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without rights, even the fail products so that they do
not need to go to school and do not need to be
treated properly. In fact, children with special needs
also have rights, compulsory in education, can work
and have a better future that required education or
special training to develop the ability of children
with special needs.
Government efforts in providing educational
services to children with special needs still require
hard work. It is written in the article on Ministry of
Education and Culture of Indonesia website that the
achievement of the percentage until 2017 is still at
18% of children with special needs, including
children with mental retardation who have received
educational services. Therefore training programs
are needed to keep them skilled even though not
through formal education. One of the training
programs is in the field of art consisting of music art,
fine arts and dance art. Related to that, music can
stimulate the children with mental retardation to
improve mental function, motor, and intelligence
(Milyartini, 2011). In addition, involvement with
music can improve self-perception in children with
mental retardation (Hallam, 2010). The opportunity
to play the instrument can be used as a motivation to
better manage emotions in the children with mental
retardation. Music creates a physiological response,
which is associated with emotional reactions (Sze,
2004). Physical limitations, mental and social
interaction abilities, not an obstacle to becoming
human beings are valuable to others.
The results of previous research have provided
the fact that music can be used as media to improve
the quality of children with mental retardation can
be a reason for institutions that accept children with
mental retardation in order to have a program in
training children with mental retardation in the field
of music art. One of the institutions that received
children with mental retardation is Bina Siwi
Orphanage. Bina Siwi Orphanage located in
Pajangan Sub district, Bantul Regency Yogyakarta is
one of the institutions that cares for children with
special needs consisting of blind, physical
abnormalities, and mental retardation.
The interview on July 2, 2017 with the Chairman
of the Home gave information that some of the
children in the orphanage only finished their
education up to the junior high level. Therefore Bina
Siwi Orphanage has a program in providing their
skills in the field of art. The arts include art crafts
and music art. In the field of art crafts, children in
the orphanage are trained to be creative making
souvenirs, key chains, and batik. While in the field
of music art, Bina Siwi Orphanage has a band tool,
tambourine and Gamelan Java laras pelog also
slendro.
Unfortunately, Java Gamelan is not maximally
utilized because there are no trainers willing to
provide training in the field of karawitan art. From
the interview on July 2, 2017 with the chairman of
Bina Siwi Orphanage, some gamelan music trainers
requested to train have constraints related to the
characteristics of the children with mental
retardation. The absence of an opportunity to receive
training in karawitan art causes the children with
mental retardation at Bina Siwi Orphanage not to
understand the structural pattern in each rhythm of
each gendhing and the framework of balungan
notation in each gendhing.
In the learning of Javanese gamelan music, the
children with mental retardation are trained to
improve their memory to the notion of balungan
pelog whose range of tone is not very wide because
there are only seven numbers in it, 2 (ro), 3 (lu), 4
(pat), 5 (mo ), 6 (nem), and 7 (pi). The selection of
Javanese gamelan art with laras pelog is adjusted to
the ability of the children with mental retardation
who experience cognitive deficite when studying. As
explained that cognitive deficite in the children with
mental retardation is reflected in perception,
memory, developing ideas, evaluation and reasoning
so as to have barriers in storing information rather
than abstract thinking (Rochyadi, 2005). Therefore,
Javanese musical art is expected to have no great
obstacle to the ability of the children with mental
retardation in storing information.
For a learning effectiveness, it takes approach,
strategy, method, learning technique that are packed
in one learning model. The learning model is a plan
or pattern that can be used to design the necessary
learning materials and to guide the teaching process
in the classroom (Suyono and Hariyanto, 2015).
Referring to the clumps of the model of learning by
Joyce and Weil which later can be further developed
according to the needs of the learning, the personal
model is chosen the use of learning models in the
personal model is more focused on the individual
view (Joyce and Weil, 1996).
From the description of the background above, it
appears that with music children with special needs
can gain confidence, self-esteem and motivation to
live better, and more acceptable in the society.
Physical limitations, mental and social interaction
abilities, not an obstacle to becoming human beings
that are valuable to others. Therefore, it is necessary
to develop a personalized learning model in
Javanese gamelan learning process that will be
applied to Bina Siwi Orphanage Yogyakarta by give
CONAPLIN and ICOLLITE 2017 - Tenth Conference on Applied Linguistics and the Second English Language Teaching and Technology
Conference in collaboration with the First International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education
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