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reduce the ability to respond to the adverse effects of
certain hazards.
3.1.1 The Danger of Mount of Tangkuban
Parahu
The eruption of Tangkuban Perahu volcanic is
characterized by small explosive eruptions and
occasionally interspersed with phreatic eruptions by
eruption spans ranging from 2-50 years. Based on
observations since the 19th century, this volcano has
never shown a major magmatic eruption, except the
eruption of ash without being followed by lava
eruptions, hot clouds or incandescent rocks.
Generally, the danger of volcano eruption can be
categorized as primary and secondary hazards.
Primary hazards are a danger as a direct result of
volcanic eruptions, such as: phreatic material, stone
burst (incandescent), ash rain, mud rain, poisonous
gas, hot clouds, and lava flows. The geological and
historical data of the eruption showed that the
recorded eruptions of Tangkuban Parahu volcano in
history are small explosive eruptions, in the form of
phreatic eruptions, poisonous gases and mud bursts,
whereas hot clouds and lava flows have never
occurred. The distribution of phreatic deposits and
stones (glow) from previous eruptions is generally
exposed at a distance of 500-1000 meters from the
eruption center, while the ash rain due to it is
smoother caused its spread wider.
Secondary danger is a danger of direct trial of
volcano eruption. This secondary effect is lava.
Lahar generally occurs when the loose material is a
cloud of hot and ash deposits that accumulate in the
peaks and valleys in the upstream region of the river
come from a peak that is embraced by rainwater,
melting snow or ice or a crater lake containing
water. From the research that has been done, as in
Merapi Mount (Central Java), lava formed when
rainfall reaches 40 mm in 2 hours, and the potential
zone for the occurrence of lava is between the
altitude of 600 m - 450 m (Lavigne et al, 2000).
The dangers of eruption of Tangkuban Parahu
Volcano include small explosive type of intensity
and occasionally interspersed by phreatic eruptions
with eruptive time spans ranging from 2-50 years.
Based on observations since the 19th century, this
volcano never showed a major magmatic eruption,
except the eruption of ash without being followed by
lava eruptions, hot clouds or incandescent rocks.
Phreatic eruption dominates the incidence of
Tangkuban Parahu Mount eruption and followed by
increased solfatara and fumarola temperatures in
several active craters, ie Kawah Ratu, Kawah Baru
and Kawah Domas. The volcanic material that was
thrown in the form of ash which limited to around
the peak of several kilometers. Mud bursts just
happen around the crater. In the event of increased
volcanic activity, it usually appears fumarole or
solfatara white smoke that is sometimes followed by
the emergence of toxic gases CO and CO2.
Furthermore, the Directorate of Volcanology and
Geological Mitigation (DVMBG) then divide the
three levels of Disaster Prone Areas from low to
high, namely: Disaster Prone Area I, Disaster Prone
Area II, Disaster Prone Area III. The description of
the three levels are as follows.
Disaster Prone Area I is a potentially lava-
stricken area. During the eruption, this area has the
potential of falling material such are ash rain and
possibly throwing stones (incandescent). Prone areas
of ash rain without regard to the direction of the
wind and the possibility of exposure to stones
(incandescent). The limit of radiation distribution of
ash rain and stone lontara for KRB I is not
determined because it can be further. So the
residential area located on a larger radius of 5 km
from the eruption center is a disaster prone area I
(KRB I) that potentially hit by ash rain.
Regions is divided based on the potential of its
material (1) KRB II that is potentially experienced
hot clouds. Mount of Tangkuban Parahu according
to the records never issued a hot cloud, but if there is
a hot cloud spread is estimated only limited in the
crater area and follow the valley Cikoneng on the
slopes of the northeast at a distance of ± 5.5 km
from the eruption center (Kawah Ratu),
Cipangasahan Valley through Dawuan to the east G.
Palasari area at a distance of 5.5 km from the
eruption center and eastward through the Rhino
Crater; (2) KRB II which is potentially lava affected.
Lava flows are controlled by the morphology it
passes and usually through areas such as river
valleys in the peak areas. Based on the morphology
of the peak areas, if there is an eruption that
produces lava, the distribution of lava flow is
expected to occupy only the area of Kawah Ratu or
Upas Crater unless there is eruption from the side
then the spread through the lower valley around the
eastern slope. Based on the position of the current
crater (Domas), the area that has the potential of lava
flows is the northeast slope. Lava is a potential that
can be avoided because the flow of movement is
relatively slow ± 5-10km / hour so there is plenty of
time to stay away from the flow; (3) KRB II which
is potentially affected by lava. The lava-stricken
areas are following the hot clouds on the northern
slopes of the river, north-eastern and the eastern
Development of Disaster Mitigation Model in Ecotourism Area of North Bandung
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