Influence of Social Engineering Empowerment in Planning, Mapping

and Implementation Process as Social Change Strategy to Growth

and Development of Education Management in Medan City 2018

Akdel Parhusip

Head of School of Religious Education and Lecturer at Religious High School Medan

Keywords: Empowerment of Social Engineering, Planning Process, Mapping and Implementation, Social Change

Strategy, Growth and Development of Management Education

Abstract: That education is not just an effort to help the development of students individually, but also a form of

social engineering. Social engineering can be seen from the aspects of the process of planning, mapping and

implementation in the context of changes in the structure and culture of a social base of society that is on the

growth and development of education (Khasali, R., 2006). Social change is done because of the emergence

of social problems as a difference between the supposed and the real. Collective action to solve social

problems is usually characterized by a change in form and functionalization of important groups, institutions

or social orderThe method used is quantitative method. The population of this study is all the leaders of

schools in the city of Medan with a population and the number of samples as many as 60 people. The

sampling technique is the total sample. From the test of the instrument obtained valid questionnaire (r> 0.3

and reliable> 0.6), then through the classical assumption test such as normality test, Multicolineariat Test,

Heterokedasticity Test and Autocorrelation test have been qualified. From the Hypothesis Test results

obtained partially (t test) and simultaneously (F test) there is a significant influence between the Influence of

Social Engineering Empowerment in Planning, Mapping and Implementation Process as Social Change

Strategy to Growth and Development of Education Management in Medan City 2018. The conclusion of

this research is Social Engineering Empowerment from aspect of Planning Process, Mapping and

Implementation as Social Change Strategy have significant effect to Growth and Development of Education

Management in Medan City 2018.

1 INTRODUCTION /

BACKGROUND

In Education Management in Indonesia, there are

two things that must be considered related to the

world of education, namely (1) evaluation of

education, and (2) thoughts for the functioning of

education in Indonesia. From these two things when

we pull into the education management that runs in

Indonesia, there are some interesting phenomena

that stand out today, among which are: a) our

education is not maturing students, b) our education

has lost its objectivity, c) our education is not

cultivate thinking patterns, d) our education does not

produce educated people, e) our education is

perceived as fettering, f) our education has not been

able to build individual learning, g) our education is

felt linear-indroktinatif, h) our education has not

been able to produce independence, ) our education

has not been able to empower and cultivate learners.

The phenomenon mentioned above, it is all about

the evaluation of our existing education today.

While the thought for the functioning of education in

Indonesia is considered in addition to the demands

of the above needs, also required the existence (1)

"peace education" a peaceful / soothing education;

(2) education capable of building a democratic life;

(3) education that is able to cultivate the spirit of

upholding human rights, and (4) education that is

able to build the integrity of civilized human person.

From the above issues, it is clear that our

education is still far from the values to be achieved.

What's wrong with all this? A question that we

might answer together as human beings who care

about the world of education. If we examine further,

what has been done by educational institutions today

- who have painstakingly applied a variety of

Parhusip, A.

Inﬂuence of Social Engineering Empowerment in Planning, Mapping and Implementation Process as Social Change Strategy to Growth and Development of Education Management in Medan

City 2018.

DOI: 10.5220/0010036300100015

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology (ICEST 2018), pages 10-15

ISBN: 978-989-758-496-1

educational management theories that are suitable to

achieve the expected educational goals - is still far

from real expectations.

Many difficulties occur in Achieving better

quality education and management. Some people see

it (by definition) as a late modern conceptualization

(in the case of late modernity). in that case

management has no pre-modern history, it is only a

sign. Some others, detect management-like activity

in the late pre-modern period. some authors tracked

the development of management thinking on the

Sumerian traders and the builders of the Egyptian

pyramids. Slave owners over the centuries face the

problem of exploitation / motivation of dependent

but sometimes repugnant slaves (forcing authority),

but many pre-industrial companies, on their small

scale, do not feel compelled to deal systematically

with management problems. however, innovations

such as the deployment of the Hindu-Arabic

numerical system (5th to 15th centuries) and double-

entry secretarial codes (1494) provide tools for

assessment, planning and management control.

With the understanding as stated above, it

appears that one of the important functions of

education management is related to the learning

process, it includes from the preparation aspect to

the evaluation to see the quality of the process, in

this connection the School as an educational

institution that performs activities / learning process

clearly need to manage the activity well because this

learning process is the main activity of a school

(Hoy and Miskel 2001). Thus it appears that

Teachers as educators are an important factor in

education management, because the core of the

educational process in schools is basically the

teacher, because of its direct involvement in the

learning activities in the classroom. Therefore,

Human Resource Management Educator in an

educational institution will determine how its

contribution to the achievement of goals, and the

performance of teachers is something that should get

attention from the management of education in

schools in order to continue to grow and increase its

competence and with the increase of their

performance will increase , so it will give an effect

on improving the quality of education in line with

the demands of today's global development.

The above conditions are also closely related to

the Growth and Development of Educational

Management in the City of Medan.Oleh therefore

the authors want to know and make research on the

Influence of Social Engineering Empowerment in

the Process of Planning, Mapping and

Implementation as Social Change Strategy on

Growth and Development of Education Management

in the City Medan Year 2018.

2 PROBLEM FORMULATION

The formulation of the problem is a fundamental

part and is the first step of a research activity. The

formulation of the problem should be adjusted to the

title of the study because the problem becomes the

basis for further discussion.

Based on the above description, the researcher

formulates the following issues:

a. What is the aspect of the Planning Process

as a Strategic Social Change Strategy for

Growth and Development of Education

Management in Medan City 2018?

b. Is the Mapping aspect as a Social Change

Strategy adhering to the Growth and

Development of Education Management in

Medan City 2018?

c. What is the Implementation aspect as a

Strategic Social Change Strategy for

Growth and Development of Education

Management in Medan City 2018?

d. What aspects of the Planning, Mapping and

Implementation Process as a Social Change

Strategy jointly affect the Growth and

Development of Education Management in

Medan City 2018?

3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study are:

a. To find out whether the aspect of the

Planning Process as a Social Change

Strategy is in line with the Growth and

Development of Education Management in

Medan City 2018?

b. To find out whether the Mapping aspect as

a Social Change Strategy is adhered to the

Growth and Development of Education

Management in Medan City 2018?

c. To find out whether Implementation as a

Strategic Social Change Strategy on

Growth and Development of Management

Education in Medan City 2018

d. To find out whether aspects of the Process

Planning, Mapping and Implementation as

Social Change Strategy together affect the

Growth and Development of Management

Education in Medan City Year 2018

Inﬂuence of Social Engineering Empowerment in Planning, Mapping and Implementation Process as Social Change Strategy to Growth and

Development of Education Management in Medan City 2018

4 THEORETICAL STUDIES /

CONCEPTS

4.1 Education Management

The field of educational management is pluralist,

with so many lack of perspective and inevitable

agreement on its definition. One of the key debates

whether education management has become a

different field or just a broader branch of study from

management. While education can be learned from

other management, education management should

be centralized educational goals. This goal or goal

provides an important direction for supporting

school management. Unless the link between clear

and close educational objectives and management,

there is a danger of 'Managerialism', "Emphasis on

procedures at the expense of educational goals and

values" (Bush, 1999: 240).

Management education is a science that studies

how to organize resources to achieve goals that have

been established productively and how to create a

good atmosphere for humans who participate in

achieving mutually agreed goals. (Engkoswara

(2001: 2) Education management can be defined as a

process of planning, organizing, leading, controlling

education personnel, educational resources to

achieve educational goals ... Atmodiwirio (2000: 23)

Management education is the process of

planning, organizing, leading, controlling education

personnel, educational resources to achieve

educational goals, educate the nation, develop a

whole human, that is a believer, pious to God

Almighty, virtuous noble character, knowledge,

skills, physical and mental health, solid personality,

self-reliance, and responsible for society and

nationality (Bureau of Planning Depdikbud, 1993: 4)

4.2 Concept of Planning

One of the most important management functions is

Planning because of those functions the other

functions are arranged. Planning is a blueprint for

achieving objectives that include the allocation of

required resources, schedules, tasks and tasks to be

accomplished in relation to the achievement of the

objectives. It can be said that a plan is a bridge built

to connect between the present with the desired

future, because planning is preparing for the future.

The future will indeed come by itself, but without

that future planning it may not be the future we

want.

In management, planning is the process of defining

organizational goals, creating strategies for

achieving those goals, and developing organizational

work activities. Planning is the most important

process of all management functions because

without planning other functions organizing,

directing, and controlling will not work. To ascertain

whether goals / goals set out in a plan can be more

effective, there are several criteria that need

attention by a manager:

a. The objective formula must be clear and

specific and as much as possible using

quantitative sentences to be easy to

measure

b. The objective should include the results of

key sectors. Since goals or targets are not

possible to be structured on the basis of

person-to-person work, they are based on

the results of the contribution of the sectors

/ shareholders.

c. Goals must be able to challenge the

achievement, but that does not mean it

should be very difficult to achieve.

d. Goals must have clear deadlines to achieve

them

e. Purpose should be attributed also to

rewards for those who attain it

4.3 Strategic Concept

Strategy is a comprehensive activity that sets critical

guidance and direction on allocating resources to

achieve the organization's long-term goals. In

practice, the choice of strategy is complex and a

risky task. Some organizational strategies are

expected to face a competitive environment. Here,

managers plan to exploit the strengths and

weaknesses of the organization with opportunities

and threats in their environment.

Strategies formulated in two different

perspectives, the first strategy is a broad program to

define and achieve organizational goals and carry

out its mission. This understanding is more directed

to the active role of the organization to implement

the program as an organizational strategy to face

environmental change. This strategy is known as

strategic planning.

4.4 Educational Mapping

Educational mapping is one of the most useful

information suppliers for decision making. The real

picture of a condition in a particular region, becomes

the point of our education development. In the long

ICEST 2018 - 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and

Technology

run, the resulting policy is aimed at increasing

availability, affordability, quality, relevance, equity,

and certainty in obtaining education services in

Indonesia (Surya, 2012)

4.5 Social Engineering

Social engineering is an art of manipulating a

scientific movement of a particular ideal vision

aimed at influencing social change, which can be

either good or bad and can be either honest or lie.

Social change is done because of the emergence of

social problems as a difference between the

supposed and the real. Collective action to solve

social problems is usually characterized by the

shaping and functionalization of important groups,

institutions or social order (Matta, 2006). Social

engineering can also be interpreted as a process of

planning, mapping and implementation in the

context of changing the structure and culture of a

societal social base (Khasali, R., 2006). With the

development of thought, there are three forms of

social change, namely evolution, revolution and

reform. Evolution is understood as a form of change

that takes a long time. Where, such a process of

change tends to be circular only in the elite level and

very little to accommodate the input of grass root

that appears to the surface in reaction to various

policies of the ruling elite. The logical consequence

of this model change will place the ruling regime at

the discretion of defining the existing change

agendas based on "safe or not" for its power.

5 METHOD

The method used is quantitative method. The

population of this study is all the leaders of schools

in Medan city with the number of population and the

number of samples as many as 60 people. The

sampling technique is the total sample .. The

sampling technique is the total sample. Data analysis

is done by multiple linear regression analysis that is

to know the steering between three independent

variables (X) that is Social Engineering

Empowerment in Planning Process (X1)

Empowerment of Social Engineering in Mapping

(X2) Empowerment of Social Engineering in

Implementation (X3) with dependent variable

Growth and Development of Education Management

in Medan City 2018 (Y). This analysis is to know

the direction of relationship between independent

variables with dependent variable whether positive

or negative and to predict the value of the dependent

variable if the value of the independent variable

increases or decreases. Further t test and F test is

conducted to determine whether the independent

variable (X) significantly influence the dependent

variable (Y).

6 THE RESULTS OF THE

ANALYSIS

After going through the instrument test, the

description of all the question items used has

fulfilled the validity and reliability requirements. For

assumption test all data have passed the normality

test, Multicolinearity, Heterocedasticity and

autororelation in the data deserve to be forwarded.

From result of regression analysis, obtained R2

(R Square) equal to 0,651 or (65,1%). This shows

that the percentage contribution of variable influence

to the dependent variable (performance) of 65.1%.

Or variation of independent variable used in able to

explain equal to 65,1% variation of dependent

variable. While the rest of 34.9% influenced or

explained by other variables that are not included in

this research model.

Adjusted R Square is a customized R Square

value, this value is always smaller than R Square

and this number can have a negative price.

According to Santoso (2001) that for regression with

more than two independent variables used Adjusted

R2 as the coefficient of determination.

7 DISCUSSION

Society generally believes in something when the

majority of developed perceptions refer to the

justification of it so that the intellectual community

is often involved in a war of worldview as well as

the idea of ego for the recognition of the way of

thinking of each side. Here is the role of social

engineering in changing the style of society like

ini.Adanya idea of social change to the better in a

way that is more realistic and can encourage people's

desire to participate in the mission of social change.

In terms of planning, it can be seen that Benefits of

educational planning. among others: Can be used as

a standard implementation and supervision process

activities or work of leaders and members within an

educational institution. In making the planning

sutau, this has become a standard that means all

activities activities should be based on the planning

that has been made, can be used as a media selection

Inﬂuence of Social Engineering Empowerment in Planning, Mapping and Implementation Process as Social Change Strategy to Growth and

Development of Education Management in Medan City 2018

of alternative work steps or the best solution strategy

for efforts to achieve educational goals. The benefits

of educational planning are also to prepare

alternatives to the plan of a series of activities if

there are unintended errors that can be resolved

quickly and appropriately by using prepared

alternatives, can be useful in the preparation of the

institutional priority scale both in terms of the

targets to be achieved and the process of service

activities education, can streamline and streamline

the utilization of diverse resources of organizations

or educational institutions. From the utilization of

educational planning resources also analyze the

utilization of resources needed as efficiently and

effectively as possible to avoid excessive use of

resources, can help school leaders adapt to the

development or dynamics of socio-cultural change.

With the planning of education of all related

parties in it such as school residents are expected to

participate in supporting the implementation of

educational planning in accordance with their

respective positions, can be used as media or a tool

to facilitate in coordinating with various parties or

educational institutions concerned, in order to

improve the quality educational services. Through

educational planning that has become a common

goal of educational planning can be used as a tool to

coordinate in carrying out the tasks of each section,

can serve as a medium to minimize inefficient or

uncertain jobs. One of the risks of the

implementation of inefficient planning for inefficient

work, through education planning can be anticipated

in inefficient work, and even good planning can

even serve as a tool in evaluating the achievement of

educational service process objectives. A description

of the goals to be achieved in which there is how the

process is done.

Educational mapping is also an important issue

for one of the information suppliers useful for

decision making. The real picture of a condition in a

particular region, becomes the point of our education

development. In the long run, the resulting policy is

aimed at increasing availability, affordability,

quality, relevance, equity, and certainty in obtaining

education services in Indonesia. Educational

mapping can be the basis of educational planning.

The role of school mapping as a basis for improving

educational services is also proposed by the

Philippine Department of Education (2012) "School

mapping is a set of techniques and procedures used

to plan the demand for schools at the local level and

to support decision-making on the planning, policy

formulation, resource allocation and prioritization of

future school development. "It is clear that this

educational mapping can be used by policy holders,

especially local governments, to support decision-

making in planning, policy formulation, resource

allocation, and prioritization of school development

for the future. As part of educational planning,

school mapping can be viewed as a method of

micro-educational planning in the form of a process

of structuring or rearranging existing school

networks so as to obtain new networks with greater

capacity. Existing resources can be optimally

utilized. Furthermore, it is endeavored that the

quality of education is more weighty and has

relevance to development. (Sutiman, et al., 2012)

Implementation of social engineering needs to be

done as soon as possible, because it relates to the

effort to realize the vision, mission and objectives of

the affirmation of Indonesian character based on

Pancasila.Suatu young people who are expected this

nation is a young generation who are intelligent,

independent, knowledgeable, technologically,

skilled, honest, hard work , and berakhlakul

karimah, in accordance with the meaning of national

education goals. The educational process that is

capable of producing a good young generation can

bring about a positive social change for a nation.

Many under-developed countries, in the not-too-

distant future, have developed countries from the

spectacular government policies accompanied by a

high commitment to investing in human resources

investment, not just rely on natural resources. The

existence of education can affect social change, in

which social change will have a function that is:

doing cultural reproduction, developing cultural

analysis of traditional institutions, making changes

or modifications of traditional social economic level,

and making more fundamental changes to traditional

institutions that have been left behind. In the process

of social change the modifications are often irregular

and incomplete, although the changed joints are

closely interrelated, resulting in cultural inequality.

He also said that the rapid change of technology will

obviously bring widespread impact to all public

institutions so that the emergence of poverty, crime,

criminality and so on is a negative impact that can

not be prevented. For that education should be able

to analyze the needs of value, knowledge and

technology most urgently can anticipate people's

readiness in facing change. After obtaining a picture

of management in general, the understanding of

management education will be easier, because in

terms of principles and functions are not much

different, the difference will be seen in the substance

of the object of study that is all things related to

education problems.

ICEST 2018 - 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and

Technology

Oteng Sutisna (1989: 382) states that Educational

Administration is present in three areas of concern

and interest, namely: (1) Educational administration

(geographic, demographic, economic, ideological,

cultural and developmental) settings; (2) education

(field of administration); and (3) the substance of

educational administration (its tasks, its processes,

its principles, and administrative behavior), it is

increasingly reinforcing that education management

has a wide-ranging field of interrelatedness, so

understanding of it requires broad and anticipatory

insights into changes that occur in the community in

addition to deepening in terms of theory

development in terms of management.

With the understanding as stated above, it

appears that one of the important functions of

education management is related to the learning

process, it includes from the preparation aspect to

the evaluation to see the quality of the process, in

this connection the school as an educational

institution that performs activities / learning process

obviously need to manage these activities well

because the learning process is the main activity of a

school (Hoy and Miskel 2001. Therefore, Human

Resource Management Educator in an educational

institution will determine how its contribution to the

achievement of goals, and performance teachers are

something that should get attention from the

management of education in schools in order to

continue to grow and increase their competence and

with the increase of their performance will also

increase, so it will give an effect on improving the

quality of education in line with gan current global

development demands.

8 CONCLUSIONS AND

SUGGESTIONS

8.1 Conclusion

From the results of data analysis obtained the

number R2 (R Square) of 0.651 or (65.1%). This

shows that the percentage contribution of variable

influence to the dependent variable (performance) of

65.1%. Or variation of independent variable used in

able to explain equal to 65,1% variation of

dependent variable. While the rest of 34.9%

influenced or explained by other variables that are

not included in this research model. This indicates

that Social Engineering Empowerment in Planning,

Mapping and Implementation Process as Social

Change Strategy partially or simultaneously

(bersma-sama) there is significant influence to

Growth and Development of Management Education

in Medan City Year 2018

8.2 Suggestion

The existence of education can affect social change,

which is needed Social Engineering Empowerment

in Planning Process, Mapping and Implementation

as Social Change Strategy to Growth and

Development of Education Management in Medan

City Year 2018

From the management side of education in

schools to keep growing and increasing their

competence and with the improvement of their

performance will increase, so it will give an effect

on improving the quality of education in line with

the demands of global development today.

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Inﬂuence of Social Engineering Empowerment in Planning, Mapping and Implementation Process as Social Change Strategy to Growth and

Development of Education Management in Medan City 2018