Using Heart Rate Monitor to Optimizing Aerobic Endurance Training

Iman Imanudin, Kuston Sultoni, Jajat jajat and Cep Ubad Abdullah

Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jln. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229, Bandung,

Indonesia

imanudin@upi.edu

Keywords: VO2max, Aerobic Endurance Training, Heart Rate Monitor.

Abstract: This study aims to determine whether aerobic endurance exercises using heart rate monitoring technology

(heart rate monitor) is more optimal than without using heart rate monitor. A total of twenty male football

athletes who join in university football club participated in this experimental study. With the randomized

pretest-postest control group design the sample was divided into two groups, treatment group (n = 10) and

control group (n = 10). Both groups followed a jogging aerobic endurance training program. The time for

each training session varies from 45 minutes to 90 minutes, for 11 weeks, 3 times a week. VO2max is

measured by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test by gas analysis method. The results showed that there was a

difference of VO2max increase between treatment group and control group.

1 INTRODUCTION

Football is a popular sport worldwide, where

football players need engineering, tactics and skills

to succeed in the sport. The research also focuses on

Techniques and tactics so that research on physical

conditions such as strength, speed and endurance is a

little bit marginalized.

Based on the duration of the game, football

includes a sport that relies heavily on aerobic

metabolism. The average work intensity, measured

as percent of the maximal heart rate (fcmax), during

a 90-min soccer match is close to the lactate

threshold (LT), or 80-90% of fcmax (Stølen, 2005).

That way the most basic physical condition

component in football is aerobic capacity. A football

player (male adult) must have a VO2max between

50-75 mL • kg-1 • min-1 (Stølen, 2005). The

challenge for trainers is how to increase aerobic

capacity of a player during one stage of certain

exercise periodization. Various training

methodologies were developed by experts to address

such challenges, such as High-Intensity Training,

which can increase VO2max 5% -10% (Iaia et al.,

2009), other studies of the same method may

increase in VO2max from 60.5 to 64.4 mL • kg-1 •

min-1 and 55.5 to 60.4 mL • kg-1 • min-1 (Helgerud,

2001) Other studies with Plyometric Training and

creating supplementation may increase endurance in

female soccer players (Ramirez-Campillo, 2015). In

addition, Aerobic Interval Training can also increase

VO2max from 50.89 + 3.04 to 53.11 + 3.01

(Honceriu and Trofin 2014). Furthermore, using

Tabata Exercise may increase VO2max from 37.7

mL / (kg • min) to 40.5 mL / (kg • min) (Imanudin

and Sultoni 2017).

One of the keys to successful exercise methods

for increasing aerobic capacity is by controlling the

intensity of exercise (Helgerud, 2001). The intensity

of exercise can be monitored by heart rate variability

(Fletcher, 2008). With the controlled heart rate of

the athlete, the coach can more easily make a more

measurable and controlled exercise program

(O'Donovan and Denis, 2008). However, studies that

optimize the use of heart rate monitors in exercise

are limited, especially at the stage of certain exercise

periods. An annual training program is an important

tool or grip for trainers to serve as a guide in

planning a year's exercise or for a certain period of

time. In order for the program to be functional and

beneficial for athlete development, the annual

training program plan should be based on the

concept of periodic and practice principles (Bompa

1999; Bompa 2006; Bompa and Carrera 2005;

Bompa and Haff 2009; Bompa and Buzzichelli

2015).

The general preparation stage is the first stage of

the period. At this stage the athlete's physical

condition starts to be built, including the aerobic

capacity. But the trainers should be careful in

308

Imanudin, I., Sultoni, K., Jajat, J. and Abdullah, C.

Using Heart Rate Monitor to Optimizing Aerobic Endurance Training.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2017) - Volume 2, pages 308-310

ISBN: 978-989-758-317-9

establishing the physical condition of the athlete at

this stage. The thing to note is that the athlete's

ability should be up to the target of the stage. Often

the peak performance is achieved before the game. It

is because athletes are trained with too heavy

training loads and less given the opportunity for

regeneration (fully recovered). On the contrary often

the top achievement is achieved after the game is

due to the too light exercise.

Therefore, the purpose of this study is to see the

optimization of heart rate monitor in endurance

training to improve aerobic capacity soccer player.

2 METHODS

The research design that will be applied by the

researcher is the design of Randomized Pre-test and

Post-test Control Group Design. The sample of

research that will be taken is the students who joined

in sports activity unit of student soccer achievement

of 20 male (+19,3 YO). By random assignment

sample is divided into two groups, treatment group

(N = 10) and control group (N = 10). Both groups

undergo the training process in accordance with the

training program that has been prepared. Before and

after the training process is done testing to compare

the results of Aerobic ability improvement.

2.1 Training Protocol

The endurance training was administered as an

extension of the regular training, twice per week

over an 8-wk period. A regular week of training

consisted of four times 1.5 h of practice and one

game. All players in the Treatment Group are hired

HRM in the form of a censor tire. HRM that is used

during the exercise program is Polar RC3GPS which

has the ability to record and track heart rate, speed,

route and running time of the athlete.

2.2 Measurement

Research instruments used to determine Aerobic

Capacity, i.e. Aerobic Ability measured through

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test with gas analysis

method (Levett and Grocott 2015). The test protocol

used to measure VO2max is to use a 12 km/h

protocol.

Table 1: Descriptive data of VO2max pretest posttest tg

and cg.

TG (N = 10)

CG (N = 10)

Pretest

Postest

Pretest

Postest

2max

(mL·kg

-1

·min

-1

)

47.31(7.19)

54.50(5.64)

47.10(4.15)

51.36(4.75)

The descriptive data of VO2max for both

treatment and control group are shown in Table 1.

Figure 1: Mean VO2

max

for pretest.

Figure 2: Mean VO

2max

for posttest.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 present VO2max average

data at pre-test and post-test between treatment

group and control group. Based on figure 1, it can be

concluded that both groups, treatment and control

groups, have increased VO2max score. But on Post-

test data Figure 2 it is seen that the mean VO2max

treatment group is higher than the control group.

Using Heart Rate Monitor to Optimizing Aerobic Endurance Training

309

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In addition, the standard deviation score of the two

groups VO2max has a different tendency, where the

standard deviation in the treatment group is more

tightly than the control group. It is interesting to see

the treatment group when the pre-test averages its

VO2max is 47.31 and when the post-test average

VO2max increases to 54.50. After tested with paired

sample t test statistic there is significant difference

between pre-test and post-test data on TG with value

P = 0.000 (P <0.01). In the HR treatment group they

are monitored by the trainer so that the intensity of

the training provided by the trainers is tailored to

their respective abilities. That way the VO2max

increase can be achieved significantly. When seen

stdevnya on pre-test is 7.19 and it decreased to 5.64

at the time of post-test. This can happen because the

player whose VO2max is still low will increase

drastically, while the player whose VO2max is

already high will not be drastic (Stølen, 2005), so

stdev VO2max on post-test will be close to each

other.

To see the difference of influence of the use of

HRM with the control group was done independent

statistical test sample t test on post-test data between

TG and CG. The results show that there is no

significant difference P = 0.195 (P> 0.01).

Based on the results of data analysis, it appears

that the use of HRM in endurance aerobic exercise is

more optimal in improving aerobic capacity. This is

because when a football player using HRM to

control the intensity of the exercise will be easier for

himself to determine the speed of running. When the

heart rate shown at the polar clock is too high

beyond the heart rate of the training target at that

point then the practicing player will reduce the

running speed so that the expected workout intensity

is achieved. In contrast to players who practice

without HRM, which controls their speed only by

intuition or estimate only. While in the training

period, a practicing person must adhere to the

intensity of the planned exercise (Bompa 1999;

Bompa 2006; Bompa and Carrera 2005; Bompa and

Haff 2009; Bompa and Buzzichelli 2015).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Endurance is the main physical condition that must

be owned by soccer players. Football players need to

improve their aerobic capacity at the general stage of

the training period. Players will be more optimal in

training their aerobic capacity if it controls heart rate

by using heart rate monitor when practicing.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The research was funded by the Institution of

Research and Community Service of Universitas

Pendidikan Indonesia.

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