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(three-item statements), Workplace Environment
(three-item statements), Social and Environmental
Responsibility (three-item statements), and
Financial Performance (four-item statements).
Ou and Abratt (2006) made the first attempt to
apply Reputation Quotient in retail industry and call
it as Retailer Reputation. Their study was conducted
for supermarket customers in Taiwan. Their findings
show that from six dimensions of Reputation
Quotient, one dimension was dropped due to lack of
reliability and the other five dimensions converged
into three new dimensions namely, Company
Assessment (six- item statements), Emotional
Appeal (five-item statements), and Leadership
Perceptions (four-item statements). Though
Emotional Appeal is still the same dimension from
Reputation Quotient, but the item statements become
five items compare to the previous one, which was
three items.
Davies et al. (2004) have developed a new
construct to measure reputation based on three
approaches, direct approaches, projective approaches
and qualitative approaches. These approaches are
derived from extensive literature review from 1972
up to 2000. They come up with a new measurement
for reputation, which they call as Corporate Character
Scale, involving dimensions: Agreeableness,
Enterprise, Competence, Chic, Ruthlessness,
Informality, and Machismo. Agreeableness consists
of three sub dimensions namely, warmth, empathy
and integrity measured by thirteen-item statements.
Enterprise consists of three sub dimensions namely,
modernity, adventure and boldness measured by nine-
item statements. Competence consists of three sub
dimensions namely, conscientiousness, drive, and
technocracy measured by nine-item statements. Chic
consists of three sub dimensions namely, elegance,
prestige and snobbery measured by eight-item
statements. Ruthless consists of two sub dimensions
namely, egotism and dominance measured by six-
item statements. Informality is measured by three-
item statements without sub dimensions and
Machismo is measured by three-item statements
without sub dimensions.
Vidaver-Cohen (2007) constructs reputation
predictors for business school based on the RepTrak
model from Reputation Institution. Her Business
School Reputation has two views, reputation
predictors and reputation perceptions. Reputation
predictors are related to business-school-quality
dimensions, which are performance, product,
service, leadership, governance, workplace,
citizenship and innovation. Reputation perceptions
are related to business-school-reputation assessments
with dimensions of trust, admiration, good feeling,
and perceived public esteem. She further adds a
mediator of stakeholder expectations and moderator
of third party judgements.
Järvinen and Suomi (2011) use reputation
construct by Vidaver-Cohen (2007) in their research
in retail context. They argue that reputation in retail
is based on not only stakeholders but also customers.
The quality dimensions that they have found are
similar with Vidaver-Cohen (2007) model with some
changes. The dimensions are performance, services,
products, leadership, governance, workplace
climate, citizenship, innovation and location.
Location is one of the new sub dimensions found by
Järvinen and Suomi (2011) which is different to
Vidaver-Cohen (2007). It is recommended to have
bigger car park lot in bigger cities. Other than that
major differences of Järvinen and Suomi (2011) lie
on their attributes and contents.
Walsh and Beatty (2007) have developed a new
multi-dimensional construct for reputation based on
customers’ perspective and named it as Customer-
Based-Reputation (CBR). CBR has 5 dimensions and
31-item statements to measure the dimensions. The
dimensions are Customer Oriented (six-item
statements), Good Employer (five-item statements),
Reliable and Financially Strong Company (nine-
item statements), Product and Service Quality
(five-item statements), Social and Environmental
Responsibilities (four-item statements). Walsh and
Beatty study is based on Fombrun et al. (2000). The
dimension of customer oriented is totally new
dimension and new items compare to the other
variables where most of them following the work of
Fombrun et al. (2000). Five item statements of good
employer are from workplace environment, vision
and leadership and social and environmental
responsibility. Nine item statements of reliable and
financially strong company come from financial
performance, vision and leadership, and focus group
study result. Five item statements of product and
service quality are from products and services of
Fombrun et al. (2000). The social and environmental
responsibilities item statements are similar to that of
Fombrun et al. (2000).
Walsh et al. (2012) further confirm the use of
Customer-Based Reputation in service industries
namely, banks, telecommunication service providers,
retailers and restaurants in French. They measure
reputation based on reflective measure instead in
contrast to formative measure by Helm (2005). In line
with Walsh and Beatty (2007) findings, they also
have the perfect model fit for Customer-Based
Reputation including the sequence.
ICIEBP 2017 - 1st International Conference on Islamic Economics, Business and Philanthropy
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