to create noble desires.

The main study in this research focused on the

value of mental toughness, which is the main pillar

for the fighter. Why so, it can be seen from the

meaning of tough in the context of pencak silat itself

that is closely related to the personal nature of fighter

who must have toughness in living life. A fighter who

does not have a strong character in himself will easily

fall down when he is exposed to something that

threatens his soul and body, while people who have a

strong character will always be able to face all

obstacles and trials that come without having to

endanger him and others.

Mental toughness based on Kremer dkk. (2012:

113) is: “mental toughness is a multidimensional

personality construct that defines the ability to

preserve towards goal accomplishment through the

display of resilience and hardiness, and irrespective

of circumstance success or failure”. One must have a

strong mental toughness as a multi-dimensional

personality concept that encourages him to persevere

in reaching his goal. A fighter can show the mental

strength with the characteristics of not wanting to

give up and keep trying to get out of a difficult

situation with the main goal of winning the game.

In the context of pencak silat, fighters as

individual creatures or personal beings must improve

and develop quality of personality which is valuable,

high quality and ideal according to the views of

society and religion. The moral values contained in

pencak silat, in addition to being able to secure

themselves from the adverse effects of the

environment, also can broadly secure the successive

generations of the invasion of foreign cultures that are

not necessarily compatible with the existing local

culture.

Trace the shifting configurations of the body

and its modes of construction. The organization

and training of the body in pencak silat, via body

techniques and the social institutions through which

they are transmitted, reflects a politics of the body

and the powers ascribed to it by Wilson, I.D.,

(2003).

Aziz, A.R., Tan, B. and Teh, K.C., (2002).The

present investigation describes the physiological

attributes of exponents and match responses during

actual competitive duels of an emerging martial art

sport, pencak silat. It appears that a silat match is

characterized by high anaerobic and aerobic

metabolic responses, although conclusions

concerning the contribution of the various metabolic

pathways requires a more detailed investigation. In

comparison with elite judo and taekwondo athletes,

the elite silat exponents have better explosive leg

power and comparable ability to perform short

duration high-intensity exercise in the lower body;

but possessed a lower grip strength, aerobic fitness,

and anaerobic upper body capability.

Successful implementation of disaster

management requires a high degree of adaptability to

the local conditions. The success or failure of disaster

management depends on the involvement of culture,

traditions and customs. In other words, it is pivotal to

take into account the cultural context of affected

localities and regions. The custom, traditions, local

practices and ethnic composition of an area should all

be factored in when devising an appropriate user‐

friendly package for effective and easy

implementation (Gopalakrishnan and Okada, 2007).

Based on the above explanation, it can be

concluded that pencak silat has a purpose to give

moral teachings, about the values of local wisdom

associated with virtue for everyone who learns

pencak silat. The mental coaching that is owned and

taught by each pencak silat school is expected to be

the right medium to create a new generation with

dignity. The members of pencak silat school are not

Revealing the Mental Toughness of the Fighter of Paguron Manderaga

477

only proficient in martial arts skills or kicks but they

must be a generation that has good morals and is

expected by the Indonesian people. This belief comes

from experience and by looking at the elders of

martial art fighters who show the nobility of moral

and behavior. Therefore, researchers want to reveal

more deeply about increasing the mental toughness of

members of the martial art school Paguron Pencak

Silat, especially in the Manderaga school.

2 METHODS

This research applies descriptive method that is a

research method that makes the description of

situation (Moh Nazir 1983). To obtain an accurate

description of the desired data or facts, the researcher

undertakes the following steps: (1) Determining the

population and location of the study. The research

population is determined by Paguron Pencak Silat

Manderaga which is located in Bandung City Region,

(2) Determining the sample of research that is part of

Paguron Pencak Silat Manderaga about 30 people. (3)

Implement data collection by spreading the

questionnaire to the research sample. (4) Processing

and analyzing data through statistical approach of

IBM SPSS Statistics Software version 22.

2.1 Research Instrument

The collected research data is quantitative data. Data

collection using a questionnaire, the questionnaire of

mental toughness adapted from Leoher (in Kremer

dkk. 2012). Scale used in making this research

instrument is Likert’s scale model with score range 1-

3 RESULTS

The following are data presented in the form of tables

as a result of and data processing and analysis as

follows.

3.1 Description of Test Results

To provide a general overview of the data distribution

obtained through a questionnaire of mental

toughness, then the data is processed and analyzed as

closely as possible. After done data processing and

analysis by using IBM Software SPSS Statistics 22

obtained data as follows:

Table 1: Description of mental reliability data.

Descriptive Statistics

Subject

Min

Max

Mean

Std.

Deviation

Pesilat

Paguron

Manderaga

115

167

142.77

10.991

Based on table 1 above, obtained the mental

toughness score of the fighter of Paguron Pencak Silat

Manderaga that is equal to 142.77 with standard

deviation score 10.991.

3.2 Data Normality Test Results

To determine whether the data is normally distributed

or not, the normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov

Test SPSS Statistics 22. The following Table 2 results

of normality test:

Table 2. Normality test results.

One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Normal

Parameters

a,b

Mean

142.77

Std.

Deviation

10.991

Most Extreme

Differences

Absolute

.107

Positive

.094

Negative

-.107

Test Statistic

.107

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)

.200

c,d

a. Test distribution is Normal.

b. Calculated from data.

c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.

d. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

Table 2 shows the normal distributed variables.

Based on the result of the calculation it is known that

Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.200. Based on the data it can be

said that Sig. (2-tailed) is greater than 0.05, it is

concluded that the data is distributed "normal".

ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education

478

3.3 Data Processing and Analysis

The results of data processing and analysis of mental

toughness of Paguron Pencak Silat Manderaga

Mentality are seen in table 3 as follows:

Table 3: Indicator data analysis of mental toughness of

fighters of panguron manderaga.

Percentage Indicator of Mental Toughness

Factual

Score

Ideal

Score

Category

Behavior

Control

489

600

81.5

Attention

control

324

450

Total score

4283

5250

81.6

*BS = Very Good “Baik Sekali”

*B = Good “Baik”

Table 3 above shows the percentage of mental

toughness of the fighters of the Paguron Pencak Silat

Manderaga as follows: 1) Self-confidence by 80%

with very good criteria, 2) Controlling Influence or

Negative Energy equal to 83% with excellent criteria,

3) Imagination control equal to 81.3% with excellent

criteria, 4) Motivation of 88% with excellent criteria,

5) Positive Influence or Energy of 82.7% with

excellent criteria, 6) Behavior control of 81.5% with

excellent criteria, 7) Attention Control 72 % with very

good criteria. Overall score obtained 81.6%. For

further, the following are presented in the form of

diagrams:

Figure 1: Paguron manderaga's mental toughness chart diagram.

4 DISCUSSION

Overall the table above shows that the percentage

generated by 81.6%, which shows that the Mental

Toughness of the fighter in Paguron Manderaga into

the category very well. Based on these results several

things that need to be discussed in the discussion as

follows:

The fighters’ mental toughness in Paguron

Manderaga shows excellent criteria. This shows that

the value of mental toughness, especially in Paguron

Manderaga, is owned by almost all members of

paguron. The author mentions almost all because in

Revealing the Mental Toughness of the Fighter of Paguron Manderaga

479

fact there are members who are still new to learn

pencak silat so that the value of mental toughness has

not been fully embedded, but overall the value of

mental toughness is clearly visible to members of

Paguron Manderaga.

A more in-depth study of the percentage gained

from the assessment of mental tough indicators of

self-confidence, influence or negative energy,

imagination, motivation, influence or positive energy,

behavior control, and attention control are as follows:

Self-confident, from this confident indicator, the

fighters of Paguron Manderaga get percentage of

80%. So from these results can be concluded that the

level of confidence is high, and included in the

criteria very well.

Controlling Influence or Negative Energy, in

which case one must have control over the energies

affecting him so as not to be easily carried away or

affected by the negative energy. From the resulting

percentage of 83%, then the indicator has good

negative energy control.

Imagination Control. Controlled imagination is

important because in the process of pencak silat

practice, students or members of Paguron Manderaga

are required to be able to assemble a new movement

of the basic moves that have been previously taught.

Therefore it would be difficult if the control of the

imagination is ugly, and from the percentage of

81.3% it can be concluded that the imagination

control of the fighter is very good.

Motivation, motivation can encourage individuals

to feel like to try and work hard to achieve something.

Similarly for the fighter of paguron manderaga, if

without motivation of course they will surrender

early, this is evident from the percentage of 88%

which is quite high value and quite good.

Influence or Positive Energy. Positive energy is

important to possess, as it is useful for reducing or

eliminating negative energy coming both from within

and from outside. By having a positive energy, the

benefits are not only felt by yourself but also by the

people around him who feel comfortable and happy

to be nearby because the positive energy seemed

contagious to the people around him. In this case

paguron manderaga fighter has a percentage of 82.7%

which results are very good criteria.

Controlling Behavior. Controlled behavior can

keep people from things that endanger themselves or

the people around him, in relation to the martial artist

has become a duty to be able to control his behavior

because if one who gets a bad value not only himself

but also the martial art school. In this case, the fighter

from Paguron Manderaga has a percentage of 81.5

which is a very good criteria.

Attention Control. Controlled attention can help a

person to digest the information he gets, in fact the

attention is easily distracted by many causes. It also

causes the percentage for this indicator is only 72%,

but still quite a good criteria.

Based on the above opinion after going through

the process of data processing and determining the

criteria, it can be concluded that the criteria of mental

toughness value in the Paguron Pencak Silat

Manderaga members classified as "Very Good".

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the description of the results of data

processing and data analysis of the level of mental

toughness value of the fighter in Paguron Pencak Silat

Manderaga is as follows:

 The values of mental toughness of the fighter in

Paguron Manderaga have the criteria of "Very

Good".

 Out of the seven indicators of mental toughness

values are self-confidence, negative energy,

imagination, motivation, positive energy,

behavior, and attention. Only attention reaches

the "Good" criteria while the rest have the "Very

Good" criteria.

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