Revitalization Model of Multifuctional Posyandu

An Intefrated Service Post

Leni Anggraeni, Muhammad Halimi and S. W. Tanshzil

Departemen Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, FPIPS, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia,

Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No.229 Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

l_anggraeni@upi.edu

Keywords: revitalization, multifunctional posyandu, community.

Abstract: Posyandu is one of the vital aspects in the development and empowerment of rural communities. However,

in its implementation, posyandu only plays a role in basic social services in the form of the services for

children under five years old and pregnant women. Therefore the posyandu function is considered beyond the

expectations and objectives set by the Indonesian government. Therefore this research aimed to know the

revitalization of multifunctional posyandu program as an alternative to the empowerment of rural

communities in Jayamekar Village, Padalarang District, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. This study adopts

a qualitative approach of case study, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation,

and documentation studies. The findings indicate that multifunctional posyandu is not only focus on health

services, but also able to touch the field of education and family economy as well as can be a strengthening

of social services that can become embryo of service learning in the rural community’s environment.

1 INTRODUCTION

Integrated Service Post or often called Posyandu is a

form of effort in improving health sourced from the

community (Soedirham, 2012; Leimena, 1989) and

managed from, by, for, and with the community. In

the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs of the

Republic of Indonesia Number 19 Year 2011,

Posyandu plays a role in basic social organization

related to (1) nutrition and health development of

mother and child; (2) disease control and

environmental sanitation; (3) clean and healthy life

behavior; (4) elderly health; (5) BKB; (6) PAUD

Post; (7) acceleration of diversification of food

consumption; (8) the empowerment of the poor,

remote indigenous communities and persons with

social welfare problems; (9) adolescent reproductive

health; and (10) the improvement of family economy.

In connection with the function of Posyandu,

since 2001 the government has instructed the

Posyandu revitalization program. The background of

the Posyandu revitalization program according to the

General Guidance of Posyandu Revitalization made

by the Minister of Home Affairs and Regional

Autonomy in 2001 is the lack of the functioning of

Posyandu so that its performance is low, partly due to

the low ability of cadres and guidance from the

elements of the Village Government and the related

offices/agencies/institutions, which then resulted in

low public interest to use Posyandu. Therefore,

efforts should be made in empowering the cadres to

be more professional in monitoring the growth and

development of children, as well as building

community partnerships to enhance support and taps

Posyandu optimally. The effort has been initiated

through various activities such as socialization,

training and Posyandu Revitalization Workshop

during 1999-2000.

From the revitalization program that has been

running for many years, there are still many problems

related to Posyandu. The problems need to get more

attention so it will not become an increasingly

difficult problem to overcome. One thing that can be

done is to activate the program of multifunctional

Posyandu. The implementation of multifunctional

Posyandu is not only focused on health service, but

also able to touch other fields such as education and

family economy. In the economic field, Posyandu can

be a community tool to empower the pre-welfare

family (Soedirham, 2012), people with social welfare

problem in order not to be in the low life quality

Anggraeni, L., Halimi, M. and Tanshzil, S.

Revitalization Model of Multifuctional Posyandu - An Intefrated Service Post.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education (ICSE 2017) - Volume 1, pages 531-536

ISBN: 978-989-758-316-2

531

forever. Moreover, Posyandu can be a tool of learning

for service based community (service learning).

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Revitalization of Multifunctional

Posyandu

Posyandu (Integrated Service Post) is one form of

Community Based Health Efforts (UKBM)

implemented by, from and with the community, to

empower and provide convenience to the community

to obtain health services for mother, baby and toddler.

Posyandu in general can be divided into four levels,

namely: (1) Posyandu Pratama; (2) Posyandu Madya;

(3) Posyandu Purnama and (4) Posyandu Mandiri.

Revitalization is an attempt to revive various

programs of activity that existed in the past. Posyandu

is an appropriate container for revitalization in the

development of the program, because Posyandu is

one form of Community Based Health Efforts

(UKBM) managed from, by, for and with the

community in obtaining basic health services. The

development of Posyandu revitalization program

related to the Minister of Home Affairs and Regional

Autonomy Letter dated 13 June 2001 on General

Guidance of Posyandu Revitalization. Its success

indicators include the fulfillment of basic health

needs and the improvement of the nutritional status of

the community by empowering the community in

every activity that focuses on the approach strategy of

Community Based Health Efforts (UKBM) with

access to socio-cultural capital of the community

based on the values of gotong-royong tradition rooted

in the life of the community toward independence and

self-reliance community. In the area of West Java

Province, revitalization of multifunctional posyandu

is one of the government's missions contained in the

Strategic Plan of Community Empowerment Official

and Village Government (BPMPD) of West Java

Province which has a goal to create posyandu that is

not only engaged in health, but also in the other fields

such as education and economy.

2.2 The Overview of Rural Community

Empowerment

he concept of empowerment has emerged since the

1970s and continues to grow to present time. In

writing, Adams (2013) states that the concept of

empowerment is a tool to help individuals, groups and

communities so that they are able to manage the

environment and achieve their goals, so as to work

and help themselves and others to maximize the

quality of life. In this case, empowerment is able to

cover the concept of community development,

community-based development and then

development performed by community.

The three processes of community empowerment

(Pigg, 2002), firstly, the awareness stage, the target is

the poor who should be given "enlightenment" by

giving awareness that they have the right to be able to

face the problems faced. They must be motivated that

they have the ability to escape from the cycle of

poverty. Second, the stage of expropriation, this stage

consists of three types of exploitation, namely

expropriation of human, organization and value

system. Third, the awareness stage, at this stage the

target is given power or strength, dictionary, authority

or opportunity adjusted to the capabilities so that the

target can run the given power and cab bring better

change.

3 METHODS

The approach used in this research is qualitative

approach with case study method (Baxter and Jack,

2008; Yin, 2009; Baskarada, 2014). Research

location is in Jayamekar Village Padalarang district

West Bandung regency. The subjects in this study are

the Board and the Implementer of Posyandu

Jayamekar Village, Community, Village Government

officials of Jayamekar and West Bandung Regency

Health Office. Data collection techniques were done

through interview, documentation and observation.

Data analysis techniques consists of three streams of

activity that are done simultaneously namely: data

reduction, data presentation, and

conclusion/verification (Miles, Huberman, and

Saldana, 2014).

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 The Planning Multifunctional

Posyandu

The implementation of planning is an important

program implementation stage. That essentially

planning is a conscious, organized and continuous

effort to choose the best alternative from a number of

alternatives available to achieve a particular goal. The

planning undertaken in the development of

ICSE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education

532

Multifunctional Posyandu is illustrated in the

following figure 1.

Figure 1: Planning stage of Posyandu development program.

Source: Processed by Researcher, 2017

The explanation of the planning chart of the

development of Multifunctional Posyandu

Revitalization above is analyzed in the following

description:

4.1.1 The Assessment of Values, Vision and

Mission of Posyandu

The development of Multifunctional Posyandu

Kuntum Mekar 18 Jayamekar Village is conducted by

organizing innovation and development activities

without leaving the obligation to carry out the main

activity. The implementation of the revitalization

development of Multifunctional Posyandu Kuntum

Mekar 18 has various values development. The

values developed are self-reliance, concern, social

responsibility, democracy, and hard work. The

existence of character value and community

competence development in Posyandu program

explains that Multifunctional Posyandu Kuntum

Mekar 18 becomes a forum that organizes Civic

Education for the cadres and the community

involved. That conceptually, in the context of the

development of the scientific structure, civic

education is a vehicle of democratic education

containing three conceptual interactive dimensions,

namely civic scientific studies, civic curricular

program, and civic socio-cultural activities.

Multifunctional Posyandu is a vehicle formed by the

community to perform various socio-cultural

activities (Chiu, 2004). The community conduct

direct learning to develop themselves as well as

contribute to solve various problems.

4.1.2 The Mapping of Social and

Community Needs

This mechanism is carried out by polling in the Focus

Group Discussion (FGD). In the concept of

community empowerment, social mapping is

systematic process of community depiction and

involves the collection of data and information about

the community, including the profile and social

problems that exist in the community. The potential

and problem mapping activities are carried out with

the steps that include: (1) the description of Posyandu

condition that will integrate basic services; (2) the

number of families with children aged 0-6 years; (3)

cadres willing to assist in activities; (4) community

awareness and participation to support activities; and

(5) facilities and infrastructure. Then community

needs assessment was conducted. In the field data, the

needs of Jayamekar Village community are not only

in the health sector, but also in the areas of religion,

education, hygiene, living environment and economy.

The programs developed from this needs analysis

create various thoughts to create innovation program.

This program covers the needs that can not be

achieved by the implementation of the main program

and the development program.

4.1.3 The Determination of Action Plan

The last stage of planning is the arrangement of

programs or action plans. Multifunctional Posyandu

Kuntum Mekar 18 undertakes the determination of

the program by involving various elements of society

to determine the following aspects: Needs felt by the

community, types of programs to be implemented,

The study of vision & mission va

ues Ma

ping of community potention & needs

Determination of action plan

arac

value i

gram

2. Determination

vision

mision

3. Relation

between

program

vision

mision

and

civic

educa

1.S

cial ma

2.Need

assessment

3.The

parties

involved

1.Resul

gram

made

the

parties

involved

Revitalization Model of Multifuctional Posyandu - An Intefrated Service Post

533

potential human resources available, supporting

elements of the implementation of program activities,

program implementation strategies, and monitoring

system and Program evaluation. From the

determination of the action plan, there are three

classifications of the program, namely the main

program, the development or optional program, and

the innovation program.

4.2 The Implementation of

Multifunctional Posyandu as

Community Empowerment

The existence of Multifunctional Posyandu provides

opportunity to every community (cadres) who are

volunteer and have time to develop self-competence

through the provision of health services and other

services. Posyandu became the forerunner of the

implementation of service-based learning and create

Jayamekar community as social learner. If it is

analyzed from the perspective of community

empowerment, the implementation of

Multifunctional Posyandu is part of community

empowerment using Participatory Learning and

Action (PLA) method. PLA is a new form of

community empowerment formerly known as

"learning by doing" or learning while working.

Associated with Multifunctional Posyandu, PLA is a

method that principle is the same with the service of

Posyandu. Cadres as Posyandu managers are first

given basic skills training on how to serve the

community. Furthermore, the cadres are given the

freedom to learn by performing services directly

monitored by expert cadres or partners outside

Posyandu such as Public Health Center or even

higher level of Posyandu. In relation to the work

program implemented, Multifunctional Posyandu has

implemented various activities in accordance with the

planned. Activities that have been implemented

include the main program, development program, and

innovation program. As for the classification of the

implemented program is presented in the following

analysis.

4.2.1 The Main Activity Program

The main activity program is an activity program that

must be implemented by Posyandu as a forum in

Community Based Health Effort (UKBM). There are

five main programs implemented by Multifunctional

Posyandu Kuntum Mekar 18, including:

 Maternal and Child Health (MCH) that is a

program implemented to provide services to

people who are pregnant and have just given

birth.

 Family Planning (KB), that is a program

launched to reduce birth rates and to prepare the

community to become qualified family.

 Nutrition, that is a program implemented to

improve the quality of health by providing

awareness to the community about food

nutrition.

 Primary Immunization for Toddler, they are

BCG, DPT, CAMPAK, POLIO Immunization

and Tetanus Toxoid Immunization, for Couples

of Breastfeeding (PUS), Women of Fertile

(WUS) and Pregnant Women that are provided

by Health Officers.

 Diarrhea Prevention is done through

environmental health counseling and personal

counseling, as Prevention well as providing

insight into Oralite use.

4.2.2 The Developmental/Optional Activities

Multifunctional Posyandu Kuntum Mekar 18

organizes several developmental programs, some of

them are as follows.

 Family Building that is an activity which is

carried out specifically to provide family

strengthening. The implementation of this

family building includes Toddler Family

Planning (TFB), Elderly Family Building

(EFB), and Youth Family Building (YFB).

 Early Childhood Education (ECE) in RW 18

was established on October 10, 2009 under the

name Nusa Indah. Early Childhood Education

(ECE), had been established according to the

Head of Jayamekar Village Decree number

27/skep/JYM/VIII/2010.

 PIK-Teenagers, which is a container for running

PKBR (Family Service for Youth) which is

managed by, from, for adolescents to provide

reproductive health counseling service and

preparation of family life.

 Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS), Nutrition

Awareness (Kadarzi), and Environmental

Health are a series of activities to improve the

quality of public health.

 Family Medicine Park and Nutrition Park that is

an activity of exploiting empty land of RW to

plant various medicinal plants.

4.2.3 Innovation Activities

Defined innovation as new ideas, new practices, or

objects that can be perceived as something new by

individuals or societies. Basic thought of

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534

Multifunctional Posyandu Kuntum Mekar 18

organizes innovation activity is to fill daily activities

and accompanied by the effort of utilization of

opportunity and land that can be made effective (Nam

and Pardo, 2011). Some innovation activities

conducted by Multifunctional Posyandu Kuntum

Mekar 18 are: (1) Green House, that is an activity to

create green environment in Jayamekar Village; (2)

Cultivation of Catfish, that is fish breeding activity

jointly managed to increase the economic power of

Posyandu and citizens; (3) Garbage sodaqoh program

is a program to manage garbage so that garbage does

not harm human life and make garbage as medium of

virtue; (4) Biopori, that is the activity of perforating

the ground with the aim of accelerating the absorption

of rain water; (5) Effort of Income-Generating for

Welfare Family (EIGWF) is a program implemented

in the form of a revolving loan program; (6) Reading

House is a program that makes one of the Cadres

house of Posyandu Kuntum Mekar 18 as Education

Development House, with the motto "Smart Child,

Smart Family, Smart Environment", at Reading

House of Posyandu RW 18, called Kuntum Mekar

Reading House; (7) Toddler Mothers Group is a

group of mothers who have children under the age of

five bundled in Mama Dede Pintar dan Aktif (Made

Piktif).

4.3 Program Evaluation

In addition to the implementation, an important stage

of analysis is the evaluation stage. Evaluation

activities always include activities: (1) observation;

(2) comparing the results of observations with the

existing or pre-determined guidelines; and (3)

decision making or assessment on the object

observed. The form of evaluation conducted by

Multifunctional Posyandu is where the evaluation is

done with two types, namely on going evaluation, and

type of ex-post evaluation or the final evaluation. The

first type of evaluation is done by Posyandu a day

after the activity is implemented. In this case, event

activities are always carried out evaluation a day

after. The second type of evaluation is performed

when the annual period of work will be completed or

if there is an evaluation of Pokjanal Posyandu at the

sub-district level as well as in the regency or even the

province.

The criteria of success according to Minister of

Home Affairs Regulation no. 193 on General

Guidelines for Posyandu Revitalization are as

follows:

 Input Indicators, based on: 1) Number of

trained and active cadres, 2) Number of cadres

who have access to improve their economy, 3)

the availability of financing support from local

communities, government and donor agencies

for Posyandu activities.

 Output Indicators, based on: 1) The increased

frequency of Posyandu cadre training, 2) The

increased frequency of assistance and guidance

of Posyandu, 3) The increased types of services

to be provided, 4) The increased community

participation for Posyandu, 5) The strengthened

monitoring capacity of child growth.

 Outcome indicators, based on: (1) The

increased nutritional status of children under

five, (2) The reduced number of children whose

weight is not enough to rise, (3) The reduced

prevalence of child diseases (worms, diarrhea,

ISPA), (4) The reduced prevalence of pregnant

women's anemia and nursing mothers, (5) The

steady pattern of good child care at the family

level, (6) The sustainable continuity of

Posyandu.

From the various indicators of success above, the

revitalization development of Multifunctional

Posyandu Kuntum Mekar 18 has significant success.

Range from input, output, to outcome indicators are

almost achieved optimally. This achievement is

supported by a variety of factors especially from

internal or external Posyandu.

4.4 The Utilization of Posyandu

Revitalization Program

Development

The result of the character competence (affective) of

society is the existence mindset change related to the

independence, cooperation, caring, creativity and

responsibility (Hoeven and Verhoeven, 2013). The

results of posyandu's intellectual competence

(Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham, 2005) as a forum

for improving public health provide significant

improvement to public knowledge about ideal age of

pregnancy, the distance of the first child with the

second child, fetal health and so forth. The results of

Posyandu’s skills competencies (Gail Sturgess, 2012)

provide various skills to the community including the

skills of becoming an educator and developing the

learning process in the ECE activities program,

having innovation dissemination skills, and

possessing facilitation skills which means the ability

to facilitate or demonstrate the resources of

convenience to the community. In addition, the cadres

have the skills of consultation and advocation (Rull

and Tidy, 2014), i.e. the skill as adviser or bestower

of alternative problem solving as well as able to

Revitalization Model of Multifuctional Posyandu - An Intefrated Service Post

535

provide aid role related to decision formula/taking.

Posyandu activities provide many advantages for the

community, either as participants or cadres. The

advantages given by Posyandu is not only on the

increased of the citizens’ competence, but also in the

process of fulfilling the needs of proper health and

life. Multifunctional Posyandu gives strengthening

on family roles as the smallest social system to be

powered and release various dependency on many

things (Tejasari, Nuryadi, and Rokhmah, 2015). The

existence of Multifunctional Posyandu provides

introduction on how the community can have

beneficial to other people (Arviyani, Aryatika and

Suryadiana, 2013).

5 CONCLUSIONS

It can be concluded that the multifunctional posyandu

revitalization model is one of the alternatives to

empower villagers to be more proactive. Because

posyandu developing in the community is still far

from the expectations and goals that have been set by

government. By re-activating the multifunctional

posyandu that has been revitalized, it can be public

health effort managed from community, by

community, and for community.

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