Development of Temperature and Humidity Control System in Straw
Mushroom Growing Farms with the Concept of Internet of Things
(IoT)
Chanchai Arkaphati
1
, Warathorn Embamrung
2
2
Silpakorn University, Thailand. A.fram0072@gmail.com
Keywords: Control system, Temperature, Humidity, Straw mushroom growing farms, Internet of Things (IOT).
Abstract: The objectives of this research were to develop electronic temperature and humidity sensor and to develop
the application to control temperature and humidity in the straw mushroom growing farms by connecting to
electronic devices to check for the straw mushroom farms to have the right temperature and humidity, reduce
workflows of the operation in the aspects of temperature and humidity and to improve the yield of straw
mushrooms to have quality and save labor and time. This is done by using the Internet system coupled with
software development tools under the concept of Internet of Things (IoT ). In this study, the researcher
developed a sensor for managing temperature and humidity through a web application to turn on and off the
water system, lighting and ventilation fan to control the temperature in the straw mushroom growing farms.
Tools and applications used in this study were Node MCU ESP8266 board development set, temperature-
humidity Sensor, relay equipment, water and lamp system, wires, and PCBs. All devices were developed to
be integrated with Arduino software. C / C ++ and PHP were used for the development. The methods of study
and system development was started by studying the information about straw mushrooms and straw
mushroom area to collect information from the operator. All data was analyzed to be a guideline for the
development, planning, designing development of equipment and software systems, preparing the
development tools. The control scope was defined in system design. After the system has been developed, the
equipment and software were tested in straw mushroom growing farms. The system performance and
problems encountered by system testing were analyzed. The system was also updated from problems
encountered. The system performance was also summarized the before being used as a model for further
development in the future.
1 INTRODUCTION
"Straw Mushroom" is an agricultural product and one
of industries that has driven the country’s economy.
It is a popular consumable agricultural product. It is
highly nutritious, delicious, inexpensive, and can be
processed into a variety of food. (Autrakul, 1997) The
market demand is high. It is an economic mushroom
that grows on a stack of moist rice straw. It is a fungus
that grows starting with the fibers of the fungus
grouping within a few hours in an appropriate
environment. The increasing demand in the market
makes straw mushroom cultivation becoming more
and more popular. There is a need for internal straw
mushroom farms management to control temperature
by using thermometer in each mushroom farms with
staffs to periodically walk and check the temperature.
If the temperature is high, water would be turned on
to lower the temperature. If the temperature is low, it
is necessary to turn on the bulb to warm up the
temperature in the mushroom farms. This is the
background of the problem with the growth of
mushrooms and the need to use labor to maintain and
control the temperature and regularity of mushroom
farms at all times. This would cause labor and time.
(Chang and Philip,2004)
From the basic information, the researcher
collected the data and analyzed the problem from the
operator of The muchroom farm. The process was
carefully supervised at every step to control the
temperature of the mushroom farms.
It was found that the cost of cultivating 1
mushroom is 2,500 baht, revenue from harvesting
mushroom is approximately 5 ,0 0 0 baht or profit
84
Arkapati, C. and Embamrung, W.
Development of Temperature and Humidity Control System in Straw Mushroom Growing Farms with the Concept of Internet of Things (IoT).
DOI: 10.5220/0010038700840091
In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology (ICEST 2018), pages 84-91
ISBN: 978-989-758-496-1
Copyright
c
2021 by SCITEPRESS Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
about 2,500 baht per farm. Mushroom investing can
be done twice in 1 month. The average yield is 30-50
kg. 1 kg of mushrooms can be sold in the market at
the price of roughly 75 - 80 baht. From the problems
encountered, if the temperature and humidity in the
mushroom farm is high or too low, it will result in
mushrooms do not flower, low production or damage.
This results in mushrooms not being of desire
standard size and sold at low prices.(Chang,1980)
The appropriate temperature for straw mushroom
flowering is fibrous mushroom that is approximately
32-4 0 degrees and the humidity in straw mushroom
flowering is at 80 - 90% and the temperature is good
for the flowering of the mushrooms are at 2 8 - 3 2
degrees and good humidity in flowering will be 7 0 -
8 0 % (Chang 1974;Chang,1996) From the
information, it is important to know that the
temperature and humidity control of mushroom
cultivation is an important factor so responsive
application would be developed by being connected
to the electronic device developed by Internet of
Things (IOT) concept (Vermesan and Peter,2013) to
develop a temperature and humidity management
system to turn the water, lighting, and ventilation fan
system on and off in order to control the temperature
and humidity in mushroom farms through an
application by the functionality of the Internet
coupled with technological devices. This would be
done by using temperature and humidity sensors in
mushroom growing farms instead of using only
thermometer.
2 OBJECTIVE
1. To develop an electronic device to detect and
control temperature and humidity in mushroom
growing farms.
2. To develop application systems to control
temperature and humidity in mushroom growing
farms by being connected to the electronic equipment
to monitor each stage within mushroom farms for
achieving the appropriate temperature and humidity.
3 EXPECTED BENEFITS
1. The system reduces the operation of the mushroom
farm operators in the aspects of temperature and
humidity control.
2. The system helps to save labor costs and time to
work.
3. The system will improve the straw mushroom
output rate and quality standards in production.
4 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1 Tools and Equipment Used
1. Node MCU ESP8266 board
2. DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor
3. Relay turning on and off the water and light bolt
4. Jumper
5. PCB board
6. Arduino program
7. C/C++and PHP languages of Programming
5 LITERATURE REVIEW
5.1 Theory and Factors Affecting
Straw Mushroom Growth
Straw mushroom life cycle mushroom is a low class
plant. Seed spore falling on relative good humidity,
temperature, and food, will grow into mushrooms. It
grows to a fin and a flower. When factors affecting
the growth of mushroom were studies, it was found
that besides, the materials used, factors affecting
growth were also appropriate acidity, light,
temperature, humidity, climate and environment. The
size of each straw mushroom farm is 4x5 m, which is
divided into two sides, there were 3 layers on each
side. Each layer is 80 cm high, with a distance of no
longer 1 m from the wall of the farm. The temperature
has a direct impact on the growth of each mushroom
species starting from spore growing, the growth of the
fiber to the point of being mushroom right
temperature in each range. Material humidity and
relative humidity in the air must be taken into
account, which means the amount of water vapor in
the air at that time. The relative humidity of
mushrooms is 60%. The relative humidity creation in
the air is done spraying the water system or fog
system to increase the relative humidity.
Additionally, the light is something is needed to be
controlled especially light from the sun because it will
directly affect the temperature and humidity.
However, mushrooms need light to act as a catalyst
for the fusion and develop into a complete mushroom.
(See at Figure 1.)
Development of Temperature and Humidity Control System in Straw Mushroom Growing Farms with the Concept of Internet of Things
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Figure 1. Life Cycle of the Mushroom
Weather is another factor that enables mushrooms
to grow well and Oxygen is needed for mushroom to
breathe. Good ventilation will effectively help the
growth of the fiber and the development of
mushroom. (Stamets,1993) This is because of the
accumulation of carbon dioxide can cause fibers to
suddenly stop growing causing mushroom to be
rotten. Wind is another factor that impacts the
humidity temperature of the seeding material, air
humidity, and mushroom pests.
5.2 Internet of Thing (IoT) Concept
The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical
devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items
embedded with electronics, software, sensors,
actuators, and network connectivity which enables
these objects to connect and exchange data (Brown,
2016) Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its
embedded computing system but is able to inter-
operate within the existing Internet infrastructure.
The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled
remotely across existing network infrastructure,
[6]
creating opportunities for more direct integration of
the physical world into computer-based systems, and
resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and
economic benefit in addition to reduced human
intervention. (Vermesan and Peter ,2013). When the
IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators, the
technology becomes an instance of the more general
class of cyber-physical systems, which also
encompasses technologies such as smart grids, virtual
power plants, smart homes, intelligent transportation
and smart cities. Santucci, Gérald, 2016) "Things", in
the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices
such as heart monitoring implants, biochip
transponders on farm animals, cameras streaming live
feeds of wild animals in coastal waters, automobiles
with built-in sensors.Legal scholars suggest regarding
"things" as an "inextricable mixture of hardware,
software, data and service" (Wigmore, 2014).
5.3 Electronic Equipment Used for
System Development
NodeMCU
ESP
8266
Board Development
NodeMCU is a platform that helps build the Internet
of Things (IoT) project consisting of a development
kit comprised of a circuit board. The circuit board that
is open source software can be developed manually
with the Lau language, making it easier to use. It
comes with Wi-Fi ESP 8266 module. This is the key
to the Internet connection. NodeMCU is similar to
Arduino with built-in input-output port to be able to
program controlling input / output devices without
having to go through any other device. C / C ++
programming language can be used.
5.4 Node MCU Development Kit
Studies were conducted on the operation of the
temperature and humidity control system by using
Node MCU ESP8266 to control the sensors and
hardware used for the Mushroom farms’ climate
control system by developing the Node MCU kit, or
Node MCU Devkit. This kit is based on the Wi-Fi
module named ESP 8266 With GPIO PWM, I 2 C, 1-
Wire and ADC to be coupled on one board with a
built-in USB-TTL. There is no need to be separately
purchased similar to using ESP. it usually makes it
easier to be used with PCB antenna for wireless
transmission. The researcher used a micro-USB
connector for power supply voltage or the equivalent
+5 V. and for downloading the firmware.
5.5 DHT22 Temperature & Relative
Humidity Sensor Module
It is a device that can be applied to the various
embedded system design such as temperature and
humidity measurements, room temperature, and
humidity recorders. These devices vary by
manufacturer, price, accuracy, measurement details,
digital or analog values, etc. The experiment on the
cheap DHT22 AM 2302 module provides a digital
value and uses a single digital pin to be connected to
Serial Data, Bi-Rirectional by connecting it to the
Arduino to read from the DHT22 AM sensor device.
(See at Figure2.)
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Figure 2. DHT22 AM sensor
5.6 Wireless Sensor Network
It is using a number of small sensor devices to
measure environmental characteristics and the
information was processed to create new knowledge
about the environment around us or automatically
respond to changes in the environment. Examples of
the use of this wireless sensor network are the
insertion of sensors into certain rare birds to detect the
temperature changes that affect the relocation of these
birds, the installation of sensors in large chemical
mixers or chemical pipelines in industrial plants for
chemical leakage, using many movement sensor
devices to detect the abnormalities of those
instruments so the abnormalities can take care of it
before it causes damage. Sensors are installed around
the airport to detect intruders in unauthorized areas.
From these examples, it can be seen that using a
number of different types of wireless sensor networks
is a very small sensor called a mote, developed by
Intel and University of California (UC) at Berkeley.
The mote is a small computer for measuring humidity
and temperature or other environment. It works by
using conventional batteries and communicating with
other nearby mote by adhoc wireless network for data
to be transmitted between the motes until it reaches
the destination that may be a computer or other
instruments that is used for measured data collection.
The wireless network causes a new computing
paradigm to be created called “proactive computing”,
which replaces the usual computer waiting for human
instruction but proactive computing will forecast the
environment that is needed by human needs and the
environment is able to operate in advance of human.
If necessary, proactive computing can occur due to
the wireless sensor enables the computer to
thoroughly and quickly receive information from the
real world without the need for human input.
Therefore, humans can proactively program the
computer to operate as soon as the environment is as
forecasted without having to wait for the instruction
from the computer similar to an interactive system.
5.7 Research Related to the
Development of Electronic Device
for Automatic Control
Kittisak Saengprasit, et.al. (2017) has conducted a
study and developed automatic control system for
Angel mushroom farms with the water level sensor to
control water level by using the resistance, high, and
low value to indicate the amount of water. The
measured values are then sent to the control board and
processed to send signals to the pump control for
controlling the water turning on off in mushroom
farm. Additionally, humidity control with humidity
sensor then would send the value to the control board
and the signal is also sent to control the fog builder to
create the humidity. The information obtained from
the control board would be displayed on the LCD
screen. The dominant point of the system is it can be
used to automatically water level control and
humidity control. However, there are also
disadvantages in the aspect of the display system
would be the information being displayed on the LCD
monitor only. Additionally, the research conducted
by Kittiphong Niamnok, et al. (2009), has developed
a climate control system to be used inside straw
mushroom farm. The system would be able to
automatically control temperature and humidity and
ventilation. There is also system controlling water
turning on and off the water pump to reduce the
temperature inside the greenhouse.
Piyada Thonsungnoen (2017) Majoring in
Medical Devices, King Mongkut's University of
Technology North Bangkok has developed
temperature testing and sensor device that is able to
set the temperature through monitor and LCD
monitor. The displayed is on the LCD monitor. The
temperature is measured and stored in the SD
memory card with alarm being through light signaling
when the temperature inside the medicine cabinet is
abnormal.
Sirodom Ramang (2011), a student in Business
Information Technology Faculty of Information and
Communication Technology, Silpakorn University
has developed a climate control system with a case
study on Ban Het Sung Men by designing the system
to be able display the temperature and humidity
through the system display alerts when temperature
and humidity changes. The system can control the
operation of mushroom greenhouse equipment such
as ventilation fan, and water sprayer or turn off and
on the device to stop or work to control temperature
and humidity. The annual temperature and humidity
reports can be viewed daily in the form of
comparative graphs. Moreover, Thirayot Wangthong
Development of Temperature and Humidity Control System in Straw Mushroom Growing Farms with the Concept of Internet of Things
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and Prayun Chongchan ( 2015), Electrical
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering,
Mahanakorn University has developed an automatic
humidity control system in a closed mushroom farm
to control temperature and humidity inside the farm
with the LCD to display the results such as date, time,
temperature, humidity on the control board.
Additionally, temperature in the farm can be
controlled in the high or low range as set. The
temperature and humidity is also stored such as the
date, time, temperature, and humidity on the control
box to have temperature and humidity inside the farm
to be in the set range. The temperature and humidity
can be stored as desired such as every minute, every
10 minutes, every hour, etc.
The system is able to record temperature and
humidity values. There were temperature and a port
board instructing the fan to work inside to
automatically function control box .Ventilation works
automatically when the temperature is high in the
greenhouse.
5.8 System Process and Development
The researcher has conducted studies on the
development of the system according to the schedule
and the operational plan to achieve the set scope and
objectives as follows:
1) Study on mushrooms and going onsite to
mushroom growing areas to collect data and prepare
a plan for the design of the equipment
2) Data collection and analysis to guide the
Development of the system
3) Defining the scope of system control
4) The system design and analysis
5) Preparing the system development tools
6) Starting the system development
7) The system was tested after the system
development and improvement.
8) The performance of the system was then
summarized
9) Documents and manuals were prepared
Development of the system
6 SAMPLING
This research were use the sampling for collecting
data from The 2 Muchroom Farms:-
1. Straw Muchroom Cottage Farm, Bangbuathong
District Nonthaburi Province, Thailand.
2. Khunyi Straw muchroom Farm, Cholburi
Province, Thailand.
6.1 Analysis and Systems Design
Process
Analysis and design were conducted by the developer
to demonstrate patterns and procedures to develop a
system composing of:
6.1.1 System Flowchart
Designing flowchart system by controlling
temperature and humidity system. There are users
involved in the system, such as the administrator, who
will oversee and manage the temperature control
system of mushroom farms and request see the results
of the system in The Muchroom Cottage Farm and
Khunyi straw mushroom farm. After collocating data
from the operator.
The Researcher can be to designing a System
flowchart (see figure 3.), Flowchart of User system
(see figure 4.) Flowchart Alert System and
Temperature Control (see figure 5.) and ER-Diagram
(see figure 6.)
Data
studies
Design
-Studies were
conducted on
the preliminary
information
-Going onsite to
collect data
-Analyzing
problems and
solution
guideline
-
The ways
to design
were
analyzed.
-The design
process
Check
Temp
-The ways
to design
were
analyzed.
-The design
process
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Figure 3. System Flowchart
Figure 4. Flowchart of Users system
Figure 5. Flowchart Alert System and Temperature Control
Figure 6. ER Diagram
7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The electronic temperature and humidity sensor were
connect with the application to control temperature
and humidity in the straw mushroom growing farms
by connecting to electronic devices to check for the
straw mushroom farms to have the right temperature
and humidity. This is done by using the Internet
system coupled with software development tools
under the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). In this
study, the researcher developed a sensor for
Development of Temperature and Humidity Control System in Straw Mushroom Growing Farms with the Concept of Internet of Things
(IoT)
89
managing temperature and humidity through a web
application to turn on and off the water system,
lighting and ventilation fan to control the temperature
in the straw mushroom growing farms. All devices
were developed to be integrated with Arduino
software. C / C ++ and PHP were used for the
development.
After to design and developed the system function
process results of the temperature and humidity
control system would be divided into two phases:
(See the model at Figure 7)
The first phase is to control the temperature and
humidity for mushrooms formation with control on
turning on and off the light in this period. This is
because during this period, the fiber of the mushroom
will grow well in light blue lighting.In the second
phase, the temperature and humidity would be
controlled for the mushroom formation. In this
period, if the temperature is too high, the mushroom
will form. However, users can turn on the system or
automatically activate the water system to reduce the
temperature or increase moisture in the mushroom
farm through the web application. This included light
bulbs or ventilation.
Additionally, temperature and humidity
everywhere can be monitored or controlled without
having to walk around each mushroom farm. This
will save labor costs and time. It will also increase
productivity, and contributes to increasing revenue
for mushroom growers.
7.1 The Operation of the System
1. DHT22sensor can be used to monitor the
temperature and humidity of the mushroom farm.
2. Temperature and humidity can be displayed in real
time through web application.
3. Water, lamps and fans can be turned on and off
through the relay device.
7.2 The System User Operation
1. Temperature and moisture can be displayed in real
time through web application.
2. Water, lamps and fans can be turned on and off
through web application.
3. Past temperature, humidity and the system working
condition can be monitored through the system.
Figure7. The temperature and humidity control system
model.
After the system has been developed, the equipment
and software were tested in sampling (The Muchroom
Cottage Farm and Khunyi straw mushroom farm) The
straw mushroom growing farms. The system
performance and problems encountered by system
testing were analyzed. The system was also updated
from problems encountered. The system performance
was also summarized the before being used as a
model for further development in the future.
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