People’s Readiness in Confronting with the Construction of

Cisumdawu Toll Road

Pradikta Prisma Waris Damier

Sociology Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia

pradiktadamier@student.upi.edu

Keywords: People’s readiness, The Construction of Cisumdawu Toll Road.

Abstract: There is an incompatibility between expectation and reality in the process of the construction of Cisumdawu

Toll Road appearing various responses from the people of Citali village. The process is not only physical but,

it requires people’s readiness in dealing with the development. It takes a preparation so that generates the

balance of life between people’s condition and the environment. Using a qualitative approach with a case

study method where data is collected by observing and interviewing the people of Citali village. This study

aims to detect how people’s readiness in confronting the construction of Cisumdawu toll road. People’s

reaction is variety, a positive or negative response depending on what they sense. Almost the majority people

are ready for the development, viewed by utilizing their compensation of the acquitting land efficiently.

However, a few people show that they are unprepared. Besides that, the development process affects the

alteration on the people of Citali village in the environment aspect, social and economic.

1 INTRODUCTION

The alteration is an attempt of change based on a

certain perspective choice that aims to escalate a

standard of living spiritually and materially

(Soekanto, 2006). Nowadays, the infrastructure

availability is getting improved in Indonesia. The

infrastructure sector is one of the vital sectors that can

trigger the economic development which is an

elementary sector that links various economy

activities (Purwoto and Kurniawan, 2009). The

infrastructure construction could role in materializing

people rights basic such as an economy, security,

education, health etc. so that they could lead to a

better nation than it was before. The highway

construction is of the infrastructure development

forms which are planned to do. It aims to decrease the

traffic rate that occurs frequently in Indonesia. Even

though, during utilizing the highway costs more but,

people’s needs of a highway is beyond the cost.

Regarding The Indonesian Constitution No.

38/2004 article 44 on Roads mentioned that:

The highway is a common road which is part of

the roads network system and as a national road

whose users are supposed to pay. Highway as a part

of the road network system is also an alternate route.

But, in certain circumstance, the highway could not

be an alternate route.

The aims and benefits of highway construction

according to Indonesia Toll Road Authority (BPJT

2012):

The aims of highway construction:

 Unleashing the traffic flow in develop area

 Escalating distribution of goods and services to

support economic development

 Improving the equity as the result of the

development

 Decreasing government financed by

participating of using toll road

The benefits of highway construction:

 The toll road construction allowing an impact on

regional development and economic

improvement

 The increasing of people mobility and

accessibility

 The users will save time and vehicle operating

cost (BOK) compared to cross non-toll road

 Business entity will have a feedback of

investment through toll road income depending

on toll roads tariff

The construction of Cisumdawu toll road which is

one of the toll road projects that crosses Cileunyi-

Damier, P.

People’s Readiness in Confronting with the Construction of Cisumdawu Toll Road.

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education (ICSE 2017) - Volume 2, pages 81-85

ISBN: 978-989-758-316-2

Sumedang and Cirebon Dawuan. This toll road is a

continually plan from the south that will link

Cikampek – Purwakarta – Padalarang and Cileunyi

toll to the north Cikampek - Palimanan Cirebon

Dawuan. The construction of toll road in Sumedang

regency is generally one of the efforts to increase and

maintain the infrastructure services in backing the

region growth, especially for the people of Citali

village, Pamulihan district, Sumedang.

The people of Citali village is of the impacted

victim of land acquitting for Cisumdawu toll. Almost

3.207 hectares of Citali village are acquitted but, only

2.747 hectares released. Citali village is a circle

center where the Cisumdawu toll is going to

construct. However, the construction of Cisumdawu

toll is finished yet. The land execution is at 91 %, the

rest of them is in the process of negotiation with the

toll authority. The construction process of

Cisumdawu toll seems to slow even though in the

progress not decline.

People are the success factor in the development

process where utilizing people’s land as an area for

the construction of Cisumdawu toll road will

definitely affect them. Therefore, it requires

cooperation from all sides particularly the people.

Sometimes, the factor of people’s willingness

becomes a failure reason of the development. The

people’s readiness is “the degree to which a

community is ready to take action on an issue” (Marry

Ann Pentz on (Edwards, Jumper-thurman, Plested,

Oetting, and Swanson, 2000). The development can

be said success if the people have been ready

otherwise if the people were not ready for the

development then it could probably fail. The people

readiness variable can be viewed from the perception

and motivation of an individual on an issue and the

response to the issue (Wijaya and Wiryawan, 2013).

In constructing Cisumdawu toll road, the people

willingness viewed form their response also

utilization the compensation from the acquitting land.

The response describes how far people knowledge

and response in the development. While utilizing the

compensation is one of the behaviors in preparing

themselves for the Cisumdawu toll road construction.

Surely, either the response or the behavior is showed

differently based on what they feel.

Besides that, the toll road construction is an

attempt planned/policy where the impact is

unpredictable. The effect of policy can be detected

from the change of people’s behavior after the policy

was implemented or the change of people’s condition

(Dye on (Janu Muhammad, Aan Pambudi, 2015). The

alteration affects and directs the people of Citali

village in the environment sector, social and

economy. Moreover, the direction of the change does

not always allow a positive impact on the people.

Therefore, it requires a preparation and readiness in

the process of Cisundawu toll road construction so

that can minimize the negative effect due to the

construction.

2 METHOD

This study about the people’s readiness in facing the

construction of Cisumdawu toll road is performed in

the people of Citali village. The informant selection

in this study is purposive by determining the number

of informant corresponding with data adequacy. The

informant is selected by certain consideration such as

they feel directly the impact of Cisumdawu toll road

construction including local government agency and

local figure Pamulihan district, Sumedang. The

people of Citali village is one of the impacted people

due to the construction of Cisumdawu toll road.

Through qualitative approach with a case study

method, this study is not about to examine the

hypothesis but, try to sum up some different

information from every informant about people’s

readiness in confronting the construction of

Cisumdawu toll road so that obtaining obvious

describing. Data collection is by observing,

interviewing, literature study and documentation

study. It is expected that there will be an answer also

comprehension about people’s readiness in

confronting with a development.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 People’s Response on the

Construction of Cisumdawu Toll

Road

Citali village is one of the villages located in

Pamulihan district, Sumedang regency, West Java.

Monograph data in 2013 showed that the number

population of Citali village were about 4.057 people

with population density 365 per Km2. Citali village is

one of the impacted villages due to the construction

project of Cisumdawu toll road. The result of this

study shows that the people of Citali village have a

different response to the construction. The responses

are the result of the construction process. The

response will appear when one or a group of people

feel the presence of an object then interpret the felt

ICSE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education

object. It means that basically, a response is a

comprehension process on what occurs in the

environment, man and their behaviors, are the

symbiosis mutualism to deny the object

(Poerwadarminta, 1993).

The response structures consist of three

components that back one another which is a

cognitive component, affective and conative. From

these components, then, it comes up a response

whether it is a positive or negative (Saifuddin, 2000).

The people of Citali village gives a positive and

negative answer corresponding with what they

recognize and sense due to the construction of

Cisumdawu toll road. Basically, the people agree

even deliver a warm welcome for the construction

because of the positive impact that they will have

after the construction completes. The people realize

that the benefit of the construction of Cisumdawu toll

road is not only sensed by the villagers but, also for

other people who utilize the infrastructure. It cannot

be denied that there is a possibility for some of them

are not delighted with the construction. In this scale,

the study tries to figure out how the people of Citali

village respond on the construction process of

Cisumdawu toll road which is people’s knowledge

(depth comprehensive), participation, and their

reaction to the development.

Based on knowledge category, most people of

Citali village recognize the plan of Cisumdawu toll

road construction but, not all people figure it out

about the construction. It is because the socialization

program is delivered to some representations so that

information would not be socialized very well. Their

understanding of the construction is limited by what

they detect and observe when the process of

construction is still ongoing but, they do not

recognize every detail such as the sides who involve

in this construction.

Based on an affective category, cannot be denied

that there some who are apathetic about the

construction of Cisumdawu toll road so that they do

not concern on the construction process. Some of

them agree forcedly with the construction because of

the negative effect that they sense. However, there

some get involved in the construction process in the

form of material, idea, and energy. It can be seen from

their participation in the construction. Sometimes the

villagers provide some foods or shelter for the

workers. To bridge the aspiration between them and

the toll road authority, the villagers form a group that

is called “the ninth Committee (panitia Sembilan)”.

Viewed from the field, the people’s responses are

quite different. Some feel delighted with the

construction because they benefit a lot.

3.2 People’s Readiness in Dealing with

the Construction of Cisumdawu

Toll Road

The readiness of Citali village people on the

construction of Cisumdawu toll road viewed from the

compensation. How efficient they are in utilizing the

compensation of the acquitting land. The result of this

study shows that almost most people have been

prepared for the construction.

Before the construction, the people have not

prepared themselves, the preparation is performed

physically and mentally after the compensation is

approved. Before the compensation, the people

conciliate with the toll road authority to meet an

agreement for both sides. The people demand more

money but, the finance is minimum. Until the

conciliation completed, there was still barrier during

the acquitting land. The compensation is

corresponded with the central government regulation

and based on the decision of local government

Sumedang regency. The people are disappointed with

the compensation which has been agreed and

delivered.

There is a different compensation for the

acquitting land, replaced by an empty land for the

shelter or farm. The difference is viewed from a zone

of a construction or the area is located. There are five

zones, to determine the location and land which is

impacted for the acquitting land, consist of Zone 1 is

also an expensive zone because its location in the

roadside of Regency road; Zone 2, the villagers

shelter; Zone 3 is located in the alley; Zone 4 is the

farm in the roadside; and Zone 5 is the farm far from

the road. Besides that, for the productive land, the

compensation costs more due to the plants grow the

land. A small tree or wood is priced 5000 IDR per tree

and for the large tree is priced 25000 IDR per tree.

The calculation for the compensation is measured by

the meter for the shelter while for the land is measured

by hectare.

In 2009, the compensation was priced cheaper

than in 2014. In 2014, the compensation for the

shelter was priced 3 billion IDR per meter while for

the land was priced 2.5 billion IDR. In 2009, the land

was priced 850.000 IDR per meter while for the

shelter was priced 1.350.000 IDR.

In utilizing the compensation, almost the majority

people utilize it for a new house. The compensation

that they get is enough but, not enough to spend the

money on the other secondary needs. In addition, a

house that they buy costs more than the house that

they release for acquitting. To press the cost, they are

likely to buy cheap material for the house so that there

is a little compensation to be saved. Sometimes they

choose to utilize the compensation for venture capital.

People’s Readiness in Confronting with the Construction of Cisumdawu Toll Road

The people realize that the construction of

Cisumdawu toll road does not lead them to the low

level instead bring them to the high level. Even the

people of Manco hamlet (RW 02) in Citali village

utilize the compensation to open their home industry.

But, it depends on the individual self. How clever

they are to utilize the compensation efficiently for the

important thing. There is a possibility that some are

going to be consumptive because they have money in

their hand and spend money on the secondary needs.

Until there is an expression for the people of Citali

village “Ninja heula karek imah” (Buy expensive bike

then house). Their behavior is led by social climber

behavior where they will not be perceived inferior to

other villagers.

The type of those people tends to go hard with

their sustainability lives. Proven by the property that

they own. The bike is broken, the payment is ongoing,

money run out and the house is not completed yet.

Sometimes to cover the shortfall, they borrow some

money. Besides that, there few people who are

courageous enough to build a house around the

boundary of Cisumdawu toll road or the villagers call

this phenomenon as “Rumah Hantu” (ghost house).

They purposely build “Rumah Hantu” (ghost house)

so that they can get another compensation to cover

their shortfall.

The people include the type of people who could

not manage the compensation properly and can be

said as the unprepared people in dealing with the

construction of Cisundawu toll road. However, it only

happens to a few people of Citali village. The

majority of villagers have been prepared for the

construction.

3.3 The Alteration Before and After

the Construction Process of

Cisumdawu Toll Road

Generally, the concept of development is a process or

an attempt of change that is performed purposely to

accomplish a better life than before. So that the

development comprises all change process that is

executed consciously not only progressing economic

aspect but, involving social culture aspect, and

environment (Putra, 2013). To find out the alteration

that occurs in the people of Citali village, the

researcher interviewed the people of Citali village.

This study is carried out intensively so that the answer

is getting clear. The alteration before and after the

process of construction Cisumdawu toll road is not

described completely yet because of the construction

process is ongoing. In this case, a lot of change in the

environment condition, social, and economic. The

findings of this study are displayed in this table 1, 2

and 3 below:

Table 1: The result study of the change of environment

condition in Citali Village.

No.

Before

After

Comfort

Environment, cool

weather and shady.

No air pollution

Hot weather, air

polution, erosion

Good Village Road

Poor Village Road if

rain it becomes slippy

and muddy

Good Sanitation

Poor Sanitation

Clean Water easy to

collect

Clean water hard to

collect

The Availability of

Education

Infrastructure

The In availability of

Education Infrastructure

Source: Data Result of Qualitative Research (2014)

Table 2: The result study of the change of social condition

in Citali Village.

No.

Before

After

The number of

population 4. 057

people

Decreasing the number

of population about 5%

High careness

Dependency

Good Social

Structure

Not working properly

Source: Data Result of Qualitative Research (2014)

Table 3: The result study of the change of economic

condition in Citali Village.

No.

Before

After

Farmer

Venture

Income only for

fulfilling daily needs

Income only for

fulfilling daily needs

A semi-permanent

shelter “bilik”

A permanent shelter

Owning a lot of

agriculture land

Decreasing agriculture

land

Available for

information,

communication, and

traditional

transportation

Improved and

developed

Source: Data Result of Qualitative Research (2014)

Based on the tables that are explained above, can

be viewed that the construction of toll road allows

such an alteration on the condition of the lives of

people of Citali village. For environment aspect, it is

unfortunate that the construction of Cisumdawu toll

road changes into bad condition than before. For

social condition, the construction affects a small

change. Compared to economic aspect, the change

seems large viewed from their income, property and

ICSE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education

their job. The development of infrastructure impacts

a quite big in the economic aspect. Where the

development as the main trigger to open wide new

vacancy job outside farm sector and it changes the

people income to the high level if compared to before

the development (Iek, 2013).

4 CONCLUSIONS

The development is one of the planned efforts that

aim to improve the quality of people’s lives to be

better than before. The development succeeded if all

development aspects involved. The people is the

success factor in the development, especially the

people’s readiness in dealing with the development

process will allow such an impact on the success of

the development process. The prepared people in

confronting with the development surely will benefit.

Otherwise, the unprepared people on the development

will affect their sustainability lives. At least, if the

people get prepared for the development, they are

expected to be able to minimize all negative effects.

Based on the result of this study, there several

describes are obtained which are:

The response of Citali people on the construction

of Cisumdawu toll road, some deliver positive and

negative impacts. Their positive response when they

tend to approve the construction, otherwise, the

negative response comes up when they disagree or

even deny the construction. They will show their

ignorance or uninvolved with the construction

process.

The people’s preparedness in dealing with the

construction of Cisumdawu toll road can be detected

from how good they are at utilizing the compensation.

It seems obvious that the people of Citali village have

been prepared with the construction, it can be proven

by utilizing the compensation efficiently. There some

are unprepared because they only think of the

temporary pleasure without planning their future.

The construction of Cisumdawu toll road delivers

the change of people’s lives in Sumedang especially

the people of Citali village who are the impacted

victim from the acquitting land. However, because

the construction is in the physic implementation

phase, the alteration still seems small scale. The

environment condition, the change directs to

degradation. In social aspect, the change does not

give a large impact. In the economic aspect, the

before and the after change seems obvious. The lives

of the impacted people of the acquitting land escalate

to fold than before.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The main researcher would like to thank all of those,

who have helped the completion of the research. As

well as deep appreciation was given to the Citali

villagers affected by the construction of the

Cisumdawu Toll Road, especially the Village's

apparatus and their staffs, as well as community

leaders who have been very helpful in providing the

necessary information in this research.

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People’s Readiness in Confronting with the Construction of Cisumdawu Toll Road