Comparison of the Effectiveness of Honey and Bee Pollen in the

Repair of Burn in Mice based on Diameter of Burns

Sake Juli Martina

, Romanti Purba

, Muhammad Fariz

Departement of Pharmacology and Therapeutic of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara

and Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital

Department of Public Health/Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Sumatera Utara Indonesia

Keywords: Bee pollen, burns, diameter, honey

Abstract: Introduction: Burn is a type of trauma that can cause distress, because there is damage and changes in the

body's system, causing a variety of complex problems. Burns also have higher morbidity and mortality rates

than other injuries. In traditional medicine, honey has been used to treat burns that occur on the skin. When

rubbed on the burned area, honey will reduce pain and prevent blisters. Therefore, bee products such as bee

pollen thought to have the same effect as honey to treat burns. Method: The purpose of this study is to look

at bee keeping products more effectively between honey and bee pollen in treating burns. The methode used

in this experimental research is randomized designs post test only control group using experimental animals

which were divided into two study groups. Animals were injured on the back, and the handling is done on the

burn after some time. Apply honey for one group of mice and bee pollen on the other group of mice which

suffered from burns until the wounds are fully covered. Apply daily for 14 days. Measuring the diameter of

the wound is done every day in centimeters. The data was processed using the Mann-Whitney U test

hypotheses. Result: The results showed a mean diameter of wound repair in the group treated with honey is

0,311 centimeters, and the mean diameter of wound repair in the group treated with bee pollen is 0.333

centimeters. Results from the hypothesis test obtained, p value is 0.884 (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The hypothesis

test results show that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of honey and beepollen in treating

burns

1 INTRODUCTION

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, of

which 15% of the adult human body is skin.1 The skin

often undergoes mechanical trauma due to the impact

of sharp objects and blunt objects, resulting in

discontinuity of skin tissue (wounds). The most

common and widespread type of wound in the world

is burns.

Burns are a type of trauma that can cause

suffering, because of damage and changes in the body

system, resulting in complex problems.3 Burns are

also events that cause higher morbidity and disability

rates than other injuries.

The National Institute of Burn Medicine collects

statistical data from various burn centers throughout

the United States noting that about 75% of burn

patients are caused by self-acts.

Statistics show that 60% of burns occur due to

domestic accidents, 20% due to accidents at work,

and the remaining 20% for other reasons, such as

bombs, volcanoes, etc.3 According to the World

Health Organization (WHO), burns cause 195,000

death every year until 2012 around the world,

especially in poor and developing countries. Burns

that do not cause any death apparently cause

disability to the sufferer.

In the United States in 1995-2000, about 2.5

million people suffered burns each year. Where

200,000 patients require outpatient treatment and

100,000 patients are hospitalized. Approximately

12,000 people die each year from burns and

inhalation injuries associated with burns. One million

working days are lost each year because of burns.

In Indonesia, the mortality rate is quite high, more

than 250 people per year die from burns in 2004-

2008, where children and the elderly are most likely

to experience burn injuries. The most cause of burn

incident in Indonesia was caused by explosion of

LPG gas cylinder by 30,4%, followed by fire 25,7%,

346

Martina, S., Purba, R. and Fariz, M.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Honey and Bee Pollen in the Repair of Burn in Mice based on Diameter of Burns.

DOI: 10.5220/0010042803460351

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology (ICEST 2018), pages 346-351

ISBN: 978-989-758-496-1

and hot water 19,1%. The average patient was treated

for 13.72 days with a mortality rate of 34% .

Deaths generally occur in burns with an area of

more than 50% or in burns accompanied by

respiratory tract injury, and 50% occur in the first 7

days of treatment.3 However, in almost all patients

with severe burns or other exfoliation, there is a huge

loss of plasma through the peeling areas of the skin,

resulting in a decrease in plasma volume. Loss of

plasma volume from the circulatory system can

significantly lead to shock.

Currently, honey plays a role as an antibiotics as

well as topical medicines currently circulating in the

community, this is reinforced by some studies of

honey as an antibacterial and accelerate the

regeneration of damaged tissue cells.9 The content of

flavonoids and phenolic acids in honey that function

as antimicrobials. Honey has been used since ancient

times for wound repair. Indian medicine states honey

as a source of life and medicine. Honey has also been

used to treat wounds in World War I. Other literature

has also stated that honey is useful in reducing

infection rates13 and has it is known that honey has

antibacterial properties.

In traditional medicine, honey has been used to

withstand skin burns. If applied to a burning area,

honey will reduce pain and prevent blister formation.

High osmolarity content in honey is a preventative of

infection and speeds wound healing time. The content

of honey acting as an antibiotic is hydrogen peroxide.

Other honey content: 17.1% water, total

carbohydrates 82.4%, and 0.5%, amino acids,

vitamins, and minerals.

Because of the above, beepollen bee products are

thought to have anti-bacterial effects and can

accelerate wound healing time just like honey. Thus,

this is what underlies the research on the comparison

of effectiveness of Honey and Bee Pollen on the

process of repair burns.

2 METHODS

2.1 Research Design

2.1.1 Type of Reseach Design

This research is true experimental research with

randomized post test design only control group

design. The study used experimental animals that

were divided into 2 research groups.

Explanation :

S = Sample

R = Randomization

K1 = Treatment group with topical Honey for 14 days

K2 = Treatment group with topical Bee Pollen for 14

days

O1 = Observation result of treatment group by giving

honey

O2 = Observation result of treatment group by Bee

Pollen

2.1.2 Research Location

The research will be conducted at Biology Laboratory

of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

(FMIPA) Universitas Sumatera Utara

2.1.3 Study Plan

The study is planned to begin in September -

December 2016. Research will be conducted after

Ethical Clearance approval from the Ethics

Commission of the Faculty of Medicine, University

of North Sumatra.

2.2 Population and Sample Research

In this study we will use Duoble Distsch Webster

mice, 2-3 months of age, 20-30 gram weight, healthy,

has never been used for other studies. The number of

group try animals was obtained based on Federer's

(1963) formula, as follows:

(t-1)(n-1)≥ 15

Explanation :

n = sample size

t = number of groups of experimental animals

Therefore, the required sample size is:

Sample selection and grouping were done using

simple randomization method (simple random

sampling). Based on Federer's formula, a sample is

required for at least 16 animals in each group. With

(

-1)(n-1) ≥ 15

(2-1)(n-1) ≥ 15

(n-1) ≥ 15

≥

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Honey and Bee Pollen in the Repair of Burn in Mice based on Diameter of Burns

347

the addition of the estimated drop out, then each

group of animals required as many as 17 mice. So the

number of experimental animals required for this

study amounted to 34 individuals who met the

inclusion criteria to be numbered and divided into 2

groups. For drop out groups, mice which die during

the study period will be excluded from the study

sample group.

2.2.1 Inclusion Criteria

1. Mice strain Duoble Distsch Webster, age 2-3

months, weight 20-30 grams.

2. Healthy mice.

2.2.2 Exclusion Criteria

1. Mice with degree I burns

2. Mice with degree III burns

2.3 Maintenance and Preparation of

Animal Samples

Prior to the study, the adaptation of animals was tried

for 24 hours with a standard diet of eating and

drinking ad libitum. Animals sample to be maintained

during the study period.

2.3.1 Procedure

Making Burns Degree II. Shave the backs of mice.

Perform anesthesia on the back with a dose of 0.2 cc

Lidocaine. The skin is injured by dripping the skin of

mice with water 100o Celsius temperature using 5 cc

syringe for 7 seconds. After 7 seconds, we suck back

the water using spiut. In order to cut circular wound,

we limit it with iron or metal in the form of a circle

with a diameter of 2 centimeters.

Handling Procedures for Burns Degree II.

Handling done twice a day is always cleaned before

applying honey and Bee Pollen to mice. Before

smearing honey and beepollen, researchers first

observed the mice burns to see the repair of wounds

in the mice every day. After the observation, the

researchers measured the diameter of the wound in

the mice to see if there was an improvement in burn

wound diameter. Measurements are made by

measuring the distance farthest from one side to the

burn side by using a ruler in centimeters.

Measurements are made only once a day. After

measuring the diameter of the wound, then the honey

and beepollen are smeared. Splash honey in the group

with honey (K1) and Bee Pollen in the group with

Beepollen (K2) to the back of the mice that burns until

the entire wound is covered. Observations,

measurements and honey and beepollen were done

daily for 14 days in centimeters.

2.4 Operational Definition

Research Title: Comparison of the effectiveness of

honey and bee pollen in the repair of burns in mice

based on diameter of burns.

1. The diameter of burns

a. The diameter is the furthest distance formed

by a burn

b. Means of Measure: two dimensional

assessments (calculation length x width)

c. Measurement tool: ruler

d. Measure result: value by kilogram

e. Measurement Scale: ratio

2. Repair Burns

a. Repair of burns is a reduction in burn wound

diameter

b. Means of Measure: two dimensional

assessments (calculation length x width)

c. Measurement tool: ruler

d. Measure result: value by kilogram

e. Measurement Scale: ratio

2.5 Data Analysis

The data will be analyzed by ANOVA if the

parametric data is normally distributed. If the data is

not normally distributed, then the data taken is non-

parametric and tested with Mann-Whitney U.

3 RESULT

3.1 Reseach Result

3.1.1 Description of Research Location

The research was conducted at Biology Laboratory,

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

University of Sumatera Utara (FMIPA USU) Medan,

located at Jalan Bioteknologi no. 1, University of

Sumatera Utara Campus, Padang Bulan Village,

Medan Baru District, Medan. This location is chosen

by considering the completeness of facilities and

supporting facilities are good to support the success

of this research.

ICEST 2018 - 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and

Technology

348

3.1.2 Description of Research Location

In this study, the samples used were 18 male Double

Distsch Webster male strips.

Table 1. Table Repair the Hydraulic Diameter on Group

Honey for 14 Days in Centimeter units

Based on table 1, it can be seen that in the group

of beepollen administration there is an improvement

in progressive burn wound diameter in mice 1, 3, 5,

6, and 9. This is obvious because in mice 1, 3, 5, 6,

and 9 have healing total at day 14. In mice 2, 4, 7, and

8 also happened improvement of burner diameter, but

improvement of burn diameter not as good as in mice

1, 3,5, 6, and 9.

Table 2. Mean of wound diameter on group of honey and

beepollen in centimeter

Sample group N Average

Diameter

Standard

deviation

Honey 9

0,311 0,4833

ollen 9 0,333 0,4213

Based on the results of the research in Table 2

above, the group with the meanest diameter is the

group with the Honey, ie 0.311 ± 0.4833 centimeters.

While the group with the largest mean diameter is the

group with the provision of Beepollen, which is 0.333

± 0.4213 centimeters.

A. Data Normality Test

In this study, the data normality test used is the

Shapiro-Wilk test. Data is normally distributed if p

value> 0,05 and is not normally distributed if p value

<0,05. The results of normality test data can be seen

in Table 3 below.

Table 3. Normality of Wound Repair Diameter with

Shapiro-Wilk Test

Sample group Statistic Df Sig.

Honey 0,732 9 0,003

eepollen 0,772 9 0,010

Based on table 3, the significance value for the

honey group is 0.003 and 0.010 for the beepollen

group. Because the significance value of both groups

<0.05, it is said that the data is not normally

distributed.

B. Homogeneity Test

Homogeneity tests were conducted to see if the

variants of some populations were the same

(homogeneous). If the significance value is <0.05,

then it is said that the variant of the population data

group is not the same. Vice versa.

Table 4. Homogeneity test of impaired diameter of wound

on giving group

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

0,000 1 16 1,000

Based on homogeneity test results in the above

table, obtained p value of 1,000, whose value> 0,05.

It is known that the population data group in this

study has the same variant (homogeneous).

C. Comparability Test

The comparability test was aimed to compare mean

of wound diameter in honey and beepollen group.

Comparative analysis used is a test for non parametric

data, namely mann-whitney u.

Table 5. Data comparability test using the mann-whitney u

hypothesis test

Sample Group Day 14

Asymp. Sig. (2-Tailed)

0,884

After a nonparametric hypothesis test with mann-

whitney u method with significance level of 0.05 (α =

5%,), p value was 0.884 (p> 0.05), which means no

significant difference in effectiveness on honey and

beepollen in repair burns

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Honey and Bee Pollen in the Repair of Burn in Mice based on Diameter of Burns

349

4 DISCUSSION

This study is a true experimental design study with

the aim to compare the effectiveness of honey and

beepollen in the repair of burns based on burn

diameter.

Based on the statistical test value in Table 2, it can

be seen that the mean of wound diameter in honey

group is smaller than the mean of beepollen group

(0,311 <0,333). This is in accordance with previous

research, Noori S. Al-Waili et al, where it is said that

honey can accelerate the healing time of superficial

burns and burns in .25

This may be due to previous studies, honey has

been shown to be significant (p <0.001) in

prospective, randomized, clinical trials, faster in

curing superficial burns. In a previous study

conducted on 52 burn patients treated with honey,

91% wound healed with steril within 7 days. Molan

P.C found that healthy tissue granulation was faster

in patients treated with honey (mean 7.4 days).

Within 7 days, 84% of wound treated with honey

showed a satisfactory epithelialization process, and

recovered 100% within 21 days.14

The improvement of wound diameter in the honey

group in Table 2 can also be due to the fact that Honey

has a high sugar content and also high osmolarity,

which can inhibit microbial growth.26 Honey can

also reduce inflammation, swelling and pain in burns

quickly, accelerate the release of necrotic tissue,

accelerate granulation and reepithelization with

minimal scarring.27 without causing resistance.25

In the group of beepollen based on Table 2 the

mean diameter of 0.333 was found, which was larger

than the honey group, but not so different from the

honey group. This can be due to beepollen is also a

bee product whose composition is not much different

or almost the same as the composition of honey.

Researchers did not find previous studies that

specifically looked for a comparison of the

effectiveness between honey and beepollen in repair

of burn wound diameter.

However, previous research by Vassev et al.,

Stated that beepollen also has a high anti-

inflammatory effect that can prevent the activity of

cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, an enzyme

responsible for converting arachidonic acid into

prostaglandins so as to minimize or eliminate pain

after animals try to get burned. Beepollen also has a

high antibiotic effect present in flavonoids and

phenolic acids, which can shorten the wound healing

time28.

It is said by Harbone, J.B, flavonoids are phenol

compounds known to have potential as antioxidants

and anti-inflammatory. In addition, flavonoids can

also cause damage to the arrangement and changes in

the permeability mechanism of the bacterial cell wall

thus accelerating the wound healing process29.

From the results of the study it was found that

there was no significant difference in effectiveness in

honey and beepollen in the repair of burns, so this is

not in accordance with the initial hypothesis. So it can

be concluded that honey and beepollen have the same

effectiveness in the repair of burns. However, further

research on honey and beepollen related to the repair

of burn diameter is required.

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the results of research conducted on the

comparison of effectiveness of Honey and Beepollen

in the repair of burns in mice based on the diameter

of burns, can be drawn some conclusions as follows:

1. The mean of burn repair diameter in honey

group is 0,311 centimeter.

2. Average diameter of burn repair in Bee Pollen

group is 0,333 centimeter.

3. There was no significant difference between

the mean time of repair of burn diameter in

both groups because the obtained value p =

0.884.

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