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one of the speech events, a form of language usage is
influenced by various factors, such as places,
situations and events, participants of speech, speaking
destination, norms of interaction and so on.
Research conducted by Setyari (2001) found that,
communication bargaining between mlijo or green
grocer (ethnic Madura) and the buyer (Javanese) in
Bangka Housing Jember norm either the customer or
not the customer. Interpersonal relationships can
affect the value to the price of goods, but does not
eliminate the norm of the bargaining process. Based
on the data, their pattern of communication between
seller and buyer is dialogical, which both parties
undertake reciprocal communication to reach an
agreement. The agreement process is based norms
prevailing socio-cultural. Thus, the interaction of
buying and selling is a social institution function in
people's lives in the Housing Bangka.
That research seems related to the multilingual
society to the Sindang market because there is a
determined factor of language use that used by the
seller and the buyer. When the speaker wants to speak
he will be pay attention to the background of his
partner. His speech will be different with the sellers
to the buyers who have become its customers with a
new the buyer is known. The seller speech to
customers will be impressed intimate (familiar) as
there is no distance, while the buyers who are new to
look more carefully and maintain decorum. Thus, the
speaker’s factors largely determine the use of one's
language and can cause the variation language as it
has a social distance vary. Therefore, a speaker who
mastered two or more languages when they wanted to
speak should choose one of these languages through
the electoral process.
The term of language usage has in common than
the use during the term or the language choice
(Kridalaksana, 1984; Alwasilah, 1985; Wardhaugh,
1986; Bolinger, 1975; Crystal, 1991). Thus, the use
or language choice on the question of this research is
the use of verbal language within a society as a means
of communication by a participant in the relationship,
the specific situations and other components
associated with the speech events. The language
choice according to Poedjosoedarmo (in Suwito,
1985) is a social fact that is not only influenced by
linguistic factors, but also by the factors outside. The
language choice is closely related to the social
situation of the wearer. Differences in age, education
level and social status can affect the language choice
when talking with others. Similarly, the situation
behind a conversation can influence how a language
will be used. The influence of social factors and
situational to this language choice gave rise to
variations of language options. That is why the
researcher wants to research the language use in the
buying and selling interaction at Sindang market and
wants to explain the determined factors as the
language use there.
2 METHODS
This research method is used in three stages, namely:
(1) data collection methods; (2) data analysis
methods; and (3) presenting the results from the data
analysis methods. The observation method used in
addition to describe the forms of language and
language variation in the buying and selling
interaction in the Sindang market, also to reveal social
and cultural of speech community that the
determining factor use or selection of language by the
buyer and seller. This observation method uses three
advanced techniques, the technique involved to refer
to a conversation, see the techniques involved free
conversation and the snowball sampling technique to
expand the information (Lexy, 2007). Once the data
is grouped, analyzed descriptively using the
ethnographic methods of speech act analysis with the
acronym of SPEAKING components. In addition, the
contextual methods used also to clarify the situation
in the form of an intent associated with a speech
events in the buying and selling interaction at Sindang
market. This research is presented under the form of
qualitative research that is used only an invitation to
write the data that is informal speech. In another sense
not to use the emblem or any letters not be counting
systems or statistical data, which is fairly presented
descriptively in writing.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In general, the factors that determine the use as the
language in the buying and selling interaction
Sindang market can be identified into four, namely
(1) the factors of language skill of speakers and
interlocutors, (2) the factor of participants in the
interaction; and (3) the factors of intent and the
speech willing.
First, the abilities of language speakers are
affected by the accommodation of speakers, mobile
speakers, and educational speakers. Second,
participants factor, influenced by (1) the social
distance, consisting of: (a) the factor of social
relationship tenuous or just meet; and (b) social
distance familiar; (2) The ethnic background
Determined Factors of Language Use in The Sindang Market of Cirebon
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