Predisposing Factor Associated with Community Action in

Terminating TB Transmission in KB Village 2018

S. M. Sarumpaet

and Syarifah

Department of Epidemiology FKM Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science FKM Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

Keywords: KB Village, Pulmonary TB, Predisposing Factor, Action.

Abstract: The purpose of KB village is to improve the degree of public health. Pulmonary TB is a disease with high

prevalence and degrade the public health and welfare level. This study aims to analyze the relationship of

predisposing factor with knowledge, attitude, and community action in terminating pulmonary TB

transmission with cross-sectional design. The population is all households from two neighborhoods of KB

Village of 204 households. The sample is taken randomly from the list of households and got 132 respondents

and analyzed using independent t-test. The proportion of respondent’s factor was female (93.9%), age ≤ 50

years (71.2%), lower education (59.1%), unemployment (72.7%), and less dense population (65.9%). It is

obtained gender, age, and occupation are significantly related with knowledge (p<0.05). Only employed is

related with attitude (p<0.05) and gender is related with action (p<0.05). Intensive counseling is needed for

the people of KB Village to improve their attitude and action in effort of terminating pulmonary TB

transmission. The role of cadre in KB Village have to improve in order to give understandable counseling and

can be applied by the community, therefore an effective and efficient counseling method is being prepared by

utilizing poster and cadre’s book guideline.

1 INTRODUCTION

KB Village an area equivalent to hamlet/RW with

certain criteria in which there is an integrated

program of Population, Family Planning, and Family

Development, and the related sector development is

conducted systematically. The purpose of KB village

establishment is to improve the degree of public

health (BKKBN, 2016).

One of contagious disease with high prevalence

and can degrade the degree of public health as well

as welfare level is pulmonary TB disease, the

transmission can develop rapidly especially in slum

and dense populated area with low socio-economics.

There are six countries that contributing 60% of new

cases, there are India, Indonesia, China, Nigeria,

Pakistan, and South Africa (WHO, 2016).

The estimation of all cases of pulmonary TB

prevalence in Indonesia was 660,000 and the

estimation of incident was 430,000 of new cases per

year. The number of deaths from pulmonary TB was

estimated to be 61,000 per year. The number of

pulmonary TB new and relapsing cases notification

from 2000-2009 was increasing, then gradually

decreasing until 2013, but then increasing again until

2015. The notification number of new pulmonary TB

cases was 117 per 100,000 population (Kemenkes,

2016).

In 2015, in Sumatera Utara the prevalence rate of

pulmonary TB was 794/100,000 population, the

incident rate was 501/100,000 population and the

number of deaths from pulmonary TB was

41/100,000 population, with Case Detection Rate

(CDR) of all forms of 22,961 (33.3%). According to

the report of Integrated TB Information System

(SITT) in 2016, the rate incident was estimated to be

129 per 100,000 penduduk. Although the estimation

was still lower than it supposed to occur in the

community (Dinkes, 2013).

In the effort of increasing CDR of pulmonary TB

Kemenkes RI has launched a pulmonary TB

prevention program in Indonesia known as TOSS

Pulmonary TB (Temukan Obati Sampai Sembuh).

The success of this program is strongly influenced by

the level of knowledge, attitude, as well as the

community role in recognizing the early symptoms,

the transmission method, and the termination of

transmission, the treatment, and the prevention of

Sarumpaet, S. and Syarifah, .

Predisposing Factor Associated with Community Action in Terminating TB Transmission in KB Village 2018.

DOI: 10.5220/0010084106890693

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

689-693

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

689

pulmonary TB. The effort of pulmonary TB

termination was adopted from Green’s theory of

health-seeking service by the community. Therefore,

the predisposing factor associated with knowledge,

attitude, and community action in terminating

pulmonary TB transmission in KB Village is needed

(Kemenkes, 2016).

2 RESEARCH METHOD

The research method is performed through cross-

sectional design with independent variable of

predisposing (sociodemography, knowledge, and

attitude) and dependent variable of the effort in

terminating pulmonary TB transmission.

Sociodemographic factor is age which grouped into

over ≤50 years old and >50 years old, education is

grouped into lower education level ( Elementary

School and Middle School graduates) and higher

education level (High School and University

graduates), occupation is grouped into

unemployment and employed, and population is

grouped into less dense population (≤5) and densely

populated (>5). Knowledge is categorized into less

with score of ≤20 and decent >20, attitude is

categorized into less with score of ≤54 and decent

>54, and action is categorized into less with score

≤13 and decent >13.

The population of this study is all of householders

within the area of KB Village in Titi Kuning Sub-

District Medan Johor District and Padang Bulan Sub-

District and Medan Baru District with total of 204

people. The amount of the sample is determined

based on Slovin formula with SE = 0.05 so the

sample obtained is 132 respondents. The sample is

randomly picked according to the list of households

within the two areas with inclusion criteria of the

head of the family is willing to be interviewed and

trained in recognizing pulmonary TB patient, the

prevention, and the transmission within the family.

Out of willingness it turns out most of housewives

were willing to participate in the research (124

people) and male only 8 people. The data collecting

technique is performed with interview using

questionnaires that have been tested and approved by

Ethical Commission with registered number:

1522/VI/SP/2018. Bivariate analysis is performed

with independent t-test.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1

Univariate Analysis

According to the result, the respondent’s

predisposing factor distribution can be seen in table

Table 1: Distribution of KB Village Community’s

Predisposing Factor

Characteristic

Gender

Male

Female

124

6.1

93.9

Age

≤50years old 94 71.2

>50years old 38 28.8

Education

Lower Education Level 78 59.1

Higher Education Level 54 40.9

Occupation

Unemployment 96 72.7

Employed 36 27.3

Population

Less Dense Population 87 65.9

Densely Populated 45 34.1

Total 132 100.0

Table 1 shows respondent’s predisposing based

on gender, female is 124 people (93.9%). This

number is higher than male of 8 people (6.1%).

Based on age, the highest proportion is at age group

of ≤ 50 years old, which is 94 people (71.2%). Next,

the highest proportion of education is at the group of

lower education level (Elementary and Middle

School), which is 78 people (59.1%). Furthermore,

the highest proportion of occupation is at the group

of unemployment which is 96 people (72.7%). And

lastly, the highest proportion of population is at the

group of less dense population which is 87 people

(65.9%). This illustrates the characteristic of KB

Village in which the people is pre-prosperous and the

majority of them have lower education level and are

unemployed.

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

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Table 2: The Association of Predisposing Factor with Respondent’s Knowledge in Terminating Pulmonary TB Transmission

in KB Village 2018

Characteristic Category

SD Mean Median

(min-max)

p 95% CI

Gender Male 8 8.418 14.50 13.50 (6-27) 0.003

-11.200- (-

2.284)

Female 124 6.025 21.24 21.50 (7-40)

Age

≤50 years ol

94 6.471 21.63 22.00 (6-40)

0.023

0.378-

5.140

>50 years ol

38 5.701 18.87 19.00 (7-32)

Education

Lower

Education Level

78 6.204 20.64 22.00 (6-40) 0.948

Higher

Education Level

54 6.632 21.11 19.50 (7-39)

Occupation

Unemployment 96 6.357 21.74 22.00 (6-40)

0.007 0.922-

0.5724

Employe

36 5.793 18.42 18.50 (6-30)

Population

Less Dense

Population

87 6.548 20.99 22.00 (6-39) 0.648

Densely

Populate

45 6.048 20.53 19.00 (6-40)

*switched to median due to the data is not normally distributed and the Mann-Whitney test is performed

Table 3: The Association of Predisposing Factor with Respondent’s Attitude in Terminating Pulmonary TB Transmission in

KB Village 2018

Characteristic Category

SD Mean Median

(min-

max)

Gender Male 8 1.581 52.25 52.00 (50-55) 0.088

Female 124 5.006 54.73 54.00 (40-66)

Age

≤ 50 years ol

94 5.171 54.19 53.00 (40-66)

0.147

> 50 years ol

38 4.058 55.55 55.00 (48-66)

Education

Lower Education

Level

78 4.552 54.56 54.00 (40-64) 0.987

Higher Education

Level

54 5.409 54.61 54.00 (41-66)

Occupation

Unemployment 96 4.951 55.10 55.00 (40-66)

0.010

Employe

36 4.541 53.19 52.00 (44-63)

Population

Less Dense

Population

87 5.025 54.67 54.00 (40-66) 0.954

Densely Populate

45 4.702 54.42 54.00 (41-66)

3.2

Bivariate Analysis

Based on the result, the association of predisposing

factor with knowledge, attitude, and respondent’s

action in terminating pulmonary TB transmission in

KB Village 2018 can be seen in the table 2 and 3.

Table 2 exhibits independent variables (gender,

age, and occupation) have significant relationship

with respondent’s knowledge in terminating TB

transmission (p<0.05) and independent variables

(education and population) do not have significant

relationship with respondent’s knowledge in

terminating TB transmission (p>0.05). The condition

above can be assumed is due to the majority of

respondents is at productive age (≤ 50 years old),

housewives, and unemployed. This group usually is

responsible for caring and maintaining the family’s

health, thus the curiosity on the disease is very high.

Predisposing Factor Associated with Community Action in Terminating TB Transmission in KB Village 2018

691

Table 4: The Association of Predisposing Factor with Respondent’s Action in Terminating Pulmonary TB Transmission in

KB Village 2018

Characteristic Category

SD Mean

Median

(min-maks)

Gender Male 8 2.615 10.62 11.50 (7-13) 0.003

Female 124 1.758 12.77 13.00 (7-14)

Age ≤ 50 years ol

94 1.697 12.85 13.00 (7-14) 0.127

> 50 years ol

38 2.203 12.11 13.00 (7-14)

Education

Lower

Education Level

78 1.744 12.71 13.00 (7-14) 0.873

Higher

Education Level

54 2.071 12.54 13.50 (7-14)

Occupation Unemployment 96 1.877 12.61 13.00 (7-14) 0.768

Employe

36 1.910 12.69 13.00 (7-14)

Population Less Dense

Population

87 1.885 12.52 13.00 (7-14)

0.138

Densely

Populated

45 1.866 12.87 14.00 (7-14)

*switched to median due to the data is not normally distributed and the Mann-Whitney test is performed

This is not in line with the study result of Gelaw

(2015) in which there is a significant relationship

between lower education level with pulmonary TB

knowledge, female with Adjusted Odd Ratio

(AOR)=1.95 and male=3.4, but in this study lower

education level is Elementary School graduates.

Table 3 showed independent variables (gender, age,

education, and population) do not have significant

relationship with respondent’s attitude in terminating

TB transmission (p>0.05) and only occupation has a

significant relationship with respondent’s attitude in

terminating TB transmission (p<0.05). This is line

with the relationship of characteristic with

knowledge in which unemployed respondents have

better knowledge, this also related with a better

attitude in terminating pulmonary TB transmission.

This is in line with a study of Rahmawati S.A (2017)

in which there is a significant relationship between

knowledge with the attitude in terminating

pulmonary TB transmission (p= 0.001).

Table 4 reveals independent variables (age,

education, occupation, and population) do not have

significant relationship with respondent’s action in

terminating pulmonary TB transmission (p>0.05)

and only gender has a significant relationship with

respondent’s action in terminating pulmonary TB

transmission (p<0.05).

It is in line with the relationship of characteristic

with knowledge and respondent’s attitude of female

is better and the proportion is more dominant

(93.9%), hence it also related with better action in

terminating pulmonary TB transmission. This is also

in line with a study from Wijaya MK dkk (2012) in

which showed there is a significant relationship

between knowledge and attitude in controlling TB

case in Buleleng District.

But the result of this study is not in accordance

with a study from Nasirudin (2014) which revealed

there is no relationship between knowledge (p=

0.448) and attitude (p= 1.000) in the prevention

action of TB transmission in the working area of

Puskesmas Ngemplak in Boyolali District.

According to the result an intensive counseling is

still required to be performed to the people of KB

Village to raise their attitude and action in the effort

of terminating pulmonary TB transmission. The role

of cadre in KB Village have to be improved in order

for them to give understandable counseling and can

be applied by the community, therefore an effective

and efficient counseling method is being prepared by

utilizing poster and cadre’s guideline.

CONCLUSIONS

The proportion of respondent’s factor was female

(93.9%), age ≤ 50 years (71.2%), lower education

(59.1%), unemployment (72.7%), and less dense

population (65.9%). It is obtained gender, age, and

occupation are significantly related with knowledge

(p<0.05). Only employed is related with attitude

(p<0.05) and gender is related with action (p<0.05).

Intensive counseling is needed for the people of KB

Village to improve their attitude and action in effort

of terminating pulmonary TB transmission.

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

692

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thank you to the Research Institute of Universitas

Sumatera Utara as the source of Talenta research

fund with research scheme of Basic Research of

Fiscal Year 2018 Number86/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-

TALENTA USU/2018 16

March 2018.

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