Initial Detection of Students’ Anxiety in The Activity of College

Orientation Through Brainwave Detector and Salivary Cortisol

Hormome Examination

Jajat Darajat Kusuma Nagara, Lucky Angkawidjaja and Agus Gumilar

Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jln. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229, Bandung, Indonesia

jajatdarajatkn@upi.edu

Keywords: Brainwave Detector (Attention), Salivary Cortisol Hormone and Level of Anxet.

Abstract: This study is aimed to obtain empirical evidence and fact in field about how the association or relatedness of

brainwave detector with salivary cortisol hormone function as initial indicator of anxiety in students who

follow the activity which is compulsory to be implemented namely College Orientation and Public Lecture.

All colleges in Indonesia conduct that activity. But this activity is regarded to be studied from its function,

benefit and level of anxiety obtained after following that activity. It is expected that this study can give the

picture about the effect of this activity on anxiety level. In this study, the researcher will take population of

two universities in west java who will follow college orientation activity. Sample are taken randomly with

total of 40 students. Based on data taken, it yields negative functional relation and contribution between

attention and cortisol response of -0.328 (p 0.039) and 10.8%, whereas between attention and anxiety yield

negative functional relation and contribution of 0.381 (p 0.015) and 14.5%. To examine the difference based

on university from three variables concerning attention and anxiety, there is no significant difference between

students in twice university, whereas in cortisol response there is significant different of 130.37% in p-value

of 0.000. In difference test based on gender in all variables, there is no significant difference between male

students and female students.

1 INTRODUCTION

Orientation time for campus acquaintance is

prevalent with various names for that activity. There

are called Orientasi Pengenalan Kampus (Ospek),

Masa Orientasi Siswa (MOS), Masa Pengenalan

Lingkungan Sekolah (MPLS), Masa Orientasi

Peserta Didik (MOPD), as study orientation which is

done in Indonesia University of Education called

masa orientasi kampus and kuliah umum

(MOKAKU), etc. Principally, all the activities above

have same purpose and they are expected to have

benefit and positive influence. Those activities not

only done in college but also done in elementary

school, junior high school and senior high school.

With that orientation activity, many students

experience mental pressure so it is worried that it

become anxiety or stress (Gómez, 2006). Stress can

be happening anytime, anywhere and whoever. This

anxiety is individual’s natural reaction toward the

problem faced.

The physical activity causes significant change in

endocrine system. Finally, this is related to protein

metabolism. Endocrine gland secrete hormone into

circulation, related to specific receptor in target cell,

and effected on specific gen expression (Blair and

Church, 2004). In cellular level. hormone can modify

membrane property and activate second messenger

which cause the change of transcription and

translation process to be occurred. In muscle cell,

cortisol is the only hormone which stimulate protein

degradation (Mooren and Volker, 2005). Cortisol is

categorized in catabolic hormone which is secreted in

physical and psychic stress condition. When

emotional, individual is in negative condition such as

stress, anxious, fear, and frustration, and his/her body

will secrete cortisol hormone. Cortisol hormone

release can activate sympathetic nerve system which

one of them is marked by heart rate increase (Linton

and Götestam, 1985). The high level of cortisol

hormone in blood also can reduce one’s thinking

ability and reaction. Cortisol hormone also play a

Nagara, J., Angkawidjaja, L. and Gumilar, A.

Initial Detection of Students’ Anxiety in The Activity of College Orientation Through Brainwave Detector and Salivary Cortisol Hormome Examination.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2017) - Volume 2, pages 349-353

ISBN: 978-989-758-317-9

349

role in reduction of mood and muscle fatigue (Daly et

al., 2004)

The anxiety will influence performance and

behavior in daily life (Hackney and Viru, 1999). In

industrial life, the higher level of stress is correlated

to disease and life excitement decline (Brown et al.,

1996).

In Korea, there are 1967 cases of stress which are

related to job. Almost half of them namely 49.5% of

974 people dead which caused by cardiac disease and

carotid artery disease (Aksorn and Hadikusumo,

2008).

This is exactly the same with what revealed by

(Belkic et al., 2004) that anxiety or stress implicate

75% cause cardiac disease and carotid artery disease.

The severe physical activity and pressures which

cause anxiety and stress will influence brain

performance which is marked by electricity activity

increase in the brain. This activity is caused by

biochemistry reaction in the brain and energy

transformation in the brain. As revealed in stress

management community in England that after stress

stimulation occurred, the brain will respond to

biological reaction in sympathetic nerve system and

will described through brain wave which is more

active. The high and low of brainwave depend on

stress factor experienced by someone. We all know

that brainwave is natural reaction occurred in the

brain which is result of stimulation then it changes to

become biochemistry reaction which produce

electricity and can be detected by using an instrument

called brainwave detector. There is various

brainwave namely delta, theta, alpha, beta and

gamma.

2 METHODS

2.1 Research Problem

In accord with explanation and background above,

then the problem of study is formulated in the form of

research question as follow:

 How the amount of concentration (attention)

contribution toward cortisol hormone?

 How the amount of concentration (attention)

contribution toward anxiety?

 How is the association of concentration

(attention) and cortisol hormone?

 How is the association of concentration

(attention) and anxiety?

2.2 Hypothesis of Study

 There is contribution of significant

concentration (attention) toward cortisol

hormone;

 There is concentration significant contribution

(attention) toward anxiety;

 There is association of negative and significant

functional between concentration (attention)

and cortisol hormone;

 There is association of negative and significant

functional between concentration (attention)

and anxiety.

2.3 The Aim of Study

The team of researchers will analyze how far the role

or contribution of brainwave toward activity of

cortisol hormone and anxiety (Brownlee et al., 2005).

In addition, the specific aim of this study is to obtain

empirical evidence about the big role of MOKAKU

activity which is related to its function, benefit and

anxiety toward freshmen of UPI and UNSIL in 2016.

It is expected that this study can open new

information which implement the importance of

MOKAKU activity toward its role and function as

freshmen orientation activity which is compulsory to

be done.

2.4 Research Methods

The study conducted is one shot case study which

obtain the data from population of two universities in

west java.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Hypothesis Testing

3.1.1 First Hypothesis

There is contribution of significant concentration

(attention) toward cortisol hormone.

Table 1: First Hypothesis.

Group of

Data

Mean

P-Value

Conclusion

Attention

50.93

17.49

-.328

.108

.039

Significant

Cortisol

2.79

1.91

ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education

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Sentence hypothesis for first hypothesis:

Ho: There is contribution of significant

concentration (attention) toward cortisol

hormone.

Ha: There is contribution of significant

concentration (attention) toward cortisol

hormone.

Criteria:

Ho is accepted if p-value > 0.05

Ho is rejected if p-values ≤ 0.05

Based on summary of calculation result of

Pearson correlation test in table 1, contribution result

is obtained of 10.8%, which means that contribution

of attention toward cortisol is 10.8and and the rest is

89.2% determined by another variable.

3.1.2 Second Hypothesis

There is contribution of significant concentration

(attention) toward anxiety.

Table 2: Summary of Calculation Result of Pearson

Correlation (Contribution) Test.

Group of

Data

Mean

P-Value

Conclusion

Attention

50.93

17.49

-.381

.145

.015

Significant

Cortisol

2.79

1.91

Sentence Hypothesis for Second Hypothesis:

Ho: There is contribution of significant

concentration (attention) toward anxiety.

Ha: There is contribution of significant

concentration (attention) toward anxiety.

Criteria:

Ho is accepted if p-value > 0.05

Ho is rejected if p-value ≤ 0.05

Based on summary of calculation result of

Pearson correlation test in table 2, the result of

contribution obtain 14.5% which means that

contribution of attention toward anxiety is 14.5% and

the rest of 85.5% is determined by another variable.

3.1.3 Third Hypothesis

There is association of negative and significant

functional between concentration (attention) with

cortisol hormone response.

Table 3: Summary of Calculation Result of Pearson

Correlation (Contribution) Test.

Group of Data

Mean

P-Value

Conclusion

Attention

50.93

17.49

-.328

.039

Significant

Cortisol

2.79

1.91

Sentence Hypothesis for Third Hypothesis:

Ho: There is no association of negative and

significant functional between concentration

(attention) and cortisol hormone response.

Ha: There is association of negative and significant

functional between concentration (attention)

and cortisol hormone response.

Criteria:

Ho is accepted if p-value > 0.05

Ho is rejected if p-value ≤ 0.05

Based on summary of calculation result of

Pearson correlation test in table 3, it is obtained

correlation result of -3.28 which means that if

concentration ability is decrease then cortisol

hormone response will increase.

3.1.4 Forth Hypothesis

There is association of negative and significant

functional between concentration (attention) and

anxiety.

Table 4: Summary of Calculation Result of Pearson

Correlation (Contribution) Test.

Group of Data

Mean

P-Value

Conclusion

Attention

50.93

17.49

-.381

.015

Significant

Anextety

2.79

1.91

Sentence Hypothesis for Forth Hypothesis:

Ho: There is no association of negative and

significant functional between concentration

(attention) and anxiety.

Ha: There is association of negative and significant

functional between concentration (attention)

and anxiety.

Criteria:

Ho is accepted if p-value > 0.05

Ho is rejected if p-value ≤ 0.05

Based on summary of calculation result of

Pearson correlation test in table 4, it is obtained

correlation value of -381 which means that if

concentration ability is decrease then cortisol

hormone response is increase.

Initial Detection of Students’ Anxiety in The Activity of College Orientation Through Brainwave Detector and Salivary Cortisol Hormome

Examination

351

3.1.5 Difference Test

Table 5: Summary of Calculation Result of t-test

independent Based on University.

Based on table 5, sentence hypothesis for attention

difference test between UNSIL students and UPI

students:

Ho: There is no attention difference between UNSIL

students and UPI students.

Ha: There is attention difference between UNSIL

students and UPI students.

Sentence hypothesis for anxiety difference

between UNSIL students and UPI students:

Ho: There is no anxiety difference between UNSIL

students and UPI students

Ha: There is anxiety difference between UNSIL

students and UPI students.

Sentence hypothesis for cortisol difference

between UNSIL students and UPI students:

Ho: There is no cortisol difference between UNSIL

students and UPI students.

Ha: There is cortisol difference between UNSIL

students and UPI students.

Criteria:

Ho is accepted if p-value > 0.05

Ho is rejected if p-value ≤ 0.05

Table 6: Summary of Calculation Result of Independent t-

test Based on Gender.

Based on table 6 sentence Hypothesis for attention

difference between male students and female

students:

Ho: There is no attention difference between male

students and female students.

Ha: There is attention difference between male

students and female students.

Sentence hypothesis for anxiety difference

between male students and female students:

Ho: There is no anxiety difference between male

students and female students.

Ha: There is anxiety difference between male

students and female students.

Sentence hypothesis for cortisol difference

between male students and female students:

Ho: There is no cortisol difference between male

students and female students.

Ha: There is cortisol difference between male

students and female students.

Criteria:

Ho is accepted if p-value > 0.05

Ha is rejected if p-value ≤ 0.05

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on result of data collection, analysis result, data

processing and interpretation, study result, it can be

concluded that:

 There is real contribution of concentration

(attention) toward cortisol hormone of 10.8%;

 There is real contribution of concentration

(attention) toward anxiety of 14.5%;

 There is negative functional association

between concentration (attention) and cortisol

hormone of -0.328;

 There is negative functional association

between concentration (attention) and anxiety

of -0.381.

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