Wrestling Arm Throw Technique

Waist Flexibility, Arm Strength, and Self-Confidence

Rio Akbar Bahari, Aji Rasa Kurniawan, Nendi Rohaendi, Handaka Wiguna Jatnika and Bambang

Erawan

School of Postgraduate studies, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jln. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung, Indonesia

rioakbarbahari25@gmail.com

Keywords: Arm Throw Techniques, Self-Confidence, Arm Strength, and Waist Flexibility.

Abstract: This study is aimed at knowing the correlation between waist flexibility, arm strength, and confidence toward

the speed of arm throw technique in wrestling. Correlational approach in survey was used as the method of

the study. The sample was all wrestler athletes of PELATDA of West Java consisted of 30 people. The

independent variables were waist flexibility, arm strength, and confidence; while the dependent variable was

the speed of arm throw technique. The data analysis techniques used ANOVA analysis. The findings showed

that, first, there was significant correlation between waist flexibility and the speed of arm throw technique in

wrestling. Second, there was significant correlation between arm strength and the speed of arm throw

technique. Third, there was significant correlation between confidence and the speed of arm throw technique.

Fourth, there was significant correlation between waist flexibility, arm strength, confidence, all together, and

the speed of arm throw technique. According to the study, it can be concluded that waist flexibility, arm

strength, and confidence have significant correlation with the speed of arm slamming in wrestling. Thus,

wrestler athletes should have such trainings to increase their waist flexibility, arm strength, and have such

high confidence to help increase the speed of arm slamming.

1 INTRODUCTION

Which became the dominant aspect in performing the

technique during the wrestling match that is the speed

of 100% and the next strength, power and muscle

endurance are second priority of 97% in doing

technics during the match (Saeed, 2014). In addition

to having good strength, athletes must have good

body coordination is also especially for Freestyle

athletes and is required also for Greco Roman in

executing techniques so that the technique produces

point (Hartmann, 2014). Greco Roman athlete

excellence is on the speed, quickness, flexibility and

strength of the shoulder better than the Freestyle

athlete, But in terms of agility, abdominal muscle

strength and leg muscle strength Freestyle athletes far

superior than Greco Roman (Mirzaei, 2013).

In wrestling matches 84% - 86% are dominated by

a standing position, which is a great advantage if

athletes have a good ability to perform techniques at

standing position such as slamming arms (Dokmanac,

2016). In wrestling matches there is no significant

difference between the risk of injury to Freestyle and

Greco Roman, but if the strength of the athlete is not

good then it will not be possible to perform the

technique correctly and generate points (Mirzaei,

2011; Yard, 2008). It should be given practice in

performing the technique on standing position, as the

most powerful technique to generate point is sling

arm (Starostra, 2014). The strength of arm muscles,

shoulder muscles, waist flexibility and hand grip

strength have a positive relationship with success in

performing wrestling techniques (Khanbabazadeh,

2016; Taskiran, 2014).

Wrestling sports have very high philosophical

values, because in sports wrestling not only exercises

physically in terms of pitting strength, but it is also

taught about spiritual, intellectual and moral values

(Kameas, 2016). In line with the previous opinion that

the sport of wrestling requires mental strength that

must be in line with the ability of technique, the key

to success in doing all the techniques is to have the

stability of confidence obtained from the exercise

(Vealey, 2009). Many of the psychological factors

Bahari, R., Kurniawan, A., Rohaendi, N., Jatnika, H. and Erawan, B.

Wrestling Arm Throw Technique - Waist Flexibility, Arm Strength, and Self-Conﬁdence.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2017) - Volume 2, pages 22-26

ISBN: 978-989-758-317-9

that influence the success of doing the technique well

in elite athletes such as anxiety control, mental

toughness, self-confidence, cognitive and emotional

control, and attention, all aspects must be owned by

elite athletes in support of performance in the match

(Dyke, 2017; Barbas, 2016: Slack, 2015).

In female athletes the tendency of high anxiety

and lack of greater confidence that is 72% compared

to male athletes of 28% then it required good mental

training (Woodman, 2003). In accordance with the

research on self-efficacy on performance shows a

very significant result so that performance can run

better when all negative psychological aspects are

discarded and ignored (Treasure, 1996). Of course, to

have good psychological aspects need to do mental

training well in advance of the match, some mental

training, among others: imagery, goal setting, self-

talk, and relaxation (Alder, 2016: Vealey, 2009). The

high and low anxiety training provided by the trainers

in each training session has a significant effect on

better performance during the wrestling match

(Alder, 2009).

Based on some research results above,

psychological factors are crucial in the success of

doing techniques, especially on the arm throw

technique. Further in this study discusses the

relationship of arm muscle strength, flexibility of the

waist, and confidence in doing arm throw technique.

2 METHOD

Participants is all wrestling athletes of PELATDA of

West Java were used as the sample applying total

sampling technique. The sample consisted of 30

people; 10 freestyle athletes, 10 greco roman athletes,

and 10 freestyle woman athletes. The procedures in

this study was held in February, 2015 in which the

sample routinely did training since March 2012 until

PON of West Java will be held in September 2016.

The density of training was 10 times a week having

120 minutes/ session as the duration. Based on that

fact, the researcher used correlational approach in

survey as the method of the study. The instrument

which was used in measuring the variable of arm

slamming was direct skill test through video

observation. This was done to measure the speed of

the arm slamming which was done 3 times and was in

its best moment. Furthermore, the variable of waist

flexibility was measured by using standing flexibility

test, while in measuring the arm strength, continue

push up test was used until the sample could not do

the push up anymore. Confidence, on the other hand,

was measured by close-ended questionnaire.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Measurement of the success component of arm throw

technique to 30 wrestler in PELATDA (West Java) is

limited to 3 aspects that are very instrumental in the

success of this technique, namely: arm strength and

waist flexibility, and self-confidence. The results of

the initial and final measurements of these

components are described in the following graph:

Figure 1 : Correlation between arm strength, waist

flexibility and self-confidence in doing arm throw

technique.

Based on the graph above can be seen that the

results of this research without give treatment of arm

muscle strength, waist flexibility and self-confidence

in the success of doing arm throw technique to

wrestler in PELATDA (West Java) showed

significant results.

The findings showed that, first, there was

significant correlation between waist flexibility and

the speed of arm slamming; the coefficient correlation

was 0.616 and the determination index was 38%.

Second, there was significant correlation between

arm strength and the speed of arm slamming; the

coefficient correlation was 0.880 and the

determination index was 77.5%. Third, there was

significant correlation between confidence and the

speed of arm slamming; the coefficient correlation

was 0.321 and the determination index was 10.3%.

Fourth, there was significant correlation between

waist flexibility, arm strength, confidence, all

together, and the speed of arm slamming; the

coefficient correlation was 0.805 and the

determination index was 64.8%. According to the

study, it can be concluded that waist flexibility, arm

strength, and confidence have significant correlation

with the speed of arm slamming in wrestling. Thus,

wrestler athletes should have such trainings to

increase their waist flexibility, arm strength, and have

Wrestling Arm Throw Technique - Waist Flexibility, Arm Strength, and Self-Conﬁdence

such high confidence to help increase arm throw

technique.

Based on the results about the relationship

between waist flexibility and arm throw speed that

there is a significant relationship, where the

correlation coefficient of -0.616 with the coefficient

of determination R

of 0.380. This means that the

flexibility of the waist affects 38% of the arm throw

speed technique. This is because the speed of the arm

throw is a technique that is quite difficult to master,

so many wrestlers who have weaknesses while doing

arm throw technique, but for those who master the

technique of arm throw then this technique can be a

mainstay technique that kills the opponent. By having

a good waist flexibility then the sleeve speed of the

arm will increase. In line with a study that Greco

Roman athlete excellence is on the speed, quickness,

flexibility and strength of the shoulder better than the

Freestyle athlete, But in terms of agility, abdominal

muscle strength and leg muscle strength Freestyle

athletes far superior than Greco Roman (Mirzaei,

2013). In the style of greco romance is often located

in a standing position, and very often occurs arm

throw technique so that required a good flexibility in

line with the above opinion

Based on the result about the relationship between

arm muscle strength with arm throw technique that

there is significant relation, where result of

correlation coefficient equal to 0,880 with coefficient

determination R

equal to 0,775. This means the arm

muscle strength gives 77.5% effect on the speed of

the arm throw technique. By having a good arm

muscle strength then the speed of arm throw will

increase. This is because at the time of arm throw

required a strong pull of the arm so that the muscle

strength of the arm very determine the speed in

slamming the opponent. In line with a study that

revealed that arm muscle strength and hand grip

strength greatly affect performance in performing

wrestling techniques (Khanbabazadeh, 2016)

Based on the result the relationship between self-

confidence and arm throw technique that there is

significant relation, where result of correlation

coefficient equal to 0,321 with coefficient

determination R2 equal to 0,102. This means

confidence gives a 10.2% effect on the speed of the

arm throw. By having a good confidence then the

speed of arm throw will increase. This is because the

sleeve is a technique that is difficult enough to master,

so many wrestlers who have weaknesses in arm throw

techniques, but for those who master the technique

dings then this technique can be a mainstay technique

that kills the opponent. Believe yourself here like

hesitate when doing arm throw techniques or when

practicing wrestlers do not believe themselves to

learn the technique of a complete kick, so it becomes

a weakness when competing, this needs to underline

how an athlete has the confidence so as to master the

technique with a good kick . By doing repetitive

exercise the athlete is expected to be able to do a kick

with perfect motion automation. In line with the

previous opinion that the sport of wrestling requires

mental strength that must be in line with the ability of

technique, the key to success in doing all the

techniques is to have the stability of confidence

obtained from the exercise (Vealey, 2009).

The results of data analysis of the relationship

between waist flexibility, arm muscle strength and

self-confidence with arm throw technique has a

correlation coefficient of 0.805 and F count 35.77

states the degree of correlation between waist

flexibility, arm muscle strength and self-confidence

with arm throw is very high. Based on the results of

hypothesis testing on the relationship between the

four variables, it has been proven that there is a

significant relationship, where the correlation

coefficient of 0.805 with the coefficient of

determination R2 of 0.648. This means the flexibility

of the waist, arm muscle strength and self-confidence

have an effect of 64.8% on the arm throw technique.

By having the ability of flexibility of the waist, arm

muscle strength and a good confidence then an athlete

will be able to do arm throw technique quickly,

precisely and perfectly.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Waist flexibility and the speed of arm throw

technique have significant correlation (really strong),

in other words the better the muscle flexibility, tendon

and limatchnt in hip joint, the higher the speed of the

arm throw technique. There was also significant

correlation (really strong) between arm strength and

the speed of arm throw technique, which meant that

the higher the arm strength, the higher the speed of

arm throw technique. There was also significant

correlation (low) between confidence and the speed

of arm throw technique, in other words, the higher the

confidence level, the higher the speed of arm throw

technique. It can be concluded that there was

significant correlation between waist flexibility, arm

strength, and confidence toward the speed of arm

throw technique, which meant that the higher the

waist flexibility, arm strength, and confidence; the

higher the speed of arm throw technique.

ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education

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Wrestling Arm Throw Technique - Waist Flexibility, Arm Strength, and Self-Conﬁdence

ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education