Relationship of Conduct Is Not Safe with Fuel Accidents in Work

Outletter Palm Oil Plants in PTPN IV of Year 2017

Lily M. Carolyn Hutabarat

Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara

Keywords: Determinant, Unsafe Behavior, Burns

Abstract: Burns are one of the accidents and still a global public health problem stating more than 95% of the incidence

of burns leads to mortality (mortality). The purpose of this study was to determine the determinant of unsafe

behavior against burn incidence at the workers of Tinjoan palm oil factory in PTPN X Year 2017. Research

with cross sectional approach. The population is all workers on the ignition part of the PTPN X Tinjoan palm

mill as many as 80 people and all of them are sampled in this study. The data were collected by giving

questionnaires, Independent Variables to know were is age, work period, education, training, knowledge,

attitude and action while dependent variable of burn incidence. The results showed 13.7% of workers suffered

burn injuries. Working Period (p = 0,026), and action (p = 0,023) have an effect on burn incidence at Tinjoan

palm oil mill worker at PTPN X Year 2017. Suggested To Company Parties is expected to improve health

and safety promotion. Occupational health and safety promotion can be done by marking signs at risky places

and work equipment such as the completeness of Personal company.

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

One of the workplace accidents is burns. Burns are a

global public health problem and over 95% of the

incidence of burns leads to mortality (mortality). By

2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) notes

that there are 265,000 deaths occurring annually

worldwide due to burns. According to the American

Burn Association (2015), 3,240 deaths occur annually

from burns in the United States caused by trauma

from fire accidents, vehicle accidents, smoke

inhalation, electrical contacts, chemicals, and hot

objects (ABA, 2015 ).

In Indonesia, the prevalence of burn injury was

ranked the sixth largest in 2013 of 0.7% with the

highest prevalence being Papua (2.0%) and Bangka

Belitung (1.4%) (Kemenkes RI, 2013). Based on

medical records of RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan in

the period 2011-2014 there are 353 cases of burns

with the most cause is flame burn injury as much as

174 cases (50,4%) (Maulana, 2014).

The results of research conducted by Kalalo

(2016) in Kabupaten Minahasa obtained a correlation

between knowledge about occupational safety and

health (K3) and OHS attitude with work accident

Protective Equipment and to the employee subject to

compliance with OSH regulations applied by the

incidence in fishermen group (p <0,05). Likewise

Aswar (2016) in Kendari to get factors associated

with workplace accidents is knowledge of K3, work

attitude and the use of personal protective equipment

(PPE) with accidents. Research conducted by Emli

(2014) in Simalungun District found that the factors

of personal protective equipment, action and work

environment affect the incidence of accidents. The

results of research conducted by Philip (2014) states

there is a relationship between age, employment,

employee status and knowledge with unsafe actions.

Kebun Tinjoan is one business unit of PT. X

located in Simalungun District Pematangsiantar. The

plantation is engaged in oil palm plantation and

processing which produces CPO (Crude Palm Oil) or

crude palm oil and Palm Kernel (PK) or high quality

core oil. In processing palm oil in producing CPO

requires workers on the ignition. Workers in the

ignition section are workers assigned to supply pulp

and shell fuels using boiler installations, electro-

driven motors, steam vessels and other fittings to

produce steam with water raw materials. Most of

these workers are burned by burning fires.

138

Hutabarat, L.

Relationship of Conduct Is Not Safe with Fuel Accidents in Work Outletter Palm Oil Plants in PTPN IV of Year 2017.

DOI: 10.5220/0010039601380149

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology (ICEST 2018), pages 138-149

ISBN: 978-989-758-496-1

Data 2016 not found in written information about

burn incident at PT. X was not found, but based on

preliminary surveys and interviews with ignition

workers, they claimed that burns were common to

them, especially to new workers, but in reporting

burns were never reported because their burns were

less severe. The incidence of burns is also more

common in the daytime because during the day the

focus of the workers down due to the temperature of

hot air. Based on interviews to workers, the incidence

of burns due to not use self-protective equipment

(PPE) is complete for reasons of uncomfortable, not

careful and do not run work procedures established

by management or company, and most often they do

that they are in a hurry in completing their tasks to get

the job done quickly. Another phenomenon is the lack

of knowledge of workers, attitudes, and actions about

security in work, is possible because new workers

come to work, low education and never participate in

training from the company.

From the preliminary survey it was found that out

of 80 workers only 12% using APD and 39 people or

48.75% were burned because of unsafe acts. From the

background it is seen that the proportion of workers

suffering from burns of 48.75% is indicated because

of unsafe behavior by workers. Therefore, the authors

are interested in examining about the determinants of

unsafe behavior against burn incidents in oil palm

factory workers at PT. X Year 2017.

1.2 Problems

Based on the above background description, then the

problem in this research is how determinant (age,

working period, education, training, knowledge,

attitude, and action) causing burn incident at palm

factory worker (PKS) Tinjoan PTPN IV Year 2017 ?

1.3 Research Objectives

1.3.1 General Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the

determinant of burn incidence in PKS Tinjoan

workers in PTPN IV Year 2017.

1.3.2 Specific

Objectives

a. To determine the effect of age on occupational

safety and health with burn incidence in PKS

Tinjoan worker in PTPN IV Year 2017.

b. To know the effect of working period on work

safety and health with burn incident on PKS

Tinjoan worker in PTPN IV Year 2017.

c. To know the effect of education on occupational

safety and health with burn incidence in PKS

Tinjoan workers in PTPN IV Year 2017.

d. To know the effect of training on occupational

safety and health with burn incidence in PKS

Tinjoan worker in PTPN IV Year 2017.

e. To know the effect of knowledge about

occupational safety and health with burn

incidence in PKS Tinjoan worker in PTPN IV

Year 2017.

f. To know the effect of attitudes about

occupational safety and health. with burn

incidence in PKS Tinjoan worker in PTPN IV

Year 2017.

g. To know the effect of unsafe acts with burn

incident on PKS Tinjoan worker in PTPN IV

Year 2017.

1.4 Hypothesis

The determinants of burn incidence in oil palm

factory workers in PTPN IV 2017 are age, working

period, education, training, knowledge, attitude and

actions.

1.5 Research Benefits

With this research is expected to provide benefits to

various parties, namely:

1. As an input for the management of Kebon

Tinjoan PTPN IV in supervising workers in safe

behavior to avoid work accident incidents

2. For palm oil mill workers are expected to be

more aware of the importance of safe behavior in

work to avoid work accidents.

3. As a reference input to the author / further

researcher and can be useful in developing

science.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Unsafe Behavior

2.1.1 Understanding

Some experts distinguish the forms of behavior into

three domains of knowledge, attitude, and action or

often we hear with the term knowledge, attitude,

practice (Sarwono, 2012). Behavior work is a part

that plays a very important role in working life. Work

behavior is the action and attitude shown by the

people who work. Working behavior is how people in

the work environment can actualize themselves

Relationship of Conduct Is Not Safe with Fuel Accidents in Work Outletter Palm Oil Plants in PTPN IV of Year 2017

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through attitudes in work (Robbins, 2014). Thus

unsafe behavior is the action or deed of an employee

or employee that increases the likelihood of an

accident to the employee.

2.1.2 Classification

Unsafe Behavior

Unsafe behavior (Bird and Germain, 1990) is a

behavior that can permit an accident or incident.

Unsafe behavior is a human error in taking an attitude

or action. The classification of human error, namely:

a. Error by forgetting

This error occurs to someone who actually knows, is

able and intends to do it properly and safely and has

been commonly done. However, the person made a

mistake because he forgot. The fix is to change the

means and the environment, remind to be more

careful, increase supervision, reduce impact, and

others.

b. Error for not knowing

This error occurs because the person does not know

how to work and operate the equipment properly and

safely, or a calculation error occurs. This usually

happens due to lack of training, error instructions,

peruvahan information not notified, and others.

c. Error for not being able

This type of error occurs because people are unable to

perform the task. Example: work is too difficult,

physical or mental burden, heavy work, task or

information too much and others.

d. Error due to lack of motivation

Mistakes due to lack of motivation can occur due to:

1) Personal encouragement, such as wanting to

finish quickly, melalaui shortcuts, want to feel

comfortable, lazy to wear PPE, attract attention by

taking excessive risks, and others.

2) Encouragement of the environment, such as the

physical environment, the management system of

examples from the leadership and others.

Examples of unsafe behavior (Winarsunu, 2008):

a. Unqualified actions and authority. The important

thing is that all equipment must be operated by

someone who has authority and is familiar with

the dangers and operating procedures

b. Less or no use of personal protective equipment.

There are many opportunities workers do not have

or use personal protective equipment for a

particular task performance.

c. Failure to save equipment.

d. Works at a dangerous pace. As workers want to

try to end work too soon, it may run the engine at

a dangerous pace. Workers may also take

shortcuts that can lead to workplace accidents.

Management must ensure that this kind of action

is incorrect.

e. Failure in warning. If the equipment has an

automatic to turn on and off, or if an accurate alert

alert should be provided. Also a dangerous floor

or work surface should be marked.

f. Avoid or remove safety equipment. Many work

tools are accompanied with safety equipment such

as keys, fuses and so on. Someone tends to move

or avoid this kind of equipment for reasons of

comfort in work.

g. Using improper equipment. Equipment often

becomes damaged by length of use.

h. Using certain equipment for other purposes that

deviate.

i. Work in dangerous places without proper

safeguards and warnings.

j. Fixed equipment wrongly, for example on live

machine equipment that could endanger safety.

k. Working roughly. This activity is very dangerous

and is not permitted by the company either on or

off the job.

l. Use unsafe clothes when working.

m. Taking up unsaved work positions. For example,

lifted wrongly, reaching a height that requires the

depletion of energy.

2.1.3

Phases of Unsafe Behavior

According to Sanders (1993), malicious behavior

occurs through three phases of workers gradually,

namely:

a. Management Level

Management greatly affects the formation of unsafe

acts. Among other things is not firmly program health

and safety at company and perwatan to machine used

b. Aspects of the physical, psychological and

sociological environment of the work

Physical environment such as workspace

temperature, noise level, illumination, humidity and

workspace layout, equipment design such as control,

display, conformity, warning of hazards, electrical

hazards, engine hazards, and others. While the social

and psychological environment such as group norms,

inter-group communication, morale and union work.

Aspects of the physical, psychological and

sociological environments of the work will affect the

level of fatigue, concentration and discretion of labor

space.

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c. Individual

Individual characteristics can influence their behavior

in work. Elements of individual characteristics

include the level of ability, awareness, experience,

training, personality, physical ability, age, fatigue,

motivation, addiction, intelligence, job satisfaction

and so forth.

These three phases affect each other's first phase,

affect the second phase, and the second phase affects

the third phase (Winarsunu, 2008)

2.2 Work Accidents

2.2.1 Understanding

Regulation of the Minister of Manpower No. 3/1998

that work accidents are an undesirable and

unexpected event that may cause human and / or

property casualties. But even without accidental

accident, there is no reason, either because of

weaknesses on the part of the employer or the worker

or both, where this incident can cause harm to both

(Ridley, 2008).

The Occupational Health and Safety Assessment

Series (OHSAS) 18001 states that occupational

injuries are defined as work-related events that may

cause injury or illness (depending on the severity) of

deaths or events that may lead to death (Ramli, 2010).

Occupational Safety and Health Organization

(OSHA) classifies accidents based on accidents that

affect the worker, ie, first aid, medical treatment, light

work or accidents resulting in restricted work, loss

time incident) and death (fatality). accidents are

undesirable events that result in physical harm to

humans or damage to property. This is usually the

result of contact with energy sources (kinetic,

electrical, chemical, thermal, etc.) (Tarwaka, 2008).

2.2.2 Main Cause Occurrence of Occupational

Accidents

An accident is an event that always has a cause and

always results in a loss. An occupational accident will

only occur when there are multiple causal factors

simultaneously in a workplace or production process.

An accident can not happen by itself, but occurs by

one or several factors causing the accident at once in

an event. Because of the occurrence of accidents or

injury caused by 5 (five) causal factors that

sequentially and stand parallel between the factors

one with the other. The five factors are (Tarwaka,

2008):

1. Domino customs

2. Domino error

3. Domino actions and unsafe conditions

4. Domino crash

5. Domino injury

According to Dessler (Hanggraeni, 2012) there

are two main causes of accident in the company:

a. Unsafe conditions

Unsafe conditions are mechanical or physical

conditions resulting in accidents. Included in this

condition include the following:

1) Equipment that is not secured properly

2) Damaged equipment

3) Malicious settings or procedures, or around

machines or equipment

b. Unsafe action

Unsafe acts are the main cause of accidents and

humans that cause these unsafe acts. Included in this

category of unsafe acts include:

1) Not securing equipment

2) Do not use protective clothing or body

protective equipment.

3) Throw objects at random

4) Working at an unsafe speed, either too fast or

too slow

5) Causes the malfunction of the safety device by

moving, adjusting or deciding.

6) Use unsafe equipment in loading, placing,

mixing or combining

7) Taking (unsafe position under dependent

load).

8) Lifting things carelessly.

9) Annoying, teasing, fighting, playing and so

on.

Unsafe conditions and unsafe actions will result in

workplace accidents and, if often, will threaten the

company's operations.

These work accidents can result directly:

1. Physical suffering of labor, such as death,

disability and so on.

2. Loss of work time, property damage and so

forth.

2.2.3

How to Prevent Work Accidents

There are several things a company can do to prevent

accidents at work, including (Hanggraeni, 2012):

a. Reduces unsafe conditions. This is done by

ensuring that the conditions and working

environment meet the safety standards

b. Reduces unsafe working behavior. This can be

done by giving awareness to the workers that

adhering to the standards of job security is very

important.

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c. Have a worker who has a good working attitude.

The selection process also plays a role in

management.

d. Conduct K3 training. Training on K3 is important

to be held in order to increase awareness and

awareness of workers on hazard sources and ways

of handling so as to minimize the potential for

workplace accidents.

e. Conduct continuous inspection and motivation.

Inspections should always be made to ensure that

workers comply with and implement existing

security standards. If a violation is found, the

company can directly correct and punish the

employee. In addition, the motivation to continue

to comply with security standards must also

always be done, how can by putting banners,

posters, or invitations to always behave work that

follows security standards.

f. Conduct K3 audit. Audits are conducted to ensure

that K3 systems and management are properly

planned and implemented. This audit is useful to

find out whether there is a discrepancy between

the standards established by the actual

implementation in the field.

Suma'ur (2009) states that, accidents due to work

can be prevented by:

a. Regulations

Required provisions concerning general conditions of

work, planning, construction, maintenance and

maintenance, supervision, testing and working of

industrial equipment, employers 'and workers' duties,

exercises, first aid, and medical examinations.

b. Standardization

Determination of official, semi-official or unofficial

standards of construction that meet safety

requirements, certain types of industrial equipment,

safety practices, PPE or general hygiene.

c. Supervision

Supervision of compliance with the required statutory

provisions.

d. Research is technical

Technical research eg on hazardous materials, safety

fences, testing of PPE (Personal Protective

Equipment), blast prevention and other equipment.

e. Medical Research

Medical research mainly includes research on

physiological effects, environmental and

technological factors and the physical circumstances

that result in accidents.

f. Psychological research

Psychological research is an investigation of the

patterns of obligation that result in accidents.

g. Research is statistically

Statistical research to determine the types of accidents

that occur, how much, what to do, in what work and

why.

h. Education

Safety education in technical curriculum, trade

schools or carpentry courses.

i. Exercise

Practice exercises for the workforce, especially the

new workforce involves raising awareness, quality of

knowledge and skills of OSH for the workforce.

j. Excitement

Use of various ways of counseling or other

approaches to elicit survival.

k. Insurance

Insurance is a financial incentive to increase accident

prevention, for example in the form of premium

deductions paid by the company, if the safety

measures are very good.

Safety at enterprise level

One of them by inspection or examination is an

activity to prove the extent to which the working

conditions still meet the terms and conditions K3.

2.3 Burns

2.3.1 Understanding

Burns are a unique wound among other forms of

injury because they include large amounts of dead

tissue that remain in place for long periods of time.

Rapid burns will be inhabited by pathogenic bacteria;

undergo exudation with large amounts of water,

proteins and electrolytes, and require grafting of skin

from other parts of the body to produce permanent

wound closure (Smeltzer & Suzanne C, 2002). Burns

are injuries caused by direct or indirect contact with

high temperatures such as fire, hot water, electricity,

chemicals and radiation (Nugroho, 2012).

2.3.2

Causes of Burns

According Moenadjat (2003), based on the cause of

burns can be divided into:

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a. Burns due to fire

Due to direct contact between the network with open

flame, and causing direct injury to the network.

Hot object (contact): Occurs from direct contact

with a hot object. The resulting burn is limited to the

area of the body in contact. Examples include

cigarette burns and tools such as soldering iron or

cookware.

b. Burns due to hot water

Occurs from contact with hot water. The thicker the

liquid and the longer the contact time, the greater the

damage it will inflict. Accidental or accidental

wounds can be distinguished by the pattern of burns.

c. Burns due to chemicals (acidic or strong bases)

Burns due to chemicals such as various acidic

substances, bases, and other sharp materials.

Chemical concentrations, length of contact and the

amount of tissue exposed determine the extent of

injury due to these chemicals. Chemical burns can

occur for example because of contact with cleaning

agents that are often used for domestic use and

various chemicals used in the fields of industry,

agriculture and the military

d. Burns due to electricity and lightning

Electrical burns, both Alternative Current (AC) and

Direct Current (DC). Electrical burns are caused by

heat driven from electrical energy delivered through

the body. The severity of the wound is affected by the

length of contact, the high voltage and the way the

electric waves reach the body.

2.4 Platform Theory

This theory was introduced by H.W. Heinrich in 1931

after analyzing 75,000 cases of accidents. In the

observation result concluded that 88% cause of

accident is unsafe acts, 10% is unsafe condition and

2% is unavoidable.

2.5 Concept Framework

Law no. 1 year 1970 in Ramli (2010) explains that the

safety of work in a workplace covers various aspects

relating to the condition and safety of production,

human and work mode in this case is meant behavior.

Behavior on preventing and controlling the onset of

illness due to physical, as well as psychological work,

poisoning and transmission associated with health

aspects of work. Human error in high-risk jobs is an

event based on poor individual OSH behavior. Based

on Domino Heinrich's Theory of one of the factors

causing occupational injury is unsafe behavior and /

or unsafe condition. (Unsafe act and / or unsafe

condition). Heinrich states that unsafe act and unsafe

condition are the main factors in the cause of the

accident.

3 RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 Types of Research

This research is a quantitative-analytic research using

cross sectional design approach, that is a research

where the measurement of free variable and

dependent variable at the same time, with the aim of

analyzing the relationship of unsafe behavior with

burn incidence at Tinjoan palm factory workers in

PTPN IV .

3.2 Population and Sample

3.2.1 Population

The population in this research is all workers at the

ignition part at PTPN IV Tinjoan palm plant as many

as 80 people consisting of 8 people in the boiler, the

fire furnace 13 people, the watering floor 7 people,

the electricity 4 people, the ram loading part as much

26 person, 8 person cleaning machine parts, 4 people

administration department and foreman 3 people.

3.2.2 Sample

The sample in this research is all the workers on

the ignition part in the palm oil factory Tinjoan

PTPN IV of 73 people.

3.3 Data Collection Method

3.3.1 Primary Data

Primary data in this research was obtained by

interview by using questionnaires that design based

on SOP.

3.3.2 Secondary Data

Secondary data obtained from PTPN IV which

includes, company profile, number of workers, report

of disease history data.

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3.4 Variables and Operational

Definition

3.4.1 Variables

The variables in this study consist of independent

variables and dependent variables are:

a. Free Variable (Independent)

The independent variable is a variable whose

existence affects the dependent variable. In this case

the independent variables include: Age, Work Period,

Education, Training, Knowledge, Attitude, Action

b. Dependent Variable (Dependent)

The dependent variable is the variable whose

existence is influenced by the independent variables,

In this study including the dependent variable is the

incidence of burns

3.4.2 Operational Definition of Variables

a. Age is the length of time a nurse's life journey is

calculated from birth to the time of study

b. The period of work is the length of work the

worker has gone through until the time of the

study which is calculated by year.

c. Education is the level or level of the last formal

education ever undertaken by workers

d. Training is a short-term education process on

occupational safety and health provided to

workers

e. Knowledge is everything that workers know

about safety and health that can cause burns.

f. Attitude is the worker's response to everything

about safety and health on burns.

g. Unsafe action is an action that workers make that

can cause burns while working.

h. The occurrence of burns is the destruction of body

tissues of workers due to exposure to embers.

3.5 Measurement Method

Methods of measurement of variables used in this

study are as follows (Arikunto, 2013):

3.5.1 Independent Variable Measurement

a. Age of respondents categorized as follows:

0 = ≥ 35 years

1 = <35 years

Scale: Ordinal

b. Work Periods are categorized as follows:

0 = ≥ 2 years

1 = <2 years

Scale: Ordinal

c. Education is categorized as follows:

0 = High (SMA, D3, PTP)

1 = Low (Not completed primary, elementary,

junior high)

Scale: Ordinal

d. Training is categorized as follows:

0 = Have attended the training

1 = Never attended the training

Scale: Nominal

e. Knowledge of respondents about prevention of

burns in the measured by using questionnaires

consisted of 11 questions, if the answer correctly

given the score 1 and one given a score of 0. Then

obtained the lowest score 0 and the highest score 12.

Knowledge categorized as follows:

0 = High Knowledge has a score of> 75% with the

right questions (8-11)

1 = Low Knowledge has a score of ≤ 75% with the

right questions (0-7)

Scale: Ordinal

f. Measurement of attitudes about burn prevention

was measured using questionnaire consisting of 9

questions, if the answer strongly agreed to be given a

score of 4, agreed to score 3, hesitated given score 2,

disagree scored 1 and strongly disagree given a score

of 0 for positive statements . In the negative statement

the answer is very agree given a score of 0, agree to

be given a score of 1, hesitate given a score of 2, not

agree to score 3 and strongly disagree given score 4.

Then obtained the lowest score 0 and the highest

score 40. Attitude categorized as follows:

0 = A positive attitude has a score of> 75% with the

right questions (27-36)

1 = Negative attitudes have a score of ≤ 75% with the

right questions (0-26)

Scale: Ordinal

g. Action

Measurement of action using questionnaire

consists of 10 questions, Positive action if answer

questions always given a score of 4, often given a

score of 3, sometimes given a score of 2, rarely given

a score of 1 and never 0. Negative measures if

answering questions always given a score of 0 , often

given a score of 1, sometimes given a score of 2,

rarely given a score of 3 and never 4. Action

categorized as follows:

0 = Good action has score> 75% with right questions

(score 30-40)

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1 = Poorly scored ≤ 75% with the right questions

(score 0-29) Scale: Ordinal.

3.5.2 Measurement of Dependent Variables

Measurement of dependent variable that burn

incidence is arranged in 1 question with answer

choice as much as 2 point, if answer yes marked

1, and if marked 0, then categorized become:

0 = No burns

1 = Experiencing burns

Scale: Nominal

3.6 Data Analysis Method

After the data is collected the next step is to analyze

the relationship between the independent variables

with the dependent variable, the research using

computerized program, then done the data analysis

gradually. The data analysis using:

1. Univariate analysis which is a descriptive analysis

to see the frequency distribution of each variable

(independent variable and bound)

2. Bivariate analysis to see the relationship between

independent variables with independent

dependent variable by using chi-square at 95%

confidence level (p <0,05).

3. Multivariate analysis is a further analysis to

determine whether or not the influence of

independent variables on dependent variable

together by using logistic regression analysis at

95% confidence level (p <0,05).

4 RESEARCH RESULT

Employee Age Relation with Burn Injury to Oil Palm

Planters at PT X Year 2017.

Based on the result of the research, the age

correlation with the burn incidence on the workers

showed that from 14 people aged ≥ 35 years there

were 12 people (85,7%) who did not burn and who

burned 2 people (14,3%), whereas from 59 people

<35 years old there were 44 people (74.6%) who did

not suffered burns and who suffered burns as many as

15 people (25.4%). Chi-Square test results showed

that the value of p = 0.722> 0.05 which means there

is no significant relationship between age with burns

incidence.

Relationship of Worker Education with Burn Injury

to Oil Palm Planters at PT X Year 2017

Based on the result of the research, the correlation of

education with the burn incidence on the workers

showed that from 54 high education people there

were 43 people (79,6%) who did not burn and burned

11 people (20,4%), while from 19 people with low

education there were 14 people (73,7%) who did not

suffered burn and who burned as many as 6 people

(26,3%). Chi-Square test results showed that the

value of p = 0.782> 0.05 which means there is no

significant relationship between education with burn

incidence.

Relationship of Working Period of Workers with

Burn Injury to Oil Palm Planters at PT X Year 2017

Based on the result of the research, the working

relationship with the burn incidence on the workers

shows that from 61 people who have worked for ≥ 2

years there are 53 people (86,9%) who did not

suffered burn and who burned as many as 8 people

(13,1 %), while from 12 people who have worked for

<2 years there were 7 people (58.3%) who did not

suffered burns and who suffered burns as many as 5

people (48.3%). Chi-Square test results showed that

the value of p = 0.003 <0.05, which means there is a

significant relationship between the working period

and the incidence of burns.

Relationship of Training of Workers with Burn

Injuries to Oil Palm Factory Workers in PT X Year

2017

Based on the result of the research, the correlation

between the training and the incidence of burns on the

workers shows that from 20 people had attended the

training there were 19 people (95.0%) who were not

burned and who burned 1 person (5.0%), while from

53 people who had never attended the training were

40 people (75.5%) who were not burned and burned

by 13 people (24.5%). Chi-Square test results show

that the value of p = 0.057> 0.05 which means there

is no significant relationship between training with

burn incidence.

Relationship of Worker Knowledge with Burn Injury

to Oil Palm Planters at PT X Year 2017

Based on the result of the research, the knowledge

relation with the burn incidence on the worker

showed that from 27 people with high knowledge

there were 25 people (92,6%) who did not burn and

who burned 2 people (7,4%), while from 38 people

with low knowledge were 38 people (76%) who were

not burned and burned by 12 people (24%). Chi-

Square test results show that the value p = 0.031

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145

<0.05 which means there is a significant relationship

between knowledge with burn incidence.Relationship

between Workers' Attitudes and Burn Injuries to Oil

Palm Factory Workers in PT X Year 2017.

Based on the result of the research, the attitude

relationship with the burn incidence on the workers

showed that from 49 people with positive attitude

there were 40 people (81,6%) who did not burn and

who burned 9 people (18,4%), while from 24 people

with negative attitude were 20 people (83,3%) who

were not burned and who burned 4 people (16,7%).

Chi-Square test results indicate that the value of p =

0.428 <0.05 which means there is no significant

relationship between attitude with burn incidence.

Relationship of Worker's Action with Burn Injury to

Oil Palm Factory Workers in PT X Year 2017

Based on the result of the research, the correlation

between the action and the burn incidence on the

workers showed that from 32 people whose actions

were good there were 31 people (96,9%) who were

not burned and burned by 1 person (3.1%), while

from 41 people whose actions were less than 32

people (78.1%) who were not burned and who burned

9 people (21.9%). Chi-Square test results showed that

the value of p = 0.001 <0.05 which means there is a

significant relationship between the action with the

incidence of burns.

4.1 Multivariate Analysis

Based on the results obtained that the working period

affect the incidence of burns with a value of p = 0.026.

The period of work has the value Exp (B) = 4,065

means workers who have a working period <2 years

have a chance of burn incident incidence of 4 times

greater than the workers whose working period ≥ 2

years. There is an effect of action on burn incidence

with p value = 0,023. The action has the value Exp

(B) = 11.586 means workers who are less secure

measures have the chance of burn incidence 12 times

greater than workers with safe measures.

Multiple logistic regression equation models that

can predict incidence of burns in coconut factory

workers in PT X are as follows:

Information:

P: Probability of burns incidence

X1: working period, regression coefficient 1.403

X2: action, regression coefficient 2,450

a: Constants -3,672

The above equation shows that workers who work

less than 2 years and act unsafe have a probability of

55.5% for burns. Meanwhile, workers whose working

years> 2 years of safe acting have a probability of

21.40% for burn incidents.

5 DISCUSSION

5.1 Determinant Working Period of

Burn Injury to Palm Oil Mill

Workers at PT X

The period of work is a factor that can affect the

occurrence of accidents due to work. there were 53

people (86.9%) who were not burned and burned 8

people (13.1%), while from 12 people who had

worked for <2 years there were 7 people (58,3%) who

not burned and burned as many as 5 people (48.3%).

Chi-Square test results showed that the value of p =

0.003 <0.05 which means there is a significant

relationship between the working period with the

incidence of burns and multivariate results indicate

the working period effect on the incidence of burns

with a value of p = 0.026. The period of work has the

value Exp (B) = 4,065 means workers who have a

working period <2 years have a chance of burn

incident incidence of 4 times greater than the workers

whose working period ≥ 2 years. The result of this

research is in accordance with research conducted by

Kadarwati (2006) to workers in the production of PT.

Luxindo Nusantara there is a relationship between the

working period and the incidence of work accident.

Based on various studies with high employment

and skills it can decrease the number of accidental

accidents because of the vigilance there are accidents

getting better in line with the age and duration of work

in the workplace concerned. This is in accordance

with the statement Suma'mur (2009) which suggests

that the experience to be wary of accidents work

better according to the increase of working period and

long work in the workplace concerned. Inexperienced

workers are one of the factors that may affect the

occurrence of workplace accidents compared with

workers who work> 3 years. According to

Notoatmodjo (2012), human behavior is a balanced

state between the driving forces and the retaining

force. The driving force in this case is the factor that

encourages the employee's motivation and retention

is the factor that causes the workers' discontent.

Therefore, workers should be rewarded as a form of

appreciation of safe behavior that has been applied as

a form of support to companies in reducing the

frequency of workplace accidents. As Geller (2001)

argues that appreciation is a positive consequence

given to individuals or groups with a view to

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Technology

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developing, supporting, and maintaining the expected

behavior.

According to Suma'mur (2009), employment can

be the cause of an accident on a job because the new

workforce usually does not know in depth about the

job and its safety. Meanwhile, long service life

coupled with continuous practice will be able to

increase knowledge and improve one's skills, work

will also be more qualified and quickly completed.

Work experience of a workforce can affect the

occurrence of work accidents. Research related to the

work experience of 383 cases of work accidents in

Hongkong proves that accidents on the hands due to

exposure to the engine occurs in the workforce who

work less than 1 year. The new workforce does not

usually know in depth the ins and outs of work and

safety. They also often attach importance to the

completion of certain jobs given to them, so that

safety does not get enough attention. In addition,

many new workers who do not know clearly the way

the machine works and safety. There is a new

workforce who had an accident when first working

using the machine, because not yet know clearly how

to use and how to work that is safe and not yet

accustomed to using the machine.

The longer a person works the more experience

and the higher the knowledge and skills, so that it can

mengirangi risk of work accidents. The results of this

study show that there is a tendency of oil palm factory

workers with a working period of less than 2 years

experienced more burns incidents than palm oil mill

workers who have worked for more than 2 years. The

period of work can affect both positive and negative

performance. Giving a positive influence on

performance if with increasing length of personal

work experience more and more in carrying out its

duty. Conversely, will give a negative influence if

with increasing length of service will arise habits on

the workforce. This is usually associated with work

that is monotonous or repetitive.

5.2 Determinant Measures against

Burns Events on Palm Oil Millers

at PT X

Human behavior in work can create the risks

associated with occupational safety. Unsafe behavior

is considered to be the result of errors committed by

either the worker involved directly. Based on the

result of the research, the correlation between the

action and the burn incidence on the workers showed

that from 32 people whose actions were good there

were 31 people (96,9%) who were not burned and

burned by 1 person (3.1%), while from 41 people

whose actions were less than 32 people (78.1%) who

were not burned and who burned 9 people (21.9%).

Chi-Square test results showed that the value of p =

0.001 <0.05 which means there is a significant

relationship between the action with the incidence of

burns. Multivariate analysis showed that there was an

effect of action on burn incidence with p value =

0,023. The action has the value Exp (B) = 11.586

means workers who are less secure measures have the

chance of burn incidence 12 times greater than

workers with safe measures.

Insecure actions of palm oil mill workers are,

among other things, working in a hurry, not checking

conveyor funnels, not using PPE, not cleaning spills

and dirt quickly, not obeying work instructions, and

while working, workers are joking. This unsafe

behavior causes burns to workers. Unsafe behavior

can be controlled by the supervision of the company,

so it is necessary strong support from the company in

creating a safe behavior on workers.

Organizational factors in companies have

different defense systems in them. Inadequate direct

organizational conditions can also damage the

defense system resulting in system failures, such as in

oil palm factories, ie, lack of strict application of OHS

regulations and procedures and supervision of poor

safety systems eg the absence of a Work Permit ),

SOPs only on the part of machinery, and supervision

of workers' safety lack of safety training, as well as

working environment conditions are a form of the

absence of a safety culture within the plant.

The results of this study in accordance with

research conducted by Affidah (2011) states there is

the influence of unsafe acts against accidents. In

Suraji's (2001) study found that the actions of workers

who directly cause workplace injuries amounted to

29.8% of which were the use of faulty or defective

protective equipment, failure to comply with

instructions or regulations that were inadequate, less

cautious, overconfident.

Unsafe action is the cause of most of the work

accident rate. Based on the theories of Frank E. Bird

and Heinrich, each has a different theory but the goal

remains the same is to prevent and reduce the

incidence of accidents. Based on the theory of Bird

who want to break the chain of work accidents by

improving the management of a company, while the

Heinrich theory who want to break the chain accident

work by improving human behavior (Ramli, 2010).

Behavior of mansuia is reflected in the actions

they perform at work. In PKS workers are still many

who work with haste. Working in a hurry can increase

the risk of workplace accidents because of certain

workers are less alert when working. There are still

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147

many PKS workers who do not check the expenditure

funnel and conveyor cover, it is an unsafe behavior

that can also cause work hazards for both workers and

companies if the expenditure funnel is blocked can

cause a fire or explosion. There are still many workers

who have not complied with work instructions,

whereas work instructions are made to improve

workers' safety and security. Therefore it is necessary

to do socialization, make warnings on the wall so as

to remind workers to act safe when working.

6 CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Conclusions

The conclusions in this study are as follows:

1. There is an age effect on occupational safety and

health with burn incidence at Tinjoan palm oil mill

worker at PTPN IV Year 2017.

2. There is influence of working period on work

safety and health with burn incident at Tinjoan palm

oil mill worker at PTPN IV Year 2017.

3. There is no effect of knowledge on occupational

safety and health with burn incidence at Tinjoan palm

oil mill worker at PTPN IV Year 2017.

4. There is influence of attitudes about occupational

safety and health. with the incidence of burns on

workers at the palm oil factory Tinjoan PTPN IV

Year 2017.

5. There is an effect of unsafe acts with burn

incidence at Tinjoan palm oil mill worker at PTPN IV

Year 2017.

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