

Anemia and Chronic Energy Malnutrition based on Nutrition

Knowledge in Pregnant Woman in Medan Tuntungan District Medan

Zulhaida Lubis

and Jumirah

Department of Public Health Nutrition Faculty of Public Health Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Keywords: Anemia, chronic energy malnutrition, nutrition knowledge, pregnant women.

Abstract: Anemia and Chronic Energy Malnutrition (CEM) in pregnant women, especially in the third trimester

potential harm to mother and child, until now the incidence is still high in Indonesia. This study aims to

determine the description of anemia and chronic energy malnutrition events in terms of maternal knowledge

about nutrition in Medan Tuntungan district Medan city. This research includes an explanatory research

survey with cross sectional design, conducted in Medan Tuntungan district in 34 pregnant women. Blood Hb

level was measured by means of "Hemoglobin Testing System: Quik-Check", CEM was determined by

measuring Upper Arm Circumference (UAC), and mother's nal knowledge of nutrition was obtained by

interview using questionnaire. Data analysis is done descriptively. The results showed that the incidence of

anemia in pregnant women of 3

trimester was 52.9%, and pregnant women with chronic energy malnutrition

was 20.6%. As many as 85.3% of pregnant women have less knowledge of nutrition, 57.1% of mothers whose

knowledge is chronic energy malnutrition, while in mother with good nutrition knowledge also have anemia

as much as 60%. The conclusion of research that anemia in pregnant mother of 3

trimester in sub district of

Tuntungan field still high and most of mother have nutrition knowledge which still less.

1 INTRODUCTION

One of the undernutition problems in Indonesia is the

anemia and the group of sufferers in pregnant women.

Anemia in pregnancy is a national problem because it

reflects the socio-economic well-being of the

community, and its influence is great on the quality

of human resources. Anemia in pregnant women is

called "potential danger to mother and child", which

is why anemia requires serious attention from all

parties involved in health services (Manuaba, 2010).

Anemia in pregnancy can adversely affect especially

during pregnancy and childbirth. The high rates of

anemia affecting pregnant women have a negative

effect on the fetus conceived from the mother in

pregnancy, perspectives, or puerperium, such as

preterm birth, low birth weight, premature partus,

abortion, postpartum hemorrhage, and long-term

partnerhood. This is related to many factors, among

others, age, parity, education, employment, and

knowledge. The results of the 2015 nutritional status

assessment survey in Indonesia show that pregnant

women with chronic energy malnutrition (CEM) risk

of 13.3%, one in 4 pregnant women have not received

iron tablet services in an attempt to decrease anemia,

and 87.1 % mother or 9 out of 10 pregnant women did

not get complementary feeding (Kemenkes RI,

2016). Data from North Sumatra Provincial Health

Office 2014 the number of occurrences of anemia in

the pregnant women in North Sumatra of 28.7%

which is generally caused by pregnant women who do

not consume enough iron.

The report of Health Office of North Sumatera

Province in 2014 number of anemia in pregnant

mother in North Sumatera is 28,7%, which is caused

by pregnant women who do not consume iron. While

the results of research in Medan (Northern Medan),

the incidence of anemia was 44.7% and the incidence

of chronic energy malnutrition 23.7%. Furthermore

it was said that the occurrence of anemia significantly

associated with low intake of energy that is less than

80% recommended sufficiency and gestational

distance is too short or less than 2 years (Zulhaida,

2017).

Lubis, Z. and Jumirah, .

Anemia and Chronic Energy Malnutrition based on Nutrition Knowledge in Pregnant Woman in Medan Tuntungan District Medan.

DOI: 10.5220/0010088807750777

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

775-777

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

775



2 METHODS

This research is a survey of explanatory research with

crossectional design. This research was conducted in

Medan Tuntungan district Medan. The samples were

all pregnant women with 3rd trimester of pregnancy

in Medan Tuntungan Health Center from May to July

2018 that was 34 people. Data on mother's identity

and mother's nutritional knowledge were obtained by

interview using questionnaire, Hb rate was measured

by using Hb Quik-Check, and Hb levels of pregnant

women are categorized into 2, namely anemia if Hb

levels are <11g / dl and Normal if Hb levels> = 11 g

/ dl [4]. CEM was determined by Upper Arm

Circumference (UAC). Data analysis to describe the

incidence of anemia and CEM was done descriptively

by frequency tabulation, then analyzed the tendency

of anemia and CEM incidence based on nutritional

knowledge by cross tabulation.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The occurrence of anemia was measured based on

Hemoglobin (Hb) levels of pregnant women with

criteria expressed anemia when Hb levels were less

than 11mg / dl. While the occurrence Chronic Energy

Malnutrition (CEM) stated if the value of Upper Arm

Circumference (UAC) <23.5 cm. In Table 1 it can be

seen that pregnant women who have anemia as many

as 18 people (52,9%). This figure is high compared to

the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in

northern Medan city of 44.7% and the incidence of

anemia is said to be significantly associated with low

energy intake (Zulhaida, 2017).

Table 1. Frequency Distribution of anemia Incidence in

Pregnant Women

Incidence N %

Anemia 18 52,9

Normal 16 47,1

Total 34 100,0

The results showed the incidence of CEM in 3

trimester pregnant women was 20.7% (Table 2). This

figure is slightly lower with the findings in the North

Medan region is equal to 23.9% (WHO, 2011). In

addition the study found that the incidence of CEM in

pregnant women is significantly associated with the

incidence of anemia. The levels of hemoglobin in

pregnant women were associated with maternal

nutritional status (UAC), consumption of iron tablets

and meal consumption patterns on expectant mothers

in Maros South Sulawesi (Fatimah, 2011).

Table 2. Prequency Distribution of Chronic Energy

Malnutrition Incidence in Pregnant Women

Incidence N %

CEM 27 20,6

Normal 7 79,4

Total 34 100,0

The description of mother's nutritional knowledge

shows that there are 29 people (85,3%) of pregnant

women have less nutritional knowledge. The

incidence of anemia and CEM in pregnant women

based on mother's nutritional knowledge can be seen

in Table 3 and Table 4.

Table 3. Distribution of Anemia in Pregnant Women

Based on Mother’s nutritional knowledge

Nutritional

knowledge

Incidence Total

Anemia Normal

N % N % N %

Less 15 57,1 14 48,3 29 100,0

Good 3 60,0 2 40,0 5 100,0

Table 3 shows that in mothers with less

knowledge 15 people (57.1%) had anemia and mother

with good knowledge of nutrition as many as 3 people

(60%) also had anemia. A lack of nutritional

knowledge will have an impact on the mother's

dietary intake patterns so that increased nutritional

adequacy during pregnancy such as energy, protein,

iron and folic acid can not be met which causes

malnourished mothers such as anemia. In a review

article about anemia and eating habits of pregnant

women in Indonesia said that the incidence of

anaemia in pregnant women is closely related to

economic and cultural factors (Atiek, 2016). The

other factors that also play a role is the knowledge of

mothers and families about the importance of

nutrition and foods that are good for women of fertile

age, moreover for pregnant women. Another factor

that also plays a role is the knowledge of mothers and

families about the importance of nutrition and food

for women's fertility, especially for pregnant women.

While the results of the study in Karawang district

showed that there was no significant relationship

between family economic factors and hemoglobin

levels of third trimester pregnant women, but more

important was the knowledge of nutrition and

maternal health and good food intake (Surgiasih,

2013). The results of research in Yokyakarta show

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

776

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that there is a significant relationship between

nutritional knowledge of pregnant women with

anemia status (Purwanti, 2014).

Table 4. Distribution of Chronic Energy Malnutrition in

Pregnant Women Based on Mother’s nutritional

knowledge

Nutritional

knowledge

Incidence Total

CEM Normal

N % n % N %

Less 7 24,1 22 75,9 29 100,0

Good 0 0,0 5 100,0 5 100,0

Based on mother's knowledge it can be seen that

CEM incidence was found in 7 people (24,1%)

mother with less knowledge. While mothers with

good nutrition knowledge (100%) normal nutritional

state (Table 4). This shows that the occurrence of

CEM in pregnant women with nutritional knowledge

is less related to low nutrient intake, especially energy

and protein. If the increased nutritional needs during

pregnancy, especially in the 3rd trimester is not

enough to affect the development of the fetus and the

baby's weight when born.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of anemia in pregnant women in

Medan Tuntungan district was 52.9%, and CEM

(Chronic Energy Malnutrition) was 20.6%. As many

as 85.3% of pregnant women have less nutritional

knowledge, and most of them have anemia.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thank you to the Universitas Sumatera Utara for

funding this research in accordance with the Contract

of TALENTA University of Sumatera Utara on 2018

Number: 2590 / UN5.1.R / PPM / 2017 dated March

16, 2018.

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