Makrozoobenthos Community as Bioindicator in River Belawan

Mayang Sari Yeanny*

and Ternala Alexander Barus

Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, , Jl.

Bioteknologi No.1 Padang Bulan, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia 20155, Telephone 062-61-8211050, 062-61-

Keywords: Makrozoobenthos, Bioindicator, Belawan River.

Abstract: Belawan River is very important for the residents of Medan and its surroundings. It serves as the main raw

material for the local drinking water company, as well domestic, industrial, hotel and tourism. Many human

activities had led to the declining condition of water in the river throughout the year. One way to approach

the concept of bioindicator is by knowing Density, Relative Density, Frequency of Attendance, equitability,

and diversity of the Makrozoobenthos itself. Results indicated that the Makrozoobenthos community were

from 9 genera. Makrozoobenthos individual density was around 3,703 to 629,62 ind/m2. The diversity index

was around 0 to 0,69, which is considered to have low to high pollution level. Equitability Index was

approaching 0, with relatively high domination from Polymesoda erosa. The water quality that influences the

diversity of Makrozoobenthos as bioindicator was light penetrationThe abstract should summarize the

contents of the paper and should contain at least 70 and at most 200 words. It should be set in 9-point font

size, justified and should have a hanging indent of 2-centimenter. There should be a space before of 12-point

and after of 30-point.

1 INTRODUCTION

Belawan River is an important river for the people of

Medan and its surroundings. Its flow passes through

human residence, industries, PLTU, PDAM and

aquaculture. With those activities around, waste

water is often directly discharged into the water body,

and thus can cause a negative impact to the aquatic

environment. The utilization of the river itself as a

waste water disposal site can cause changes in

environmental factors that will be bad for the life of

its biota. The quality change in water can greatly

affect the life of the biota living in it.(Yeanny, 2018)

Biota in Belawan River, such as makrozoobenthos,

can be used as environmental bioindicator. By this

nature, environmental changes can heavily affect the

density and diversity of aquatic biota. This Density

and diversity itself is highly dependent on their

tolerance and sensitivity to environmental change.

(Rudiyanti, 2009)

The aquatic organisms such as makrozoobenthos

as a water bioindicator has several advantages, such

as (1) providing relevant information of existing

water quality conditions and can be done in an easy

and relatively short time; (2) provide important

information, not only on pollution caused by waste

water in aquatic environment, but also to complete the

special factor, that is, the change of organism's life

structure as a result of the existence of various

organisms in the water; (3) provides an overview of

self purification in anaerobic or aerobic

circumstances and may recognize toxic effects on the

structure of the existing organisms; And (4) provide

an overview of the state of water quality over a

relatively long period of time, despite periodic

changes. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a research

entitled makrozoobenthos community as

bioindicator in belawan river.

This study aims to see the makrozoobenthos

community as a bioindicator of the quality of belawan

river waters with various approaches, namely:

(a) to know the structure of the makrozoobenthos

community includeing density, diversity, equitability

and dominance of makrozoobenthos .

(b) to know the water pollution by using

makrozoobenthos as bioindicator.

water quality.

Yeanny, M. and Barus, T.

Makrozoobenthos Community as Bioindicator in River Belawan.

DOI: 10.5220/0010094810211026

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1021-1026

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

1021

2 RESEARCH METHODS

2.1 Materials and Method

The Research was conducted in Maret – Oktober

2018. Five sample locations were picked based on

the difference of community activities with 3

repetition, from upstream to estuary site of Belawan

river

Station

Salam Tani

Village, Pancur Batu

Sub-district, Deli

Serdang Distric

No activity/

Upstream

Control

Station

Sunggal kanan

Village , Sunggal

Sub-district, Deli

serdan

Distric

Habitation,

domestic

Station

III

Kampung Lalang

Village, Sunggal

Sub-district, Deli

Serdan

Distric

Market,

Hotel

Station

Kelambir

Village, Hamparan

Perak Sub-district,

Deli Serdang District

Soy

industries, Paper

industries

Station

Sicanang Village,

Medan Belawan Sub-

district, Medan

Belawan City .

Downstream

(estuary)

2.2 Water Quality Sampling

From the measured water quality can be seen in the

following table:

No Water

Quality

Instruments Measurement

Location

1. Temperature Termomete

Insitu

2. Light

Penetration

Secchi dis

Insitu

3. Light

Intensity

Luxmete

Insitu

4. Stream

velocity

(s/m)

Stopwatch Insitu

5. Depth (m) Mete

Insitu

Hmete

Insitu

7. DO Winkler

metho

Insitu

8. BOD Winkle

incubation

metho

Laboratory

2.3 Benthic Sample Collection

Makrozoobenthos samples was taken from five (5)

determined location based on the local community

activities from upstream to downstream. Purposive

random sampling method was used in order to collect

the makrozoobenthos samples. Subsequently, sample

collection was conducted using suber net on each

sampling point. The collected makrozoobenthos

samples are then put in a plastic bag and preserved

using 4% formalin before putting label on the plastic

bag. In the laboratory, samples were cleaned from

formalin and soaked in clean water for about one day

and night, and put in a bottle containing 70 % alcohol

afterwards. Identification is then done afterwards

using identification book Edmonson (1963), Pennak

(1978), Streble and Krauter (1988).

2.4 Data Analysis

Data analysis for water quality such as

temperature, light penetration and intensity, depth,

pH, DO, BOD

makrozoobenthos are done using

standard method APHA, (2005).

(1) Density (K)

(1)

K=density

a=thenumberofmakrozoobentos(individual)

b= area of plots

(2) Relative Density (KR) (2)

ni = the number of individuals of a kind

ΣN = total of all individuals

(3) Frequency of Attendance (FK)

The number of plots is occupied by a type

FK = x 100 (3)

Total number of plots

FK = 0-25. (Very rarely)

25-50. (Rarely)

50-75. (Many)

> 75. (Very much)

%100x





K 

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

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(4) The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H ‘)

(4)

H '= Shannon-Wiener diversity index

2.5 Water Quality Relationship with

Makrozoobenthos

Water quality such as temperature, penetration of

light, light intensity, flow rate, Depth, pH, DO, BOD,

COD were statistically tested and analyzed to observe

its relationship with Makrozoobenthos using SPSS

correlation analysis Ver. 22 in order to see the current

pollution level of the river.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Water Quality of Belawan River

The result of water quality of Belawan River can be

seen on the table 1 below. Table 1 that the water

temperature in the five stations ranges from 27-30

C, with the highest temperature at station V which

estuary with overall the temperature is relatively the

same. Light penetration was ranged from 3,31 – 6,11

m with the highest light penetration on station II,

which was caused by the open area of station II (less

plants were grown), make the light easier to penetrate

into water body. Light intensity was ranging from 320

– 870 Candela with the highest on station I. This is

caused by the light ability to be absorbed was

relatively high.

Flow velocity was ranged from 0,9 – 1,4 s/m with the

highest on stasion V, the flow velocity is relatively

the same. pH was ranging from 6.6 – 7.6 with the

highest pH on station V (downstream). Dissolved

oxygen (DO) was ranging from 3,8 – 5,3 mg / L with

the highest on station I, which was caused by the

environmental condition that supports photosynthesis

which provides much oxygen in the water body.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) was ranging

from 1,3 – 4,0 mg/L with the highest BOD5 at station

III which was a highly populated residential area that

produced domestic waste in the form of organic

materials in which the oxygen in the water was used

by microorganisms to decompose the organic

material.







pipiH

ln'

Table 1: Water Quality in Belawan River.

Para

meter

Station

III

Station IV Station

Temp

erature (

27 28 28 28 30

Light

Penetration

(m)

3,31 6,11 4,26 4,35 5,35

Light

Intensity

(Cd)

870 330 260 320 510

Flow

velocity

(s/m)

2,7 5,9 1,7 1,6 3,6

Depth

(m)

0,9 1,1 1,2 1,1 1,4

pH 4,0 3,0 4,0 4,0 7,6

(mg/L)

5,3 4,4 3,8 3,8 5,2

BOD

(mg/L)

2,2 2,3 1,3 2,6 4,0

Makrozoobenthos Community as Bioindicator in River Belawan

1023

Table 2: Density Value (K) (ind / m2), Relative Density (KR) (%) and Frequency of Attendance (FK) (%) Makrozoobenthos

at Belawan River at Station I and II.

No. Genera Stasiun I Stasiun II

(ind/m

)

(%)

(ind/m

)

(%)

1. Paguroide - - - - - -

2. Scylla sp - - - - - -

3. Macrobrachium

- - - 3,703 2,22 33,33

4. Hirudo - - - - - -

5. Baetidae 25,92 25,92 66,67 - - -

6. Polymesoda erosa - - - - - -

7. Gerris remigis 70,37 70,37 100 159,25 95.55 100

8. Fillopaludina

javanica

- - - - - -

9. Melanoides sp 3,703 3,70 33,33 3,703 2,22 33,33

Jumlah 99,993 100 166,656 100

Table 3: Density Value (K) (ind / m2), Relative Density (Cr) (%) and Frequency of Attendance (Fk) (%) Makrozoobenthos

at Belawan River at Station III, IV and V.

No. Genera

Stasiun III Stasiun IV Stasiun V

(ind/m

) KR (%) FK (%)

(ind/m

)

KR (%) FK

(%)

(ind/m

)

(%)

1. Paguroide - - - - - - 140,74 97,43 100

2. Scylla sp - - - - - - 3,703 2,5 33,3

3. Macrobrachium

- - - - - - - - -

4. Hirudo - - - 3,703 0,57 33,33 - - -

5. Baetidae - - - - - - - - -

6. Polymesoda

erosa

- - - 629,62 98,26 100 - - -

7. Gerris remigis - - - - - - - - -

8. Fillopaludina

javanica

18,51 100 66,67 - - - - - -

9. Melanoides sp - - - 7,407 1,15 33,33 - - -

Jumlah 18,51 100 640,73 100 144,44

100

3.2 Density Value (K) (ind / m2),

Relative Density (Cr) (%) and

Frequency of Attendance (Fk) (%)

Makrozoobenthos in Belawan River

Results of the Density Value (K) (ind / m2), Relative

Density (Cr) (%) and Frequency of Attendance (Fk)

(%) Makrozoobenthos in Belawan River are shown in

Table 2 and 3.

Table 2 and 3 that Polymesoda erosa at station IV

were found to have the highest density value, relative

density and attendance frequency with 629,62 ind /

(K), 98,26 (KR) and 100% (FK), while the lowest

were found in genera Melanoides Sp at Station I,

Macrobrachium sp dan Melanoides Sp (Station II) ,

Hirudo (Station IV), and Scylla sp (Station V) with

density

value of 3,703 ind/m

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

1024

3.3 Value of Diversity (H’) and

Equitability (E) in Belawan River

The research conducted, the value of diversity (H’)

and equitability (E) in Belawan river were as follows:

Table 4: Diversity Values (H') and Equitability of

makrozoobenthos (E) in Belawan river

St I St

III

0.69 0,18 0 0,07 0,09

0,63 0,16 0 0,06 0,13

Table 4 that the highest value of diversity (H’)

was found from station I, with 0,69 while the lowest

was from station III with 0. The diversity of

makrozoobenthos in the 5 stations was low.

According to Kreb (1985), low diversity is when 0 <

(H’) <2,302, medium diversity is when 2,302 < (H’)

<6.907, and high diversity is when (H’)> 6.907. The

diversity value of stations 1 - 5 classified as heavily

polluted. The water in the river is said to be heavily

polluted if (H’) <1, moderately polluted if (H’) is

between 1.0 to 1, 5, while lightly contaminated when

(H’)> 2.0. The equitability (E) value ranges from 0 to

0.63 with the highest equitability found at station I,

with the lowest at station III. According to Kreb

(1985) the uniformity value (E) ranges from 0 to 1,

where value close to 0 means that equitability is low

due to the dominant species like Polymesoda erosa.

This means the number of individuals on the type is

not equally and evenly distributed. (Krebs, 1985)

3.4 Correlation Analysis Value

Correlation value was obtained based on the

measurement of the water quality parameters

correlated with the value of diversity (Shannon-

Wiener Diversity) as in Table 5 below:

Table 5: The Correlated Analysis Value obtained between

water quality parameters and Makrozoobenthos diversity

o Parameters Diversity (H’)

1. Temperature (

C) -0,588

2. Light Penetration (cm) +0,967

3. Light Intensity (Cd) -0,539

4. Flow Rate (sec / m) +0,202

5. Depth -0,753

H -0,198

7. DO (mg/L) +0,677

8. BOD

/L) -0,074

From Table 5 it can be seen that Light Penetration

affects the diversity of makrozoobenthos as

bioindicator. The obtained Light Penetration during

the study ranged from 331 to 661 m, this value of was

far from the needs of aquatic organisms and partly

enough to support the needs of makrozoobenthos.

Rudiyanti (2009) in which means that Light

Penetration has a very strong relationship to the

diversity of makrozoobenthos.

4 CONCLUSION

The research conducted on the makrozoobenthos

community as bioindicator in river Belawan, it can be

concluded that:

Makrozoobenthos obtained as many as 9

genera.The highest density of makrozoobenthos was

in the genera of Polymesoda erosa with density value

of 629,62 ind / m2 (K) at station V. The highest value

of diversity (H’) at station I is 0,69 and the lowest at

station III is 0. The diversity of Makrozoobenthos in

5 stations was relatively low. The highest equitability

(E) value was at station I is 0.69 and the lowest was

at station III with 0. The overall equitability was low.

The level of pollution based on the value of I-V

station diversity was classified as lightly polluted.

Makrozoobenthos dominating the observed area of

study was Polymesoda erosa. The water quality that

influences the diversity of makrozobentos as

bioindicator was light penetration.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research can be successfully conducted with the

assistance and contribution from many parties. The

author acknowledges the parties contributed in this

research, particularly on the research program non

PNBP USU 2018 which funded this research.

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Makrozoobenthos Community as Bioindicator in River Belawan

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