A Relationship between Smoking and Triglyceride Levels at USU

Engineering Students

Muhammad Syahputra

, Sry Suryani

and Fachri Aulia Darmawan

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Student of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Smoking, Triglycerides, Universitas Sumatera Utara Engineering Students.

Abstract: As time went along with their own tobacco human civilization known to man. On cigarettes have been found

around 4000 types of toxic chemicals including nicotine and tar in which the nicotine contained in cigarette

smoke can affect blood lipid profile one triglyceride so that smokers had higher triglyceride levels than

nonsmokers. This study was to determine whether there is a relationship between smoking and blood

triglyceride levels with the design of the study conducted using an analytic study of 58 people with the USU

engineering students to take blood samples of smokers. The relationship between the variables of smoking

with blood triglyceride levels are determined based on data collected from interviews and take measurements

of blood triglyceride levels, measurements were performed one at a time without a follow-up observation.

The result showed there were 13 respondents (22.4%) who have triglyceride levels above normal. There is a

relationship between smoking and blood triglyceride levels (p = 0.001). There are differences in average blood

triglyceride levels among light smokers with heavy smokers (p = 0.000) and between smokers moderately

heavy smokers (p = 0.045). but there is no difference between the average blood triglyceride levels among

light smokers with moderate smokers (p = 0,053).

1 INTRODUCTION

Tobacco consumed by humans in many ways and the

most common is consumed as a tobacco cigarette.

Smoking prolonged will affect the incidence of health

problems such as cancer, raised his cardiovascular

disease and disease of lungs (Setiati S, Alwi I, Sudoyo

AW, 2014). Smoking is one of the causes of

atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus (DM). Smoking

also affects the physiological factors, pathologic,

hematologic and metabolic respectively. From the

results of previous studies have reported that smokers

had higher levels of serum triglycerides (TG), high

blood glucose concentration and levels of high-

density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower

than non-smokers (Niemiec P, Nowak T, Iwanicki T,

2015). Plasma lipids consist of triacylglycerol (6%),

phospholipids (30%), cholesterol (14%), and esters

cholesteryl (36%) and slightly fatty acids long-chain

non-esterified (4%). Most of the fats and oils in nature

consists of 98-99% of triglycerides. Triglyceride is a

glycerol ester, an alcohol and a fatty acid trihydrate

correctly called triacylglycerol (Almatsier S.

Prinsipdasarilmugizi, 2010).. During digestion, two

of the three fatty acid molecules are leaving one of

monoglycerides, one molecule of glycerol with a fatty

acid molecule attached to it (mono means "one").

Lipoprotein metabolism disorders cause various

hypo- or hyperproteinemia. The most common is

diabetes mellitus; this disease occurs in insulin

deficiency caused excessive Free fatty acid (FFA)

mobilization coupled low utilization of chylomicrons

and Very low density Lipoprotein (VLDL) causing

hypertriglyceridemia. Most other pathological

conditions regarding fat transport because congenital

abnormalities can cause hiperkolestrolemia and

premature atherosclerosis. Smoking among college

students has become a daily habit, and even become

a staple. Therefore, the authors are interested in

looking for the relationship between smoking

behavior and increased blood triglyceride levels in

students of mechanical Engineering faculty of

Universitas Sumatera Utara (Murray RK, Granner

DK,Rodwell VW, 2009).

628

Syahputra, M., Suryani, S. and Darmawan, F.

A Relationship between Smoking and Triglyceride Levels at USU Engineering Students.

DOI: 10.5220/0010081106280630

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

628-630

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

2 METHOD

Samples were students of the Faculty of Engineering

2013-2016 USU force another active as a student and

the samples taken are the subject of the selected

populations and have met the inclusion and exclusion

criteria. The sampling technique in this research is by

consecutive sampling.

1. Criteria for inclusion:

a. Male students who smoke at the engeneering

faculty of the Universitas Sumatera Utara

b. Willing to become respondents to sign a consent

form.

2. Exclusion criteria:

a. Diabetes mellitus

b. Suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD)

c. dyslipidemia

d. obesity

e. Vegetarian

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Table 1: Distribution subject frequency based on the degree

of smokers

Smoking

Degree

Frequeny Percentage

Light 32 55,2 %

Medium 19 32,8 %

Heavy 7 12,1 %

Total 58 100 %

Based on the number of cigarettes smoked each day,

the smokers were divided into three, namely light

smokers, moderate, and severe. Subject of the study

were 32 people (55.2%) were light smokers, while 19

subjects (32.8%) are moderate smokers. while the

remaining 7 (12.1%) were heavy smokers. From this

data it can be concluded that the subject was light

smokers more than moderate smokers and heavy.

Table 2: Correlation Degree Smokers Blood Triglyceride

Levels.

Triglyceride Levels

Smoking

Degree

Normal High Jumlah

pValue

N (%) N (%) N (%)

Light 30 66,7 2 15,4 32 55,2 0,001

Medium

13 28,9 6 46,2 19 23,8

Heavy 2 4,4 5 38,5 7 12,1

Total 45 100 13 100 58 100

Fisher on Chi Square test produces p-value of 0.001

(p <0.05) for the degree of relationship of smoking

with blood triglyceride levels. This indicates that the

degree of smoking had a relationship with blood

triglyceride levels. This is according to research

obtained by Widea Rossi concluded that

hypertriglyceridemia increased risk in those who

smoked more than 20 cigarettes each day (Desvita

WR, 2014}

Table 3. Test Results Post Hoc Test (Tukey)

Group I GroupII P value

Light Smoker

Medium Smoker 0,053

Heavy Smoker 0,000

Medium

Smoker

Light Smoker 0,053

Heavy Smoker 0,045

Heavy Smoker

Light Smoker 0,000

Heavy Smoker 0,045

From the results of Anova test showed that there were

significant differences in the average blood

triglyceride levels among light smokers with heavy

smokers. Furthermore, to find a group that has a

significant value of the test post hoc test (Tukey).

Obtained the result that there are differences in

average blood triglyceride levels among light

smokers with heavy smokers (p = 0.000) and between

smokers moderately heavy smokers (p = 0.045). but

there is no difference between the average blood

triglyceride levels among light smokers with

moderate smokers (p = 0,053). this is according to

research conducted by (Ioannis Mammas N., 2013)

that smoking is associated with high triglycerides and

serum levels of HDL-cholesterol is low. As well as

the levels of LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol level

that is strongly associated with smoking rates

(Mammas IN, 2013)

A Relationship between Smoking and Triglyceride Levels at USU Engineering Students

629

4 CONCLUSION

There is a relationship between smoking and blood

triglyceride levels (p<0,001).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authours gratefully acknowledge financially

supported of the Ministry of Research and

Technology and Higher Education Republic of

Indonesia. The study was supported by the research

grant TALENTA USU 2018.

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