The Role of Quality Assurance (QA) in Maintaining
the Quality of the Appraisers of Government Assets
in the Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN)
Doni Triono
State Finance Polytechnic-STAN, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
Keywords: Implementation evaluation of Quality Assurance (QA), Government Asset Appraiser, Appraisal at DJKN.
Abstract: This study is aimed at finding out the extent the role of the implementation of Quality Assurance (QA) plays
at the Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN). The implementation of Quality Assurance (QA) is
expected to provide assurance on the quality of assessment in the directorate. Therefore, it is necessary to
evaluate the implementation of quality assurance to ascertain the extent of the influence of quality assurance
on the quality of the assessment. In this research the method employed was Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The implementation of quality assurance evaluation will assist
decision makers, in this case the Director General of State Assets (DJKN), in developing and improving the
competence of the directorate’s appraisers in the future. Quality assurance is proven to be effective in
improving the quality of the appraisal, then it can serve as a benchmark for the other unit’s appraisers in
ensuring the quality of their assessment. Quality Assurance (QA) assessment to maintain the quality of
appraisers in DJKN has been appropriately implemented. The assessment measures: 1. Understanding of
appraisal theory, 2. Quality of assessment result, and 3. Ability to communicate and argue. DJKN can continue
administering quality assurance assessment and for other institutions having functional position of appraiser
can benchmark their quality assurance assessment with DKJN’s good practice.
1 INTRODUCTION
DJKN is an Echelon I unit under the Ministry of
Finance that performs the duties and functions of the
Ministry of Finance in the field of State Asset
Management. The purpose of State Asset
Management is to realize the ordering and
management of state assets that are orderly,
accountable and transparent. This is a formidable
challenge considering the value of state owned
property from year to year always increases
significantly. This means that the scope,
responsibilities and problems DJKN has to face is
increasing.
Within the first five years since its establishment
in 2006, DKJN has focused on the activities to control
the state-owned properties through inventory and
assessment activities. Most of the resources in the
form of budget and human resources both at head
office, regional office and the state wealth service and
auction office (KPKNL) are directed to complete
national program which become not only the DJKN's
responsibility, but also ministry of finance and even
the government of the Republic of Indonesia.
The main benefits of the inventory and appraisal
of the state-owned properties for DJKN do not only
result in the unqualified opinion of the Supreme Audit
Agency (BPK) on the Central Government Financial
Report but also in the availability of accurate BMN
data throughout the Government Work Units which
in total number about 2000 units. The inventory and
appraisal of the state-owned properties provide an
overview for the asset managers-that is the head of
DJKN at the head office, in the regional office and in
KPKNL-to see the real condition of the state-owned
properties that they manage. In performing the
inventory and appraisal, the real goal is to realize the
optimal management of the state assets and make the
values of state-owned properties as references for
various purposes.
To support the scope of these large and broad
assessment tasks, it is necessary to map the strength
Triono, D.
The Role of Quality Assurance (QA) in Maintaining the Quality of the Appraisers of Government Assets in the Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN).
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Islamic Economics, Business, and Philanthropy (ICIEBP 2017) - Transforming Islamic Economy and Societies, pages 427-434
ISBN: 978-989-758-315-5
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
427

of the appraisal human resources in the DJKN, so that
the assessment tasks assigned to the appraisers can be
completed properly. The following is the data
composition of appraisers in the DJKN:
Figure 1: Appraiser composition based on their ranks.
Based on the rank level of the appraiser, figure 1
shows that 40% of the appraisers are Echelon I, and
0% is Echelon IV.
Figure 2: Appraiser composition based on education level.
Based on the education level, figure 2 shows that
51% of the appraisers are D4 / S1 graduates, and 0%
is D1 holder.
Figure 3: Appraiser composition based on age range.
Figure 3 shows that 52% of the appraisers are in
the age range of 40-49, and 2 % of them are < 30 years
old.
Figure 4: Appraiser composition based on gender.
Figure. 4 shows that 84% of the appraisers are
male and 16% are female.
From the figures above we learn that the majority
of DJKN’s assessors are men with age range between
40-49 years old holding D4/Bachelor degrees with
status as executors. In addition to the sufficient
number of assessors, the competency factor is also
very necessary to ensure the quality of the appraisers.
Therefore, DJKN exerts efforts to make sure their
appraisers always have sufficient quality or
competence that can guarantee qualified (accurate)
appraisal. One of the efforts to maintain the quality of
government’s asset valuation in DJKN is through the
implementation of Quality Assurance (QA) by its
appraisers. The results of this activity can be used to
map to the quality of the appraisers which further is
used for consideration in formulating policies related
to quality improvement and guidance. Quality
0%
1%
8%
40%
51%
Appraiser
Composition Based
on Their Ranks
Es. I
Es. II
Es. III
Es. IV
0%
29%
51%
13%
2%
5%
Appraiser
Composition Based
on Education
S3
S2
D4/S1
D3
2%
32%
52%
14%
Appraiser
Composition Based
on Age Range
<30 Th
30-39 Th
40-49 Th
>50 Th
ICIEBP 2017 - 1st International Conference on Islamic Economics, Business and Philanthropy
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Assurance is conducted as a means to evaluate the
understanding of an appraiser in the assessment so
that the resulting value can be accounted for. In the
end, following quality assurance is expected to make
DJKN appraisers professional and qualified.
Nonetheless, the results of the site on site and the
review of the assessment report still indicate mistakes
in the preparation of the appraisal report. This is the
background of the importance of further research on
the role of Quality Assurance (QA) in maintaining the
quality of the government’s asset appraisers of
DJKN.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Understanding Quality Assurance
(QA)
In general, the definition of Quality Assurance (QA)
includes monitoring, testing and examining all
production processes involved in the production of a
product. Quality assurance ensures that all quality
standards are met by every component of the product
or service the company provides. Quality Assurance
(QA) has the main duties and responsibilities
associated with the role of quality assurance.
Although the exact nature of the quality assurance
work varies according to particular industry, the key
tasks and competencies are intertwined so as to
ensure that the products meet the required quality
standards or are delivered in accordance with
company standards.
2.2 Responsibilities of Quality
Assurance
In general, quality assurance is responsible for
ensuring the product or service meets the specified
standards including the reliability, utility,
performance and general quality standards set by the
company.
Detailed Duties and Responsibilities of Quality
Assurance:
 Having the main duty to plan the procedures of
the quality assurance of a product or service;
 Interpreting and applying quality assurance
standards;
 Evaluating the adequacy of quality assurance
standards;
 Designing samples of procedures and
instructions for recording and reporting quality
data;
 Reviewing the implementation and efficiency of
the quality and inspection of the system to run
as planned, implementing and monitoring test
and inspection of materials and products to
ensure the quality of the finished products;
 Documenting internal audits and other quality
assurance activities;
 Collecting and compiling data of quality
statistic;
 Analyzing data to identify areas for
improvement in the quality system;
 Developing, recommending and monitoring
corrective and preventive actions;
 Identifying training needs and organizing
training interventions to meet quality standards;
 Evaluating audit findings and applying
appropriate corrective actions;
 Managing and reviewing risk management
activities;
 Ensuring continuous compliance with
industry’s defined quality and regulations.
Things a quality assurance personnel should have:
 Customer service orientation;
 Meticulous;
 Details;
 Tactful both in oral and written communication;
 Having ability in data collection;
 Management and analysis;
 Having ability to analyze and solve problem, to
plan and organize decisions, and to make
decisions;
 Team player.
3 METHODOLOGY
This research is designed to be both qualitative and
quantitative in nature. This research used primary and
secondary data. The primary data were obtained from
Focus Discussion Group (FGD), interview, and
questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from
institutions or government institutions. This research
is a case study research. Events analyzed were the
implementation of quality assurance at the
Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN). The
method used was descriptive. According to Nazir
(2009), descriptive method is a method in examining
the status of a group of people, an object, a set of
conditions, a system of thought or a class of events in
the present. The purpose of this descriptive research
is to make a systematic, factual, and accurate
description or illustration about the facts, properties
and relationships between the phenomena under
investigation. The object of this research was the
The Role of Quality Assurance (QA) in Maintaining the Quality of the Appraisers of Government Assets in the Directorate General of State
Assets (DJKN)
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quality assurance at Directorate General of State
Assets (DJKN).
The research type is qualitative with the primary
data taken from various sources or informants. The
qualitative research was conducted at the same time
when qualitative survey was taking place in 07
August 2017. The compilation of the documentation
of the qualitative research results and result analysis
were conducted since 04 September 2017. The
descriptive-qualitative research method chosen was
focused group discussion (FGD).
The research method emphasized more on
interview, triangulation process and FGD. Through
FGD, discussion and group dynamics were expected
to occur so that the conclusions obtained are not
individual opinions but the opinions of a group. Each
FGD was estimated to last between 1-2 and 5 hours.
The researcher's role in this FGD was as a facilitator
who guided the discussion. The documentation of
FGD implementation was done by using recorder,
camera and notes.
As descriptive-qualitative research method used
was focused-group discussion, the author employed
the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to
process the data. The AHP method is a model of
decision-making developed by Thomas L. Saby to
address complex multi-factor problems. The AHP
method is highly relevant as a method to solve
unstructured and dynamic complex situation. (Wan
Usman, 2004). This method is a comprehensive
method in decision or policy making, which occurs in
the decision making process of evaluation analysis of
quality assurance at the Directorate General of State
Assets (DJKN) as the focus of this research.
As expressed by Saaty in Wan Usman (2004),
decision making in a dynamic and rapidly developing
world is a major challenge. The complexity of
decision-making issues lies not only in the
uncertainty of information, but also in the very
complex problem we face in which many factors are
related. When a decision was to be made, there are
typically three conditions or situations encountered,
based on the degree of outcome certainty that follows,
namely:
 Decision making under uncertainty, referring to
situations where there are more than one
possible outcomes of a decision, and the
probability of each possibility is unknown;
 Decision-making at risk, referring to situations
where there are more than one possible
outcomes of a decision, and the probability of
each outcome are known or predictable by the
decision maker;
 Decisions under conditions of certainty,
referring to situations where there is only one
possible outcome of a decision, and these results
are precisely ascertained to the decision maker.
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 FGD Result Analysis
The objective of FGD was to formulate initiatives that
could be undertaken to evaluate quality assurance at
the Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN). In
order to achieve these objective, FGD identified the
specific issues related to quality assurance at the
Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN) whose
solutions would then be endeavored.
Some important questions to be answered from
the discussion are:
 How was the implementation of quality
assurance at the Directorate General of State
Assets (DJKN) evaluated?
 How does quality assurance influence the
Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN) on
its efforts to maintain the quality of the
appraisers?
FGDs were conducted in 2 phases employing 2
different interrelated methods. The first phase was a
discussion panel aiming at establishing the same
viewpoints with regard to the conditions of quality
assurance by providing an overview to the FGD’s
participants from the quality assurance staffs of the
Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN). Such
understanding was very important in the second stage
of FGD.
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Figure 5: Hierarchy method.
Source: Data Process.
The second phase of FGD was done by employing
Zielorientierte Projektplanung (ZOPP) or Object
Oriented Project Planning. ZOPP was developed by
German International Cooperation, a development
cooperation agency funded by the Government of the
Federal Republic of Germany. This method’s
characteristics help build a positive FGD atmosphere.
This method allows a gradual FGD’s planning
procedure, use of visualization, participation and
team work, and the optimization of the knowledge of
FGD participants during brainstorming / discussion
guided by moderator.
Using "if ... then ..." approach, commonly called
the result chain, the ZOPP method guides
participants to construct a logical framework starting
from the execution of activities / interventions to
achievement of the stated objectives. The series of
activities taking place during the FGDs are expected
to involve a wide range of stakeholder levels, ranging
from target groups, support groups, and policy
authorities. Activities carried out will produce an
output and if the various outputs of those series of
activities are utilized by the corresponding
stakeholders, they will achieve intermediary
objectives. Finally, if the goal can be achieved, then
the final goal can be achieved.
ZOPP is implemented in 5 (five) stages:
 Problem analysis, which is the process of
identifying all undesirable circumstances to
achieve the objectives, arranged in a causal
relationship in the form of problem tree until it
can be summed up root cause and core problem.
 Objective Analysis, a stage where participants
formulate the future conditions expected to be
achieved in order to realize the project
objectives and arrange them in a logical
hierarchy to form a goal tree (objectives tree).
 Alternative analysis, referring to the selection of
several options of the result chain in order to
choose the strategy.
 Role analysis, in which the mapping of
stakeholders (groups, organizations /
institutions, individuals etc.) related to or having
interest in the project is done by recognizing
their own interests / priorities, potentials /
weaknesses or barriers.
 Project planning matrix (MPP), referring to a
guideline for project implementation and
supervision. MPP explains the aims and
objectives of the project, the outputs it wants to
generate, the activities undertaken to achieve
output, the outside factors to be monitored, the
objective measures (indicators) to assess
success, the source of information to obtain the
The Role of Quality Assurance (QA) in Maintaining the Quality of the Appraisers of Government Assets in the Directorate General of State
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indicator, and the means and costs necessary to
carry out those activities.
However, this research only ran two FGD stages,
problem analysis and alternative analysis. The FGD
was held in August 2017 at the office of the
Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN).
4.2 Assessment Process
In general the assessment process covers the
following activities:
 Determining appraisal objectives;
 Determining appraisal methods;
 Data collection;
 Data analysis;
 Value determination;
 Composing the assessment report.
In conducting the assessment, an appraiser should
have sufficient knowledge of appraisal theories. In
addition, to successfully do the appraisal, the
appraiser is also required to understand the appraisal
tools prepared by DJKN. In an effort to assist and
improve the quality of the results of the appraisal,
DJKN has made various assessment tools outlined in
the form of regulations (Regulation of the Minister of
Finance, Regulation of the Director General of State
Assets, and Circular of the Director General of State
Assets). The rules are structured to facilitate the
assessors in conducting the assessment. The appraisal
tools contain detailed assessment guides that are
organized according to the type of object and purpose
of the appraisal. Therefore, in order for the results of
the appraisal to remain qualified, the appraisers must
understand the basics of appraisal along with its
appraisal tools and apply them in the appraisal
process.
4.3 The Policy Basis on the
Implementation of Quality
Assurance (QA)
The competency of an assessor is largely determined
by how well the appraisal recruitment process is
carried out. A good recruitment process to fill the
position is the one undertaken under the terms of the
required competency. To have an appraiser with the
desired competencies, DJKN applies several
requirements the prospective appraisers have to
fulfill. Those requirements are:
 Civil Servant of DJKN;
 Physically and mentally healthy;
 Being the holder of Strata I / Sarjana certificate;
 Never been subjected to disciplinary penalties in
the last 3 (three) years;
 Having passed appraisal training with a
minimum of 200 hours training practice;
 Having competency as an appraisal, evidenced
by the letter of recommendation from the
Director.
In order to gain a recommendation from the
Director of DJKN Appraisal, the appraiser candidate
will be tested in advance or undergo a competency
verification test which is conducted in the form of:
 Written test, which tests the candidate’s
knowledge of appraisal theory. Through this
written examination, the candidate’s
understanding of the appraisal theories will be
unveiled;
 Interview. Before becoming an appraiser,
usually a DJKN employee has ever participated
as a team member for an appraisal project. This
happens in accordance with existing regulations.
So before being appointed as an appraiser a
DJKN employee is likely to have appraisal
experience. This interview is meant to find out
and explore further on the candidate’s past
experience and understanding of any related
appraisal theories.
After passing the written examination and
interview process, the DJKN’s Director of Appraisal
will decide whether to give or not the
recommendation to the prospective appraiser.
The legal basis for the implementation of Quality
Assurance is the Regulation of the Minister of
Finance Number 64 / PMK.06 / 2016 pertaining the
Government Appraiser within the Directorate
General of State Assets, article 24 paragraph 1,
stating that: The Director carries out the appraisal of
Appraisers of the Directorate General at Head Office,
Regional Office, and Service Office in the forms of:
 Technical guidance on the implementation of
Appraisal;
 Appraisal Performance Analysis;
 Improvement of the Quality of Appraisers; and
 Periodical Assessment of the Competency Level
of Appraisers.
To carry out the legislation mandate, DJKN uses
quality assurance as a means to guide all DJKN
assessors.
The Quality Assurance (QA) assessment given to
all DJKN assessors is implemented in the following
manner:
 Written test, testing participants about appraisal
theory. This written examination will measure
how far the prospective appraisers understand
the theories of the appraisal;
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 The presentation of the assessment report
candidate ever made. In this process the
prospective appraiser will present the
assessment report they have ever made, and then
their assessment reports will undergo a desk
review and be discussed from the points of view
of the appraisal theory and regulation. Doing
this we can know the quality of the appraisal
works ever done. In addition, this presentation
session will also unveil other capabilities of the
prospective appraisers that is their ability to
communicate and argue. The presentation of the
new appraisal report has started since 2016.
The written test consists of 180 questions which
have to be completed in 120 minute. The components
of questions and the weighting of quality assurance
assessment are as follows:
 Theory and practice : 100 questions;
 Appraisal report : 30 questions;
 Law and regulation : 50 questions.
After completing the tests, each prospective
appraiser will receive appraiser competency score
with the following criteria:
 80-100 : Very good;
 70-79 : Good;
 60-69 : Sufficient;
 40-59 : Need Improvement;
 <40 : Less Competence.
The data competence assessors DJKN nationally
are as follows:
 Very good : 2,2%
 Good : 17,2%
 Sufficient : 40,5%
 Needs to be improved : 36,6%
 Less : 3,2%
4.4 Conformity of Assessment Tasks to
Quality Assurance
Viewed from the appraisal process and conducted by
the DJKN appraiser, the competencies DJKN
assessors must have include:
 Competency in data retrieval;
 Competency in data analysis;
 Competency in the use of assessment tools;
 Competency in determining appraisal results;
 Competency in appraisal report preparation
These competencies can be gained through self-
learning process, training and work experience.
Quality Assurance method enables DJKN to gauge all
its assessor's competence better and more objectively,
so that the result of quality assurance implemented by
DJKN really reflects the competency of its existing
appraisers.
4.5 Field Constraints
The constraints faced by DJKN appraisers related to
the implementation of quality assurance are:
 Regarding the questions given in quality
assurance, some participants felt that some of
the questions given when Quality Assurance
(QA) were a bit tricky;
 Practically speaking, only some of the
assessment theories and assessment tools are
used when conducting field appraisal, but in
quality assurance test all assessment theories are
tested. For this reason, the participants felt that
the test during was too heavy difficult.
On the organizer side, the constraints faced during
the administration of the quality assurance test were:
 Cost, which was due to the fact that the
administration of quality assurance was
conducted for all DJKN appraisers, involving
around 1200 people spread throughout
Indonesia.
 Geographic. The centralized administration of
quality assurance test caused great difficulty.
This is reasonable due to our country being a
vast territory and thus causing transportation
problem as some participants could not easily
reach the assessment site. It would be wise to
decentralize the quality assurance assessment
based on the location of DKJN regional offices.
Decentralization allows the assessment
executing officer at the DJKN head office to
simultaneously conduct quality assurance
assessment.
 Database of problem questions. Tremendous
efforts are called for as there is a growing need
to keep the problem questions updated with the
development of existing the quality assurance
assessment theories and regulations.
5 CONCLUSIONS
Quality Assurance (QA) assessment to maintain the
quality of appraisers in DJKN has been appropriately
implemented. The assessment measures:
 Understanding of appraisal theory;
 Quality of assessment result;
 Ability to communicate and argue.
DJKN can continue administering quality
assurance assessment. Other institutions having
functional position of appraiser can benchmark their
quality assurance assessment with DKJN’s good
practice. Nevertheless, in order to improve the
The Role of Quality Assurance (QA) in Maintaining the Quality of the Appraisers of Government Assets in the Directorate General of State
Assets (DJKN)
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implementation of quality assurance assessment by
DJKN, it is suggested that:
 The problem questions should be developed in
such a way that they exactly measure the
competencies of the prospective appraisers. The
current question problems in quality assurance
assessment are not related to the substance of the
question, but rather to the way or the rules.
 It is necessary to create a special team or
working group consisting of academicians and
practitioners with the task to develop problem
questions for quality assurance assessment, so
that assessment problems and their preparation
principles can be substantially improved.
 The task ahead of DJKN is to consider how to
make the appraisers, especially those assigned
in the regional offices, not only proficient in
performing field appraisal but also avid learners
to keep themselves abreast with the
development of the science of appraisal.
 It is worth considering to have appraisers
differentiated by their specialization, so a
property appraiser is different from business
appraisers or public appraisers. Specialization
among appraisers can help DKJN maintain its
work quality.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This paper had been fully supported by Dr Betty
Riandini (Indonesian Institute of Sciences). Thanks
for their helpful assistance in supervising and data
analysing.
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