Increasing Availability and Water Quality in Kampung Nelayan

Seberang Belawan, Medan City

I. Suryati

, N. Herlina

, M. Nasri Akbar

, R. Prayudhi Utama

, N. Latifah

and A. Muhammad Iman

Environmental Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl Almamater, Medan 20155, Indonesia

Keywords: availability, fishing villages, quantity, SDGs, water.

Abstract: The dominant coastal areas inhabited by the fishing villages are identical to slums. Slums can be seen from

scattered rubbish, toilet from latrines, and the lacking of clean water quality and quantity. Problems relating

to environmental sanitation in Kampung Nelayan Seberang Belawan are mainly caused by uneven

distribution of clean water and the quality of clean water that is physically cloudy and has a taste. Clean

water is needed in meeting the daily needs of fishing communities to drink, wash and bathe. The limited

resources and distribution of clean water in which the community of fishing villages has to take a long way

to get clean water and have to pay to get the clean water. The source of water which can be utilized in the

form of deep wells with a depth of ± 50 m - 80 m. The well is equipped with a suction pump. Meanwhile, to

improve the quality of water, was used simple a water filter tool in the form of slow sand filter with filter

media such as zeolite, silica sand, gravel and activated carbon. This slow sand filter media effectively

reduces Fe and Mn levels in clean water sources, especially ground water ranges from 33% - 96%.

1 INTRODUCTION

One of the goals of Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs) is to ensure the availability, management of

clean water, and sustainable sanitation for all. In

achieving these objectives, the government sets

targets for 2019 outcome indicators such as 100%

access to drinking water services, 0% proportion of

inhabited households and inadequate slum

settlements in urban areas, as well as 100%

achievement of accessible sanitation services also

with the 100-0-100 program (Kementerian Pekerjaan

Umum, 2014).

Fulfilling the need for clean water is one of the

basic rights for every individual. The 1945

Constitution has mandated that every citizen of

Indonesia has the right to have a decent life. Water

as one of the fundamental human needs, not only in

terms of availability but also quality, accessibility

and affordability economically (Komisi Nasional

Hak Asasi Manusia, 2017).

Based on the global targets of sanitation and

clean water by 2030, is to achieve universal and

equitable access to safe and affordable drinking

water for all. Meanwhile, the national target is to

increase access to drinking water services, proper

sanitation, and sustainable. The national indicator to

achieve the target is the realization of 100% of

drinking water services, with 85% of the population

served by access to water in line with the 4K

principle (affordability, continuity, quality and

quantity) and the other 15% will be served in

accordance with basic service needs; (Baseline

2014: 70%, 2019 target: 100%) and access to

potable water (Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia,

2017;Badan Pusat Statisik, 2014).

Area with sanitary and clean water conditions

which is quite alarming in Indonesia is a coastal area

occupied by fishermen. Fishermen are a group of

people whose lives depend directly on seafood,

either by capture or cultivation. They generally live

on the beach, a neighborhood close to the location of

their activities (Mulyadi, 2007).

Geographically, the fishing community lives,

grows and develops in coastal areas, ie a transition

zone between land and sea (Kusnadi, 2009). The

potential of Indonesia's vast marine and fishery

resources can be considered to be the largest in the

world, very contradictory to the current reality

where 98.7% of Indonesian fishermen belong to the

category of small fishermen group and 25.14% of

Indonesia's poor communities are fishermen

(Surono, 2016).

Suryati, I., Herlina, N., Akbar, M., Latifah, N., Utama, R. and Iman, A.

Increasing Availability and Water Quality in Kampung Nelayan Seberang Belawan, Medan City.

DOI: 10.5220/0010067201570162

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

157-162

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

157

The existence of the fishing village is close to the

poverty stigma. Viewed from the scope, the poverty

of fishermen consists of infrastructure and family

poverty. Infrastructure poverty can be indicated in

the inavailability of physical infrastructure in fishing

villages, which are generally very limited, such as

the absence of clean water, away from the market,

and lack of access to fuel at a standard price. Indirect

poverty of infrastructure also contributes to the

emergence of family poverty, infrastructure poverty

can also cause families in the near poor to decline

into poor families (Mulyadi, 2007).

One of the fishing village in Medan City is

Kampung Nelayan Seberang in Medan Belawan

Sub-district. Kampung Nelayan Seberang is located

on the outskirts of the river and sea. This condition

affects the water used by the community for daily

activities and water for consumption. Because the

quality of brackish water is not feasible for

consumption then the fulfillment of clean water

needs in Kampung Nelayan Seberang is to make

wells drilled either for private property or the

government whose water is used for consumption as

drinking water and for cooking. In addition, water

wells are also used by residents for MCK activities

(bathing, washing, and serving as a lavatory). The

condition of the clean water availability in Kampung

Nelayan Seberang can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Conditions of water supply in Kampung Nelayan

Seberang Belawan.

In Figure 1, there is a pump that people use to

supply clean water to houses. As for, the water

quality is physically quite good, but there are some

community wells whose water quality is poor as

cloudy and has a taste.

Based on a preliminary survey at Kampung

Nelayan Lingkungan XII, Belawan I Urban Village

Medan and Dusun XIV Paluh Kurau Village,

Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency,

it can be seen the limited water-related infrastructure

such as in Figure 2.

In Figure 2, there are 2 (two) water reservoirs to

hold clean water from wellbore. The condition of

one of the water reservoirs has been damaged and

cannot be longer utilized, while one holder of water

reservoir is not utilized optimally. There were also

some complaints from local residents related to the

continuity of water. Water obtained by communities

around Kampung Nelayan Seberang has not been

evenly distributed. Drill wells are only owned by

certain groups who are quite well-established

economically. Meanwhile, for people who do not

have a drilled well, they are charged a certain rate if

they connect the water source with pipes to their

homes. In addition, there is only 1 (one) refill depot

to meet the availability of drinking water for ± 500

households.

In addition to the problems of affordability and

continuity, some of the physical water quality of the

borehole in Kampung Nelayan Seberang is cloudy

and has sweet taste. In line with the target of SDGs,

it is necessary to improve the quantity and quality of

clean water service in Kampung Nelayan Seberang,

Medan Belawan Subdistrict. One of the programs

which can improve the clean water service in

Kampung Nelayan Seberang is through community

service program by University of Sumatera Utara.

Figure 2: Damaged water reservoir condition and unused

reservoir holder

2 IMPLEMENTATION METHOD

The implementation of community service starts

from the initial survey and identifying problems in

partner villages. To overcome the shortage of clean

water supply, the location of drilling well was

chosen. The location taken is near the residents’

houses which do not have a drilled well. Meanwhile,

for residents who already have drilled well but water

quality is not good then it was designed a simple

water purifier with slow sand filter method.

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The implementation method is starting from the

determination of the location of the activity,

identification of partner problems, the drilling well

stage, the design stage of a simple water purifier, the

socialization stage of simple water purifier and

preparation of reports.

2.1 Location

The location of community service activity of Mono

Year scheme (Junior Lecturer) is at Kampung

Nelayan Lingkungan XII, Kelurahan Belawan I,

Medan City and Dusun XIV of Paluh Kurau Village,

Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency.

2.2 Stage of Activity

The activity begins with a literature study on

solutions to solve the problems of continuity,

availability, and quality of water in the region of the

coast. Afterward, surveying the location of

community service, identifying partner problems,

analyzing the situation and conditions, determining

solutions to solve partner problems, determining the

location of drilling wells, determine simple

technology in order to purify well water drilling,

preparing reports and publications. A flowchart of

stage of activity of increasing availability and

quality of clean water in Kampung Nelayan

Seberang can be seen in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Flow chart of activities to increase the

availability and quality of clean water in Kampung

Nelayan Seberang

2.3 Drilling Deep Well Method

Drill wells are usually drilled by professional driller

with experience and adequate equipment to obtain

ground water more depth than other wells. Various

well drilling methods have been developed

according to geological conditions ranging from

hard rock such as granite and dolomite to fully

consolidated sediments such as alluvial sand and

gravel. Certain drilling methods may be more

dominant in certain areas as they are most effective

in penetrating local aquifers, which can save costs

(Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan

Rakyat, 2015).

The well construction usually consists of four or

five steps of work, namely: (a) drilling, (b)

installation of casing pipe and screen pipe, (c)

placement of filter packs or filters; (d) casting

grouting to provide contamination protection; e)

well testing to ensure water is free of sand and

maximum result (Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan

Perumahan Rakyat, 2015).

The tools and materials used in the manufacture

of deep wells are: (a) PVC pipe (length 4 m) of 16

pieces, (b) glue pipe as many as 1 bottle, (c) pipe

accessories in the form of shock as many as 10

pieces, (d) coating or casing (length 4 m) of 3

pieces, (e) pumps of 1 unit, (f) drill pipe for 1 unit,

(g) 1 freon / gas tube, (h) cement by ½ bag and (i) )

sand as many as 3 buckets.

The process of making a wellbore was starting

from (a) determining the location / point of drilling

of the borehole; (b) drilling and drilling wells depth

≥ 50 meters; (d) installing a water pumping machine,

LPG freon / gas and suction pipe installation at the

wellbore, (e) performing groundwater pumping tests

(Rahmansah, 2017). The drilling well was done for 3

(three) days.

2.4 Simple Water Purification Method

In order to improve the quality of clean water in

Kampung Nelayan Seberang, it was needed to

design a simple water purifier. One of the simplest

alternative technologies that can be applied is a slow

sand filter.

The slow sand filter system is a very simple

water treatment technology with good quality clean

water. Slide sand filter system has advantages

Increasing Availability and Water Quality in Kampung Nelayan Seberang Belawan, Medan City

159

including it does not require any chemical

substances (coagulant) (Idaman, 1999).

The filtration process in slow sand filters is done

physically and biologically. Physically, particles

present in a cloudy or dirty water source will be

retained by the sand layer present in the filter.

Biologically, the sieve will form a layer of bacteria.

The bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and

Trichoderma will grow and multiply to form a

special coating. During the filtration process with

slow water discharge (100-200 liters / hour / m2 of

filter surface area), the pathogen retained by the

sieve will be destroyed by the bacteria (Satrio,

2018). The scheme of a simple water purifier with

slow sand filter can be seen in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Water Purification Scheme With Slow Sand

Filter (Satrio, 2018 modified)

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The geographical condition of Kampung Nelayan

Seberang which is a coastal, in which the needs of

the water is constrained by the quantity and quality

of clean water. To obtain clean water with good

quality, it needs to be drilled deep well with depth ≥

50 m. Based on the observation, the availability of

clean water in Kampung Nelayan Seberang has not

been fulfilled 100%. Complaints from some

residents who do not have a drilled well is the cost

they must spend in buying water to residents who

have a large drill well. Therefore, in the program of

community service was given the help of making 1

(one) borehole that can serve for ± 10 households.

The initial stage of drilling this well is drilling by

drilling machine to find the raw water source of

clean water (see Figure 5a). Thereafter are the

installation of pipes, accessories ,pumps (see Figure

5b) and the last is to test the obtained water (see

Figure 5c).

Figure 5: (a) drilling, (b) plumbing and (c) testing of water

In addition to the problem of water availability

which is still lacking, the other residents’ problems

that the water is cloudy and has taste.The solution to

overcome this is to design a simple water purifier

such as a sketch in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Sketch of a simple water purifier (Sumardika,

2012 modified)

Based on the physical test, the water pH value in

Kampung Nelayan Seberang is 8.2 - 8.5. Meanwhile,

the Fe value was 0.1 mg / l and Mg of 0.03 mg / l.

To reduce the content of Fe and Mn from raw water

source, it can be used a simple technology, the slow

sand filter. The slow sand filter depends on the filter

media used. In the design of a simple water purifier

for the Kampung Nelayan Seberang, it was used a

gravel media, activated carbon, silica and zeolite.

Zeolite is a three-dimensional crystalline

alumina silica, and is formed from tetrahedral

alimina and silica with inner cavities containing

metal ions, usually alkaline or alkaline and freely

moving water molecules. Zeolite serves as an

adsorbent and molecular filter, as well as ion

exchanger in water treatment (Kusnaedi, 2010).

Activated carbon is a powder-shaped material

derived from carbon-containing material such as

coal and coconut shell. The activated charcoal can

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adsorb certain gases and chemical compounds or

selective adsorption properties (choosing),

depending on the size or volume of the pores and

surface area. The absorption capacity of activated

charcoal is very large, ie 25-100% to the weight of

activated charcoal. The usefulness of activated

charcoal is as a remover of cloudy, bad smell, and

resin in the water of households (Kumalasari, 2013).

Several previous studies have found the

effectiveness of a combination of filter media such

as zeolite, silica sand and active carbon can remove

Fe by 96% and Mn by 84.3% (Yudi, 2017).

Meanwhile, the results of the study (Syahputra,

2015) showed that the use of activated carbon could

remove Fe by 75%, Zn by 14.29% and Cu by

10.78%. The combination of zeolite, silica, active

carbon and gravel was effective to reduce Fe by 74%

and Mn by 33% (Rizki, 2013).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Community service in Kampung Nelayan Seberang

was conducted to overcome the problem of water

availability and water quality. The solution to

overcome water availability was done by providing

assistance to drill deep wells with a depth of ≥ 50 m.

Drilling wells were carried out for ± 3 days with

well drilling stages, pipes and accessories and water

testing. The water source in the form of a deep well

drill can serve for ± 10 households.

In the case of overcoming the muddy and bad

tasting water quality was done by using a simple

water purifier in the form of a slow sand filter. The

medium used is zeolite, silica, activated carbon and

gravel. The use of this medium can reduce Fe and

Mn levels in well water ranging from 33% - 96%.

The deep drill well is an alternative to fulfill the

water needs of fishermen living in the coastal area.

Another alternative that can be done next is to

process brackish water into a source of clean water

with membrane technology and desalination.

Intensive and unstructured deep groundwater intake

will have negative impacts such as decreasing

ground water levels, damaging the hydrological

cycle, and often the depletion of water reserves that

are useful for balancing ground surface pressure and

resulting in landslides and ground-level ambles. The

use of membrane technology and desalination can be

recommended to meet water quality and certainly

require high investment costs.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors gratefully acknowledge that the present

research was supported by Community Service

Institute of the University of Sumatera Utara. The

support is under the Mono Year (Junior Lecturer)

BPPTN.

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