The Growth Production Paddy and Tilapia sp with Legowo Row

Planting System Support of Security Food and Maritime in Indonesia

Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar

Department Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. DR.A.Sofyan No 3 Kampus USU

Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.

Keywords: Rice, Legowo Row, Tilapia sp, Food Security.

Abstract: Indonesia, agricultural productivity is declining predictably due to shrinkage of agricultural land to non-farms

such as plantation, industry and fishery sectors. The purpose of this research is to analyze how big the effect

of the use of Legowo row planting system to growth and production of rice plants, to analyze the amount of

fish population density and interaction of fish farming with Legowo row planting system optimal to the

production and population density of Tilapia sp fish. This research was conducted in Manik Rambung

Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency, North of Sumatera Province during April-July 2017. Based on research

carried out which obtained 10 kinds of pests of various and less species, namely: Nezara viridula, Leptocorica

acuta, Sogatella coarctata, Scircophaga incertulas, Naraenae, Cardiochiles philippinensis, Scliphron sp,

Aphis sp, and Chilochorus sp. The method used in this research is purposive random sampling which is

arranged in randomized block design (RBD) factorial pattern with 2 factors, namely: first factor of planting

system of Legowo row system consists of 4 levels, namely: (tandur row), (Legowo row 2:1) , (Legowo row

3:1), (Legowo row 4:1). And the second factor of density of Tilapia sp fishes used consisted of 4 levels:

(without fish), (1 fish/m²), (2 fish/m²), and (3 fish/m²). The result of the research showed that the planting

system of Legowo row row 2: 1 yielded the best result on the 60 DAP of plant height, the panicle length, the

weight of the cultivar, the weight of the grain of rice, the production of rice ton haˉ¹. While the Legowo row

4:1 row system gives the highest yield on the parameters of the number of productive tillers, and the weight

of 1000 grains of grain. And the population density of Tilapia sp (24 fish/plot) gives the best fish weight,

while the density of fish population of 12 tails gives the best result on the parameter of fish survival rate and

fish weight per fish. Based on the value of R / C and B / C ratio, the fish farming system profitable and feasible

to be developed in support of food security and maritime in Simalungun, North of Sumatera, Indonesia.

1 INTRODUCTION

The decline of Manik Rambung Sub-district rice

production is due to seasonal conditions that are less

supportive for rice farming. the prolonged rainy

season makes rice growth less than optimal.

Additionally, continuous rainfall has resulted in the

explosion of pest populations, as most rice pests tend

to thrive in humid places. The eradication of rice pests

in Manik Rambung Sub-district is difficult to do with

maximum, because most farmers do not understand

the types of pests that attack their rice crops. All types

of pests in paddy fields are considered the same so that

farmers only use one type of pesticide for various

types of pests. If spraying is done once perceived as

unsuccessful the farmers do the spraying a second

time, so do so of course with a higher dose. Farmers

in Percut, Manik Rambung and Dairi districts do not

understand if spraying pesticides repeatedly with

higher doses does not make pests die but instead make

resistance to pests, so the existence of pests more

difficult to eradicate. Pests that attack rice plants there

are various kinds of animal phyla, and some are not

yet known to the taxonomy. According to the expert

findings most of the pests that attack rice plants can be

described as follows. Based on the part of rice plants

attacked, rice pests are divided into: 1. Destroyer pests

nursery: rats, caterpillars, flies, seeds. 2. Root pest:

nematodes, soil dogs, uret (Coleoptera larvae), root

lice. 3. Stem destructive pests: mice, stem borer, and

pest. 4. Leaf-eating pests: leafminer, beetle,

grasshopper, caterpillar, and caterpillar. 5. Leaf-

sucking pests: thrips, ladybirds, peppermint, brown

planthopper and green leafhoppers. 6. Destructive

pest: Nilaparvata lugens, ladybugs, caterpillars, rats,

and birds Nur Tjahjadi, 2007: 64).

388

Siregar, A.

The Growth Production Paddy and Tilapia sp with Legowo Row Planting System Support of Security Food and Maritime in Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0010043503880395

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology (ICEST 2018), pages 388-395

ISBN: 978-989-758-496-1

In addition to the physical condition of rice fields

are separated, soil conditions, water availability, and

height of different places make different types of

pests in each region also varied rice fields. But the

farmers do not understand it. In addition, the rapid

increase of the population can lead to further

narrowing of land area that can be used for various

fields of agriculture and fishery. Due to the

increasingly limited production area, there is a need

to find alternative methods of processing to increase

rice and fish production as staple food. Indonesia has

pioneered efforts to increase rice production since

Pelita I to date. The results are quite encouraging with

the achievement of rice self-sufficiency in 1984

(Suryadiputra et.al., 2005), one of the optimization of

potential irrigated rice fields and increasing farmers'

income is to engineer the land using appropriate

technology. The way that can be done is to change the

monoculture system to agricultural diversification

system, through fish farming cultivation.

With the maintenance of fish in the rice fields, in

addition to improving soil fertility and water, can also

reduce pests of disease in rice plants Various

obstacles encountered in creating and maintaining

national food security is the decline in growth rate and

productivity, diversion of agricultural land to non- ,

and the utilization of land that has not been optimal.

One way that can be done is with Integrated Fish

Farming System is a combination of agriculture and

fisheries, such as fifth farming business system which

is a change of agricultural system monoculture

towards agricultural diversification. The fish farming

model is quite efficient and effective to be applied to

irrigated rice fields with water availability during rice

and fish growth. Even the development model of PTT

both SRI (System of Rice Intensification) and organic

farming directed is very possible to be recommended

to the farmers community (Hardaningsih & Kastono

2008 Darini., 2011).

In fish farming system, in addition to the regular

planting system, Legowo row. The existence of fish

in the fish farming system allegedly affected the

growth and production of rice (Kurniasih et al., 2003).

The results of field tests show that farmers 'profits

increase by incorporating fish into the production

system, by knowing optimum fish populations per

area of land is expected growth and rice production is

not disturbed and farmers' income will be improved

both from rice and fish.

According to Syamsuddin (2014), in the

aquaculture activities, efforts to optimize the

sustainable use of land productivity are pursued

through means of land management and the

application of good cultivation technology, known as

the way of good fish cultivation (WGFC). While the

management of the external environment includes the

arrangement of the external environment related to

irrigation improvement, as well as optimization of

aquaculture and fishing technology. The average fish

yield on fish farming at the farm level is still low, ie

around 50 kg/ha. This is caused by the inappropriate

selection of fish species and the high price of fish

seeds (Sasa & Syahroni, 2006). The farmers do not

have guidance on adaptive fish species for fish

farming. In response, in an effort to increase the value

of wetland and increase production of farmers, then

one alternative that can be done is to implement fish

farming, namely the maintenance of fish in the field

along with rice planting.

The aim of this study to analyze how much

influence the use of various systems planting row

Legowo row growth and production of rice plants, to

analyze the amount of fish population density in an

optimal Legowo row planting system on the

production of Tilapia sp sp, to analyze the interaction

between the use of various Legowo row planting

systems and the amount of fish population density on

rice production and production of Tilapia sp sp.

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1 Materials and Research Tools

The materials used in this research are: rice seeds of

Ciherang varieties, organic fertilizer cow shed,

Tilapia sp seeds, lemongrass, tobacco, detergent,

papaya leaf, soursop leaf, brown sugar, garlic, and

water as material for the manufacture organic

pesticides. The tool used in this research are: Hand

Tractor, hoe, bucket, scales, ruler, sickle, rapiah rope,

plywood, hoses, tarpaulins, plastic folders, labels,

gauges, bamboo sticks, safety net, paper, camera and

stationery write. Type of Research This research uses

experimental method conducted in the field which is

arranged in the form of experiment using randomized

block design (RBD) factorial pattern with 2 factors,

namely: The first factor of treatment system of

Legowo row system consists of 4 levels, namely: L0

(Tandur row), L1 = (Legowo row 2:1), L2 = (Legowo

row 3:1), L3 = (Legowo row 4:1). And the second

factor is the population density of the Tilapia sp that

is used consist of 4 levels ie: i0 = (without fish) i1 =

(1 fish/m

), i2 = (2fish/m

), and i3 = (3 seeds fish/m²).

It is based on solid stocking of fish according to

Nugraha (2009). Namely: 2-3 cm size as much as 2-3

tail / m² and size 3-5 cm as much as 1-2 tail / m². The

combination of treatments were: L0i0, L1i0, L2i0,

The Growth Production Paddy and Tilapia sp with Legowo Row Planting System Support of Security Food and Maritime in Indonesia

389

L3i0, L0i1, L1i1, L2i1, L3i1, L0i2, L1i2, L2i2, L3i2,

L0i3, L1i3, L2i3, L3i3 and repeated 3 times.

2.2 Research Sites

This research was conducted in Mnaik Rambung

Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency, Sumatera Utara

Province on irrigated wetland. The study was

conducted from April 2017 to July 2017. Data

Analysis The collected data were analyzed using

rantau analysis, with the following mathematical

equations: Y ijk = μ + α i + β j + (αβ) ij + к k + ε ijk

Where: Y ijk = Result of observation for factor A to

level i, factor B jth stage in group k μ = common

middle value α i = influence of factor A at the i-th

stage β j = influence of factor B on the j-th stage (αβ)

ij = the interaction effect of AB on the level i (of

factor A), and the level of Gen (from factor B). k k =

the influence of the k ijk group = random effect

(experimental error) at the i-th stage (factor A), the jth

stage (factor B), the interaction of the i to the j and the

j The observed data is tabulated, then analyzed the

scales. If the analysis of variance there is a significant

effect on significant at level 5% among the tested

treatment, then tested continued by using the smallest

real difference test (BNT). The real level used is ά =

0.05. Research Variables and Data Collection The

parameters observed in this study include: Plant

height (cm), measured at plant age 20, 40, and 60 Day

After Plantation (DAP), Number of productive tillers

(stem), Length of panicle (cm), g), Weight 1000

grains (g), Weight of paddy grain (kg), Rice

production (ton ha ha), Graduation rate of live

Tilapia sp (%), Fish weight / tail (g), fish weight / plot

taken at fish harvested in paddy field with Wt - Wo

indicator, water quality analysis, (dissolved oxygen),

and protein analysis (%). Data collection was

obtained from observation and measurement directly

in the field by measuring all research variables, the

result of data from measurement in tabulation then

analyzed its diversity.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Composition of Insects in Fish

Farming Sites

From the research in the fish farming has been done

obtained the highest number of individuals insects

caught used yellow trap are 1011 individuals,

followed by sweep net (700 individuals) and the

lower used the core sampler (117 individuals). These

results can be seen in Table 1.

Table1. Biodiversity insects used three traps in fish farming

sites

Fish-Farming Sites Traps Total

Ordo/famili/genus(spesies) S

Orthoptera/Tettigoniidae/Antra

comorphacrenulata

2 0 0 2

Orthoptera/Acrididae/Valanga

nigricornis

5 2 0 7

Araniae/Tetragnatidae/Tetragn

atha sp

4 2 0 6

Araniae/Tomisidae/Thomisius

0 0 14

Araniae/Lycosidae/Lycosa sp 1

1 0 17

Lepidoptera/Pyralidae/Cnaphac

losis medinalis

0 134

Lepidoptera/

Hesperiidae/Hesperia sp

0 150

Lepidoptera/Crambidae/Scirco

haga incertulas

1 1 0 2

Lepidoptera/Pyralidae/Scircoph

aga sp

3 0 0 3

Lepidoptera/Noctuidae/Naraen

1 1 0 2

Lepidoptera/Pyralidae/Nympula

defuncalis

0 7 0 7

Odonata/Coenegrionidae/A.fem

ina

0 15 94

Odonata/Coenegrionidae/A.pyg

mae

0 0 48

Odonata/Coenegrionidae/Pseud

agrion

0 14 45

Odonata/Coenegrionidae/A.rub

escens

0 0 12

Odonata/Libelluidae/Orthetrum

abina

0 0 10 10

Odonata/Coenegrionidae/Ceria

rion

8 0 4 12

Diptera/Muscidae/Atherigona

oryzae

0 35

Orthoptera/Acrididae/Melanopl

us sanguinipes

38 178

Diptera/ Sciaridae 6

12 140

Diptera/ Chironomidae 8 5 14 27

Diptera/ Cecidomyiidae 4 2

0 31

Diptera/ Tachinidae 5 3 0 8

Diptera/Tipulidae 2 1

0 16

Diptera/Ephryidae 1 5 0 6

Diptera/Sarcophagidae/Sarcoph

aga sp

0 4 0 4

Diptera/Pipunculidae/Tomosvar

ella subvirescens

0 2

0 20

Hyemenoptera/Ichneumonidae/

Temelucha sp

9 7 0 16

Hyemenoptera/Ichneumonidae/

Amauromorpha accepta

0 7

0 74

Hyemenoptera/Ichneumonidae/

Xanthopimpla sp

2 0 0 2

Hymenoptera/Braconidae/Card

iochiles philippinensis

0 1 0 1

Hymenoptera/Formicidae/Cam

onotus consobrinus

0 2 0 2

Hymenoptera/Spechidae/Scliph

ron sp

0 1 0 1

Hymenoptera/Elasmidae/Elasm

us sp

0 2

0 28

Hymenoptera/Pteromalidae/Pa

nstenon sp

0 7 0 7

Hymenoptera/Pteromalidae/Tel

enemus sp

0 9 0 9

Hymenoptera/Apididae/Aphis

0 2 0 2

Coleoptera/

Coccinilidae

Verania lineata

0 34

Coleoptera/

Coccinilidae

Chilocoru

1 0 0 1

Coleoptera/

Carabidae/Ophioneani

nigrofasciata

9 2 0 11

Coleoptera/Staphylinidae/Paed

orus fuscipes

6 2 0 8

Coleoptera/Tenebrionidae/Tene

brio sp

3 5 0 8

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Coleoptera/Salpingidae/Lissode

ma sp

0 2 0 2

Hemiptera/Miridae/Cyrthorinus

0 44

Hemiptera/Alydidae/Leptocoris

a acuta

124 86 0

Hemiptera/Pentatomidae/S.coa

rctata

0 1 0 1

Hemiptera/Gerridae/Limnogon

us fossarum

0 2 10 12

Homoptera/Pentatomidae/Nezara viridula 48

201

Homoptera/Cicadellidae/Nephotettix spp 9

Homoptera/Delphacidae/Nilaparvata sp 14

Homoptera/Delphacidae/Sogatella sp 12

T Total 700

1011

Note: SN = Sweep Net; YT = Yellow Trap; CS = Core Sampler

These results show a combination of the number

of constituent species on fish farming with the

diversity of rice has not shown any uneven

distribution of insect populations. So is the sites did

not control all kinds of insects can be found

distribution on the same sites. So the level of

evenness in the insect population will affect the

diversity of insects in the rice field. According to

Kreb (1978) and Siregar (2014, 2015) reinforces the

claimed that species diversity index depends on the

species richness and evenness.

In the fish farming sites dominated by Nezara

viridula, and Leptocorica acuta. This is supported

(Siregar, 2015) which states that the value of the

largest equity index is 1 (maximum evenness index).

It is claimed that the desert habitat types/bush no

insect species dominate (Susnihati, et al., 2005).

Sogatella coarctata, Scircophaga incertulas,

Naraenae, Cardiochiles philippinensis, Scliphron sp,

Aphis sp, and Chilochorus sp are less individuals

recorded.

From table 1 recorded that many insects caught

with Sweep Net (SN), namely the Order of

Hemiptera, Family Alydidae, Genus Leptocorisa

acuta sp by 124 individuals. This insect is a type of

typically found during the flowering stage of the rice

crop, which coincides with rainfall and high humidity

at the beginning of the wet season. These insects were

caught in a trap net sweep for spiders used to make

nests in leaves of rice plants, so that when sampling

is very easy to get these insects (Roja, 2009).

From the Yellow Trap (YT), which caught many

insect of the Order Hemiptera, Family Pentatomidae,

Nezara viridula (201 individuals). This is due to

insect larvae will grow into imago spread to the land

and at the moment of capture insects, the life cycle of

the imago phase that many caught. In addition, insects

are more attracted to yellow light waves reflected

from the trap so that the insects approaching the traps

yellow yolk that has been unsealed. This is supported

by research Fournately (2006), Siregar (2015) which

states the type of trap yellow (yellow traps) favoured

by many imago insects, especially insects of the order

Hemiptera types of the coffee plant in lowland and

upland rice field of North of Sumatra.

At the Core Sampler (CS), an insect that most

captured from the Order Orthoptera, Family

Acrididae, Melanoplus sanguinipes (38 individuals)

are diverse than other insects in Manik Rambung.

3.2 Plant Height, Number of

Productive Tillers and Cultivated

Weights

The analysis results showed that the treatment system

of Legowo row planting and population density of

Tilapia sp sp did not give effect to plant height at age

20, and 40 DAP. However, the plant height is 60

DAP, the number of productive tillers and the weight

of the panicle stock give a real effect to the system of

planting Legowo row. Test BNT test Show that the

average height of 60 DAP age of the highest yields

found in treatment L1 (Legowo row 2:1) of (94.36)

and significantly different from the treatment of L0,

and L3. However, it was not significantly different

from L2 treatment (Legowo row 3:1). The average

number of best productive tillers was found in the L3

treatment of Legowo row 4:1 (16.82) and the lowest

yield on the L0 tandur row alignment treatment

(14.47). The result of BNT test showed that the

treatment of L3 (Legowo row 4:1) was significantly

different from the treatment of L0, (tandur row) L2,

(Legowo row 3: 1) and did not differ significantly on

L1 treatment (Legowo row 2:1). The average weight

of the pyterhole (g) of the highest yield was in

treatment (L1) Legowo row 2:1 and the lowest yield

was in treatment (L2) Legowo row 3:1 and the BNT

test showed that the 2:1 Legowo row planting system

gave the best result (1.89), and differed significantly

from the tandur jajar (1.47) treatment, Legowo row

3:1 (1.40) and Legowo row 4:1 (1.23). Further test

results of BNT can be seen in table 2.

Table 2. Mean plant height 60 HST (cm), number of

productive tiller (panicle) and weight of panicle (Kg) at end

of study

Legowo row

(L)

Plant Height

(60 DAP)

Number of

productive

tillers

Heavy panicle

grown

L0 85.20c 14.47b 1.47a

L1 94.36a 16.42a 1.89a

L2 84.29a 15.34b 1.40b

L3 89.11b 16.82a 1.23b

Description: The numbers followed by the letters that are not the

same meaning are significantly different at the 5%

real level based on the BNT test

The Growth Production Paddy and Tilapia sp with Legowo Row Planting System Support of Security Food and Maritime in Indonesia

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Table 1 described the results of this study indicate

that the average growth and production of rice crops

in various systems of planting Legowo row and

population density of Tilapia sp in general can be

described that the results of analysis of variance in

this study showed that Legowo row planting system

gives a real effect on growth parameters (high plant

age of 60 DAP, Number of productive tillers, weight

of poultry stock, weight of grain of breeding (kg) and

rice production of ton/ha ˉ¹, whereas in the parameters

of plant height age 20, 40 DAP, panicle length, and

weight of 1000 grain did not show real effect of

Legowo row cropping system and population density

of Tilapia sp The plant height of 60 DAP in this study

showed that the

nd Legowo row system is the best

when compared with other treatment because it has a

wide range of Legowo row 2:1 and more plant

populations so that the nutrients contained in the soil

can be absorbed by plants evenly.

3.3 Average Weight Analysis of the

Weight of the Pepper (g), and the

Production of Rice (Ton haˉ¹)

The result of the average weight analysis of the

weight of the pepper (g), and the production of rice

(ton haˉ¹) shows that the Legowo row planting system

and the density of the fish population have a

significant effect on the weight of the per plot and the

number of fish populations gives a significant effect

on the weight of the per plot and the population of

fish, but does not provide interaction between

Legowo row planting system and fish population

density. The average BNT test result of the weight of

the printed grain (kg) showed that the L1 treatment of

Legowo row 2:1 (3.85 kg) was significantly different

from the treatment of L0 (Tandur row) and L2

(Legowo row 3:1), but not significantly different

from the L3 Legowo row 4:1 for (3.63 kg). While the

treatment of fish population of 36 head/plot (3.70)

was significantly different from treatment (without

fish), (12 heads/plot), but not different with the

treatment of fish population of 24 head/plot (3.67).

The average yield of rice (ton haˉ¹) based on the

BNT test showed that treatment (L1) Legowo row 2:1

gave the highest yield compared to other treatments

with average rice production (3.24 ton/ha), and not

significantly different from the treatment (L3)

Legowo 4:1 (2.84 tons/ha) but significantly different

from the treatment (L0) Tandur row (2.49 tons/ha)

and (L2) Legowo row 3:1 (2.68 tons haˉ¹). While the

highest fish population treatment was found in

treatment (i3) density of 30000 fish/haˉ¹ of (2.87 tons

haˉ¹) significantly different from treatment (i0)

without fish and (i1) fish density of 10000 head/haˉ¹.

But not significantly different with treatment (i2) fish

density of 20000 haˉ¹ of (2.92 tons/ haˉ¹). BNT

advanced test results can be seen in table 3.

Table 3. Average weight of grain of breeding (kg), and

Production of rice (ton haˉ¹) in the Legowo cropping

system and population density of Tilapia sp at the end of the

study

Legowo

row (L)

the

weight

of the

plot

(kg)

Rice

productio

n (ton

haˉ¹)

Fish

Populati

on (I)

Weight

of grain

/plot

(Kg)

Rice

produ

ction

(ton

haˉ¹)

L0 2.96

2.49 b i 0 2.90 b 2.42 b

L1 3.85a 3.24 a i1 3.30 b 2.75 b

L2 3.14b 2.68 b i2 3.67 a 2.92 a

L3 3.63a 2.84 a i3 3.70 a 2.87 a

The results of previous research were proposed by

Yosida, 1981 in Aribawa (2012), which gained higher

plant height produced in more plant populations in

one stretch. High plant growth has not yet ensured

high crop productivity. Well grown plants can absorb

nutrients in quantities, the availability of nutrients in

the soil affect the activity of plants including

photosynthesis activities, so that the crop can increase

growth and production. Treatment of Legowo row

planting system gives a real effect on rice production

/plot. This can be seen from each treatment showing

the real difference. Applications of various Legowo

row cropping systems affect production directly. This

process can occur because there are many other

environmental factors that influence the growth and

development of plants such as rainfall, pests that

attack, dead or not productive puppies.

Yuhelmi (2002), the most important factor

affecting the production yield is the tillers and the

number of panicles that are formed. The results of

Nadira et al (2012) showed that the increasing

number of unhulled grains and the decrease of the

number of unhulled grains influenced the increase of

harvest index value. This is thought to be due to the

addition of organic matter to certain doses causing the

creation of an ideal growing environment for the

development of rice plants so that physiological

processes can take place. The availability of nutrients

in rooting media which are then transported into the

body of the plant will still ensure the on going process

of photosynthesis to form assimilates which will

eventually be translocate to the grain part, the more

assimilates transferred to the seed will further

increase the yield of dried grain.

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3.4 Level of Survival Fish, Fish Weight

Fish and Fish Weight Fishing

Results of analysis of variance of fish survival rate

(%), fish/tail (g) weight and fish/plot weight (g). The

result of BNT test showed that fish population of 12

head/ plot (i1) gave the highest yield (68.47%) and

was significantly different with the fish

population/fish weight. treatment i3 fish population

36 head/plot (49.11%) treatment i2 fish population 24

head/plot of (57.82%).The average weight of Tilapia

sp fish shows that 12 fish/ compared with other

treatments (18.99 g) and significantly different from

the treatment of fish population of 36 heads/plots (i3)

of 15.48g. However, it was not significantly different

with the fish population treatment of 24 head/plots

(18.57 g). The weight of fish/plot (g) shows that the

treatment of fish population of 24 animals/plot gave

the highest yield (252.75 g) and was significantly

different from the 12 fish/pet fish population (145.23

g), but not significantly different to the treatment of

fish population of 36 head/plot (241.37 g). Further

test results of BNT can be seen in table 4.

Table 4. Average survival rate of fish (%), fish / tail (g)

weight and fish weight / plot (g) legowo cropping system

and end-fish population density.

Mean of fish

(i)

Fish Survival

Rate (%)

Fish Weight

Per Tail (g)

Fish Weight Per

Parcel (g)

i0 0.00 0.00 0.00

i1 68.47a 18.99a 145.23b

i2 57.82

18.57a 252.75a

i3 49.11

15.48

241.37a

Yudafris et al (1994) in Dewani et al (2014),

stated that too close spacing will inhibit plant growth,

but if it is too tenuous it will also reduce the number

of crops per unit area so that production is lower and

besides that the chances for weed growth are greater.

Where the planting system of Legowo row 2:1 makes

almost all the rows of plants are edge beds or get side

effects, plants that get side effects (border effect), the

production is higher than those who do not get side

effects. The mean of fish survival based on the result

of the analysis of variance gave a significant effect on

fish survival (%), and fish weight/ tail from BNT test

showed that the treatment (i1) of fish density of 12

heads/plot yielded higher percentage of fish (68.47%)

when compared with treatment (i0, and i3). But not

significantly different with treatment (i2) density of

fish 24 tail / plot of (57.82%). This is caused by the

higher fish density the greater the fish population on

maintenance media, the greater the competition of

oxygen and food among individual fish, so the higher

the mortality rate of the fish. This is supported by a

lower concentration of dissolved oxygen at high

density, the oxygen required in the fish breathing

process for fish metabolism requires approximately

oxygen concentration (2-4 mg/L). At a high density

level of 36 heads/plot the concentration of dissolved

oxygen is lower than the requirement if only (1.17

mg/L), whereas in the low dispersion concentration

the dissolved oxygen concentration satisfies that

requirement (2.43 mg/L).

This is supported by the opinion of Mintarjo

(1984) referred to by Hasanudin (2001). That states

that the amount of oxygen content that needs to be

considered to ensure a good fish life is not less than 3

ppm. While the results of research Karlyssa et al

(2013), showed that the content of dissolved oxygen

on the media maintenance of nipkins agile fish during

maintenance is still relatively low for optimal growth

of fish. The range of oxygen dissolved during

maintenance in this study ranged from 3.2 to 4.9 mg/L

was produced by a density of 2 and 4 heads/L. In the

density of 6 Ls/L there was a decrease of oxygen

content reaching 2.8 mg/L Increased density of fish

stocking along with increased oxygen consumption

causes decrease in oxygen solubility in maintenance

media. Low levels of dissolved oxygen during

maintenance lead to fish stress and slow growth of

fish.

However, the stress experienced by fish during the

maintenance period does not lead to decreased fish

appetite. The average weight of fish make in the plot

in this study can be described that the density of fish

populations have a real effect on the weight of fish in

the plot. The result of research showed that the

treatment of population density of fish (plot) of the

highest yield of 24 fish/plot (252.75 g) was not

significantly different with the treatment of 36

heads/plots (241.37 g). But it was significantly

different with the 12 tail/plot treatments (145.37 g).

This is due to the dense distribution of fish

directly related to the competition of feed produced

from rice crops so that with the density of fish

stocking more fish growth decreases, compared with

the lower density of the spread. For the maintenance

period of the fish at the site of the study occurred in

fish deaths that reduced the number of fish stocked,

this is caused by predators of predators such as

cranes, lizards, and mammals that enter into the

location of the experiment.

3.5 Analysis of R/C and B/C Ratio

Analysis of farming system fish farming system for

farmers needs to be done to find out how much added

value that can be obtained from the business, the

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economic analysis as part to know whether the system

is feasible or not developed and to know fish farming

systems provide benefits or not. So below is described

in a simple analysis of farming system fish farming

system applied with a single attempt in one growing

season.

The analysis of fish farming system shows that the

total cost incurred in one planting season is

Rp.8.725.000 and the total revenue obtained is

Rp.17.425.500, so that the profit from fish farming

system is Rp.8.700.500. Thus the fish farming system

is worth developing because the value of R/C ratio

2.06 which means farming has been efficient because

the R/C ratio is more than one, so the value of B/C

ratio is more than one that is 1.08. The net profit

earned after deducting the total cost is Rp.8.700.500

The opinion of Syamsuddin (2014), that the

cultivation environment becomes the trigger factor of

the coming (entry) of predators in and around the

cultivation environment that will prey on fish in the

public waters. Predators can be predatory fish, birds,

reptile animals such as monitor lizards, and mammals

that enter the cultivation environment. The attack of

birds, reptiles, and mammals can consume fish in

large quantities. The results showed that between

Legowo row cultivation system and fish population

density based on analysis of variance did not give real

interaction to plant height variable 20,40 and 60 DAP,

number of productive tiller, panicle length, cubic

weights, weight of 1000 grain, , fish survival rate, fish

weight per tail, and fish weight of fish. This occurs

where during the fish maintenance period at the

experimental site there is death on the fish, thus

breaking the phase produced from the fish as nutrient

elements for rice plants, so the absorption process

nutrients by rice plants do not run optimally.

According to Soepardi (1985) in Supriyanto et al

(2008), states that increased nutrient uptake by plants

causes the metabolism process to run smoothly,

increasing the production of carbohydrates and

starches transculted throughout the plant for growth

and the rest accumulated on the plant tissue.

Therefore, more and more carbohydrates and starches

are accumulated in plant tissues will affect the growth

and production of plants. The growth of fish on tile

planting system 25 x 25 cm with dense clumps make

the movement of fish is not free, lighting and oxygen

concentration into the water becomes less because the

growth of fish is influenced by internal and external

factors. Internal factors are: body weight, sex, age,

fertility, health, movement, acclimation, biomass

activity, and oxygen consumption. While external

factors consist of abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic

factors consist of pressure, temperature, salinity,

water oxygen concentration, discharge of metabolite,

ph, light of season. Nutritional factors include biotic

factors including feed availability, feed intake, feed

digestibility, and feeding competition.

4 CONCLUSIONS AND

SUGGESTIONS

Based on the result and discussion from this research,

it can be concluded that Legowo row 2:1 planting

system gives a real effect to the growth parameters of

plant height 60 DAP (94.36 cm) weight of panicle

density (1.89 grams), the weight of the grain (3.85

kg), the production rice (ton ha ha) (3.24 ton ha ha).

While the system of planting row Legowo row 4:1

gives a real effect on the number of productive tillers

(16.82 panicles). While the density of fish population

of 24 tilapia/plot gives a real effect on the weight of

fish/plot of (242.25 g). And the survival rate of fish,

and the weight of fish/tail is produced by solid

stocking of 12 tail/plot (65.27%), fish weight/tail

(18.79 g). Legowo row planting system and

population density of tilapia do not give real

interaction to Legowo row planting system and

population density of indigo fish. Fish farming

system is one of alternative of farming development

in paddy field, so it is suggested to farmers, especially

farmers with narrow land, minapadi system supported

by the use of organic fertilizer as recommended.

Further research is needed on Legowo row planting

system at different planting distance with fish

population density of fish farming system, on growth

and production of rice and fish.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author is thankful to Ministry of Research and

Technology, Directorate of Higher Education

Republic of Indonesia for funding in Research Grant

in 2017, Universitas Sumatera Utara and society of

farmers in Manik Rambung to provide needed

facilities.

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