Evaluation of Ethanol Extract of Rhapidophora Pinnata L.F Schott

Leaves as Analgesic in Mice

Sumaiyah

, Masfria

and Aminah Dalimunthe

Department of Technology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, 20155

Department of Chemistry Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, 20155

Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, 20155

Keywords: Analgesic, Rhapidophora pinnata, Hot plate test.

Abstract: Rhapidophora pinnata (family Araceae) is a plant that have many benefit in pharmacology. The objective of

this research was to explore the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of Rhapidophora pinnata leaves in mice.

Hot plate test method was carried out using 25 mice to determine analgetic effect of Rhapidophora pinnata

at various dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw/orally. Acetylsalicylate 200 mg/kg was used as a positive

control. The result showed that all of ethanol extract of Rhapidopora pinnata significantly delayed the

reaction (p<0.05) compared to control group. It’s concluded that Rhapidophora pinnata leaves possesses

analgesic property.

1 INTRODUCTION

Pain is a reaction to an unexpected event when

tissue harm and It relates to a sensational of physical

or emotional discomfort. Pain management is one of

the greatest medical priorities. Analgesics are

medications that selectively alleviate disease by

working on the central nervous system (CNS)

(Vinayak et.al., 2013). The analgesic drug such as

morphin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

sometimes cause side effect like physical

dependency, tolerance, addiction and gastrointestinal

disorders if it used for long times. For that, the

discovery of other drugs alternatives to treat pain is

crucial

Rhaphidophora pinnata, one of araceae family,

has been used as a conservative drug for analgetic,

cancer, rheumatism, and cough. Previous study

showed that Rhaphidophora pinnata have many

biological activity like the therapy of bacterial

infection, cytotoxic and antimutagenic (Masfria,

2015; Masfria et.al., 2017; Sumaiyah, et.al., 2018).

The objective of this study was to explore the

analgesic effect of ethanol extract of Rhapidophora

pinnata leaves in mice.

2 MATERIAL AND METHOD

2.1 Preparation of The Extract

The Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves extract was

obtained from the percolation method using ethanol

96%. The percolat was evaporated by rotary to form

a thickened extract.

2.2 Evaluation of Analgetic Activity

Analgesia effect produced by the extract was

assessed by the hot plate test method in mice. Twenty

five mice were grouped into five groups of five mice

each. The first group as a negative control and

received CMC-Na 0.5%, The second group was

given Acetylsalicylate 200 mg/kg bw as a positive

control. The third, fourth and fifth groups as

treatment group, received ethanol extract of

Rhaphidophora pinnata at dose 50, 100 and 200

mg/kg bw orally, respectively. All of the animal take

on a hot plate at a temperature of about 55 ± 1°C.

The time (second) is needed by the animal for giving

the reaction such as licking the paw, leaping or going

the limbs up whichever will be monitored first will

be noted as the endpoint (reaction time).

436

Sumaiyah, ., Masfria, . and Dalimunthe, A.

Evaluation of Ethanol Extract of Rhapidophora Pinnata L.F Schott Leaves as Analgesic in Mice.

DOI: 10.5220/0010071504360438

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

436-438

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

Table 1: Reaction time of EERP and acetylsalicylate using hot plate test.

Group

Reaction time (s) ± SEM

10 20 30 40 50 60

CmC-Na 0.5% 9.97±0.61 11.72±2.26 16.79±2.32 14.97±1.96 12.78±2.07 8.36±3.08

ERP 50 m

15.5±5.55 20.08±3.58 22.47±5.29 22.36±6.25 14.5±5.49 11.06±5.09

ERP 100 m

14.84±3.18 19.59±4.59 23.12±2.37 19.74±5.80 16.29±4.79 9.74±2.72

ERP 200 mg/kg 18.29±6.06 24.41±3.16 22.97±4.06 18.88±2.61 10.76±3.57 8.02±2.55

cet

lsalic

late 12.71±1.72 20.47±1.07 23.6±0.96 17.58±1.88 14.32±3.31 12.48±1.80

Note :

EERP = Ethanol extract of Rhapidophora pinnata

*Significant difference against control (P<0.05)

Reaction time every 10 minutes will be recorded

until at 60 minute after the drug administration

(Vinayak et.al., 2013; Umamageswari, et.al., 2015;

Jia-Cheng Liao et.al., 2016).

2.3 Statistical Analysis

All data were evaluated using one way ANOVA

and Turkey multiple comparison test with P < 0.05

was considered as significant.

3 RESULT

Analgesic activity of Rhapidophora pinnata was

evaluated by hot plate test method with the reaction

time as the benchmark for the assessment of

analgesic work. Based on the study, there was

valuable difference within groups has been

researched in reaction time of the control group.

Analgetic activity of Acetylsalicylate 200 mg/kg

showed a valuable difference (P<0.05) against

control (Table 1).

The result from hot plate test showed the

analgesic work of Rhapidophora pinnata. Previous

study showed that the herbal drugs having analgesic

effect if they have the chemical constituents like

glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins,tannins,

terpinoids (Chowdhury et.al., 2017). Based on the

screening phytochemical, Rhapidophora pinnata

leaves contains various plant components like

alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and tannin. So it

may be considered that these plant components of

the Rhapidophora may be a drug candidate for its

analgesic work. Further studies are needed to know

the mechanism of action and actual chemical

components that are liable for analgesic effect.

4 CONCLUSION

Based on the study, it can be concluded that

Rhapidophora pinnata possesses analgesic property

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This study was funded by Talenta 2018.

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