The Management of Indonesia’s Outermost Small Islands as a

National Strategic Region based on Eco Marine Tourism

Arif

, and Sutiarnoto

Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Universitas No 4 Kampus USU, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Outermost small island, management, Indonesia, national strategic, eco marine tourism.

Abstract: Referring to UNCLOS, 1982, Indonesia set the outermost small islands as the base line to determine the

border of the marine regime with the principle of the island base line. This study emphasizes on the law

aspect of the maintenance of outermost small islands from several dimensions, such as spatial planning,

environment, tourism, institutional, authority management between the central government level, province,

and the district/town. In this study, Berhala Island Serdang Bedagai in the Malaka strait which is the base

line separating Indonesian and Malaysian territorial waters as a development model of eco marine tourism.

The analysis made towards the law synchronization which regulates the outermost small islands has shown

how hard it is to execute development programs of the outermost small islands related to institutional,

coordination, management organization changes in the central level aspects, changes in regional authority in

managing water regions could be seen as the slowing factor of management momentum in the outermost

small islands of Indonesia.

1 INTRODUCTION

As an archipelago country Indonesia is obliged to

report to the general secretary of the United Nations

upon the geographic list of coordinate points that

connects its outermost islands as a base line of an

archipelago country. Because of that it is important

for Indonesia to manage its outermost small islands,

not only from the management aspect of natural

resources, the environment, economy and social, but

also related to its defense and security aspect.

Every alteration of government regime also gives

an effect towards state ministries structures, also

involving the local government managements. One

of the potential environmental services that Berhala

Island Serdang Bedagai in the North Sumatera

province will be delivered in the end of this writing,

to see how an outermost small island could be

managed, not only from the strategically importance

from the defense and security dimension, but more

than that, the outermost small islands that are rich of

nature potentials could be used as a marine tourism

area based on conservation to show an effective

control towards an area that is often used in several

international justice forums about the rightful

authority of a region by a certain country paragraph.

This study discusses about how is the

consequence of the position of Indonesia as an

archipelago country, how is the regulation

concerning the outermost islands and how is the

national strategic island in the security perfective,

Berhala Island, become an eco marine tourism

destination..

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This research is descriptive normative research. Data

consists of regulations concerning marine, managing

outermost small islands in Indonesia and local

government. Furthermore, the study also collected

data by conducting the field study to enrich the

analyzed of regulations which was obtained in

previous such as in depth interview and Focus group

discussion.

1728

Arif, . and Sutiarnoto, .

The Management of Indonesia’s Outermost Small Islands as a National Strategic Region based on Eco Marine Tourism.

DOI: 10.5220/0010097317281735

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1728-1735

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

3 RESULT AND DISCUSS

3.1 Indonesia’s Position as an

Archipelago Country

In international society, Uti Pesidetis Juris principle

is applied, a region of a country is a former colony

region of another country. This regional aspect, in

the international society plays a very important role.

Even Oppenheim Lauterpacht emphasized that

without a regional legal entity, a country, could not

be a country (Oppenheim & Lauterpacht, 1967).

Lawyer Huber in the Island of Palmas case stated

that regarding this region, sovereignty has two very

important characteristics, which is, that sovereignty

is a law precondition to a country. The second

characteristic is that sovereignty shows that country

is independent which also a function of a country is

(Adolf, 1990). Similarly, Indonesia inherits a region

which was formerly in the colonial power of

Netherlands. This condition makes Indonesia as the

biggest archipelago country in the world. The

Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2006 mentioned that

the sum of Indonesian islands is 17.504. According

to UNCLOS paragraph 121 criteria, what is called

an island: ... It is a naturally formed area of land,

surrounded by water, which is above water at high

tide. In 2007 at the United Nations of Expert on

Geographical Names (UNEGN) meeting, Indonesia

presented a list of 4.918 identification and named

islands. Then in 2011, Indonesia registered 13.487

islands to the United Nations. The naming of islands

in Indonesia is based on the President Law Number

112 Year 2006 about the National Team of Name

Standardization of Earth Appearance. According to

Paragraph 47 verse (9) regulation UNCLOS, 1982, it

was stated that : The archipelagic State shall give

due publicity to such charts of lists of geographical

coordinates and shall deposit a copy of each such

chart or list with the Secretary-General of the United

Nations. Based on this regulation Indonesia

published Government Law Number 38 Year 2002

about the List of Geographical Coordinates Base

Line Points of Indonesian Islands, which was

revised with Government Law Number 37 Year

2008 related to the alteration of coordinate base line

points because of the separation of Sepadan and

Ligitan Islands. This geographical coordinate point

connects the base line of 92 outermost islands of

Indonesia. From the 92 outermost islands of

Indonesia, there are 12 islands that could potentially

cause ownership conflict of other countries, so the

Government of Indonesia saw that security is needed

upon those 12 islands, and one of the 12 islands is

the Berhala Island Serdang Bedagai in North

Sumatera province, which is located in Malaka strait

separating Indonesian and Malaysian waters first.

As an archipelago country, Indonesia achieved

affirmation upon its sovereignty degree towards

waters amongst its islands, which this kind of

thinking comes from ICJ verdict in 1951, in

Fisheries Case, where the Supreme Court by then

gave authority to pull a base line towards few

peripheral islands close to the mainland of

Norwegian (Root, 2016). Indonesia fought for its

status as an archipelago country through a long

history, starting from Djuanda Declaration in

December 13, 1957 followed by the inception of

Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang

(Perpu) Number 4 Year 1960 about Indonesian

Waters. The Djuanda Declaration is as follows: “In

which all surrounding waters, between and which

connects islands included in the Republic of

Indonesia mainland, not viewing its width and

length is an accepted part of The Republic of

Indonesia region and that so is a part of inland

waters or national waters that is below the

sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. The

determination of 12 mil sea boundary which is

measured from lines that connect the outermost

points of the islands of the Republic of Indonesia

will be determined by the constitution.” The Law

Convention of the United Nations in 1982, had

accepted the principle of the archipelago country, so

it could be said that United Nations Convention

about the Seas Law (UNCLOS, 1982) had played a

significantly important role towards the economical

and social improvement of people in the world,

parallel to the cause and principles that is contained

in the United Nations Charter, likely for the

sustainability of the building of the ocean and seas

(Dong Manh, 2006). But it is important to realize

that even though UNCLOS had created several clues

about the status of islands, continental base, closed

seas, territorial boundaries, but those clues could not

solve claim disputes upon territorial overlaps like in

the Southern China Seas territory (Hongfang, 2011).

This kind of worries should also push Indonesia to

be strict upon determining its territorial boundaries.

In specific, in the outermost small island clusters

which is made as the base line.

The Indonesian government attention towards

the outermost small islands is becoming more

intensive, at least learning from the experience of the

loss of Sepadan and Ligitan Island won by Malaysia

in the ICJ verdict in 2002. Because of that Indonesia

needs to give serious attention towards the outermost

islands, even though the possibility of ownership

The Management of Indonesia’s Outermost Small Islands as a National Strategic Region based on Eco Marine Tourism

1729

conflicts of Indonesia’s outermost islands which

were contained in geographical coordinate points

listed (PP 37 in 2008) is very small, but viewing

China’s manoeuvre in the waters of Natuna Islands,

reminds Indonesia to not be inadvertent in guarding

its outermost islands. Especially the potential of

mineral, marine and fisheries resources on thousands

of outermost and small islands are very large (Idris

et.al, 2007). But unfortunately the potential of

marine and fisheries on thousands of small islands

haven’t been managed maximally, especially

regarding to environmental and conservative

services. Having wide seas, long coasts, maritime

and marine sectors are very strategic to Indonesia

seen from economical and environmental, socio-

cultural, law and safety aspects. Until now these

sectors still lack attention compared to land sectors

(FRI-USU, 2015). The Reformation Era lead

President Gusdurto forms the Department of Marine

and Fisheries for the first time. In the present era of

President Joko Widodo, his aim is to make Indonesia

the Maritime Shaft of the World. One of the

seriousness that is made by President Joko Widodo

in his reign is to strengthen the position of maritime

or marine, by changing the structure of the

Government of Marine and Fishery, which orientates

more to the development of maritime, rather than

only focusing towards fisheries issues only.

A historical accident once happened when

systematically foreign nations successfully separated

the dimension synergy of agrarian and maritime,

manipulating and planting a certain way of thinking

that Indonesian nations should state that its identity

is an agrarian nation and forget its identity as a

maritime nation (Prosiding, 2006). It could be said

that since Indonesia’s independency, it has never

managed the competency of the Local Government

in sea spaces, coasts, and small islands. The

competency of the Local Government in the sea

spaces, coasts, and small islands emerged with the

Constitution Number 22 in 1999 about the Local

Government, by that assertion of authority caused

horizontal conflict between fishermen, to this day.

The paradigm shift of local government

management is constantly changing, and alongside

of the changes the local government’s ability to

adapt to respond to the changes is very slow

including the management towards the outermost

small islands. In the President SBY era various

regulations were issued related to the management

of the coast area and small islands, before

constitutional laws are enforced that could arrange

better and more comprehensively regarding the

outermost small islands.

3.1.1 The Regulation Regarding the

Outermost Small Islands

According to the facts, that the outermost small

islands contain potential maritime natural resources,

an outstanding environmental service, where the

opportunity to develop it into a business field is

really huge (Prosiding, 2009). But at the other side

the management of the outermost small islands

needs very large resources, especially regarding the

position of the outermost small islands located at the

front line in the border area. From 92 outermost

small islands that had become the border line of the

Indonesian waters, there are 31 populated islands.

The President Law (Peraturan Pemerintah;

PerPres) Number 78 in 2005 regarding the

Management of the Outermost Small Islands is a

regulation that was born as an anticipative step

before the Constitutional Law about The

Management of the Coast and Small Islands Number

27 in 2007 was born. According to PerPres Number

78 in 2005 it is said in Paragraph 2 that the purpose

of management of outermost small islands are: (a) to

preserve the integrity of Negara Kesatuan Republik

Indonesia (NKRI) region, the national security, the

country and nation defense, and also create regional

stability, (b) using natural resources for continuous

building, and (c) to empower society to increase

welfare. PerPres Number 78 in 2005 is an

anticipative step before Indonesia had a guideline to

manage the outermost small islands. Noting the

purpose of managing the outermost small islands

according to this PerPres, it is clearly stated that one

of them is associated with maintaining the regional

stability. By then the management of the outermost

small islands prevents conflict to happen with other

countries, moreover the countries that is

immediately adjacent to numerous outermost small

islands of Indonesia. From the defense and safety

aspect, this outermost small islands need not only to

be guarded from possible claims from other

countries, but the small islands need to be guarded

from possible uses of crime such as smuggling,

pirates, narcotics, human trafficking and other forms

of crime. Another purpose of the management of the

outermost small islands is to empower the natural

resources to sustainable development. This purpose

could be done by making the outermost small

islands rich of environmental services potential as a

marine tourism region. Fully sovereign rights

towards the outermost small islands could be used to

encourage the development of sea based future

(KKP, 2014).

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Since Indonesia has given fairly high attention

towards the huge maritime potential, alongside grew

also laws that is given to empower the small islands

and the outermost small islands, A few laws related

to small islands are as follows.

Law Number 27 in 2007 about the

Management of Coast and Small Islands

One of the considerations of Constitution Law

Number 27 in 2007 about the Management of Coast

and Small Islands is that the coast and small islands

have several high potential natural resources, and it

is very important for the development of social,

economy, cultural, environmental, and the buffering

of sovereignty of a nation, hence it needs to be

managed continuously and be global in sighted, by

being concern towards the people’s aspiration and

participation, and the nation value according to the

national law norm.

The purpose of the management of the coast

region and small islands according to this

constitution law is : (a) to protect, conserve,

rehabilitate, use, and enrich the coast and small

islands resources and also their ecological system

continuously, (b) to create a harmony and synergy

between the government and the local government in

managing the coast and small islands resources, (c)

strengthening the role of the people and government

institutions and also pushing the people’s initiative

in managing the coast and small island resources to

achieve equality, balance, and sustainability, (d)

enhancing the social, economic, and society cultural

values through society participation in the usage of

coast and small islands resources.

The Constitution Law Number 27 in 2007

contained a breakthrough that is given as an effort to

accelerate the society well-being living in the coast

and small islands, by regulating the governance of

Rights of Cultivating Water Coast (Hak

Pengusahaan Perairan Pesisir) or usually known as

HP-3. HP-3 in general is an assurance given by the

country to the society towards the rights to manage

the water column in the coast and small islands that

is identical to cultivation of soil on the mainland.

With rights like this the society are given the right to

cultivate water columns just as cultivating a piece of

land, and so by that rights in the coast that is reigned

by the society could be given rights to be altered and

also other rights.

This condition made strong reactions from

various elements of the society, especially the

activists and observers of traditional fishermen’s

lives and cultural society rights, that regards the

giving of HP-3 will give opportunities for private

parties and capital owners to exploit the coast and

small islands regions. In contrary the cultural

society, locals and fishermen, especially traditional

fishermen will not have access towards HP-3

because they do not have the ability to master HP-3.

This problem is then brought by people who are

against HP-3 to the realm of law by proposing

Judicial Review to the Constitutional Court. By the

Constitutional Court the demand of HP-3

elimination is granted in the Constitutional Court

decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010.

One of the base of consideration by the

Constitutional Court lawyer is the presence of HP-3

will issue private practice in the water and coast, and

will make the economical status in that region not to

be prepared as joint ventures based on familial

principles as contained in Chapter 33 verse (1) UUD

1945. This could potentially cause carved up waters

and cause loss of responsibility of the nation towards

coast society, the loss of the sea as a common

access, the loss of collectively of economic waters

and coast that is manufactured and used by cultural,

traditional, and local societies. Referring to the

Constitutional Court Decision Number 001, 021,

022/PUU-I/2003 on 15 December 2004 relating to

the meaning of “over powered by the country” only

meant as a private ownership by the country, then it

is insufficient to achieve the purpose of “for the

people’s welfare”.

Law Number 32 in 2014 about the Marine

One of the Constitution laws that also manage small

islands is constitution law number 32 in 2014. This

law is made for an effort to create a comprehensive

regulation regarding the management of the marine.

In the Constitution Law Number 32 in 2014 it is said

that the marine is anything related to the sea and/or

activities in the sea region that covers the seabed and

the land below it, water columns and water surfaces,

including the coast and small islands. Besides that

the constitution law number 32 in 2014 also

regulates upon the economical policy which also

makes the marine as a basis of the economic

building. The basis of the marine economic building

is prioritized to the coast society. Constitution law

number 32 in 2014 stated that the management and

usage of coast and small island resources are done

with planning, usage, surveillance, and controlling

activities.

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Law Number 23 in 2014 about Local

Government

Law Number 23 in 2014 about Local Government is

the law that replaces Constitution Law Number 32 in

2004 about the Local Government. In Constitution

Law Number 23 in 2014 contains arrangement about

the division of government affairs between the

Central Government and the Local Government

(Province and District/City). One of the division

affairs relates to the affair of marine and fishery. In

Chapter 9 of Constitution Law Number 23 in 2014

divides the government affairs into three, which are

absolute government affairs, concurrent government

affairs, and general government affairs. Absolute

government affairs are governmental affairs that are

fully becoming the authority of the Central

Government, such as: foreign policy, defense,

security, judicial, monetary and fiscal, and religion.

Concurrent government affairs are government

affairs that are divided between the Central

Government and the Province and the District/City

region. The marine and fishery which the small

islands become the integral part is the affair of

selected government, but in the management it is

only divided between the Central Government and

the Province region. In other words, the District/City

Government does not have the authority towards the

management of seas, coasts, and small islands

regions.

In this study is found that the diversion of

authority in the maintenance of the marine, coasts,

and small islands, causes problems in the field, such

as: (1) Constitution Law Number 27 in 2007 about

the Management of Coast and Small islands instructs

District/City Government to set the plan of zoning

coasts and small islands regions in the Local

Regulation. In this context, until the Constitution

Law Number 23 in 2014 about Local Government

has been enacted, not all District/City Government

in North Sumatera has constructed the Planning of

Zoning the Coast and Small Island Regions. To

areas where the constitution law about the local

government is enacted is still constructing the

planning of zoning the coast and small island

regions, do not continue the process of constructing

this zoning planning because they have no more

authority towards the sea, coast, and small islands,

except towards the development of traditional

fishermen. (2) In general the District/City

government when still enacting the previous

constitution law of local government does its

authority towards coast and small island regions, but

with the regulation of Constitution Law Number 23

in 2014, they stopped the activities and programs of

managing the small islands. In this study the

Government of Serdang Bedagai District who has

been managing the Berhala Island which became the

region of this study has stopped activities and

programs in Berhala Island. Serdang Bedagai

District had had the Local Regulation Number 12 in

2006 about the Management of Berhala Island as an

Eco Marine Tourism Region. Now the Government

of Serdang Bedagai District has stopped all activities

relating to Berhala Island Serdang Bedagai; (3) In

the other side there is no clarity of how the handover

and transition of the authority in the government in

the field of marine, coast and small islands had been

done that makes these authorities also not done by

the province government. In the context of Berhala

Island that is the object of this study, the Province

Government of North Sumatera has not done many

things in relation to the presence of Berhala Island.

The other aspects that could not be found in this

study is related to the changing of the Central

Government (The president and its Cabinets) gives

an impact towards the region’s ability to adapt

towards the structural change of the Marine and

Fishery Government in the Central stage. Before the

Law of Marine and Fishery Government of

Indonesia Number 23/PERMEN-KP/2015 about

Organization and the Working Procedure of Marine

and Fishery Government, the management of coast

and small island regions was in one Directorate

General, which is the Marine, Coast and Small

Islands DG, as is regulated in the Law of Marine and

Fishery Minister Number: PER.15/MEN/2010 about

the Organization and the Working Procedure of the

Marine and Fishery Minister. Now the management

of small islands is below the Directorate General of

Management of Marine Space that consists of

Marine Spatial Planning Directorate, Utilization of

Coastal Directorate, Utilization of Small Islands

Directorate, Marine Directorate and Conservation

and Marine Biodiversity Directorate. Based upon the

interview with Ibu Erna dewi The Head of

Management of Coast and Small Islands Agency of

Fishery and Marine of North Sumatera Province,

until now the Agency of Fishery and Marine are still

using the old nomenclature. It means that there has

not been any adaptation towards the organization in

the central stage.

3.1.2 The Presence of Berhala Island as an

Eco Marine Tourism Region

The development of Berhala Island Serdang Bedagai

as an eco marine tourism region has a good prospect

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

1732

seen from the point of view of the society

involvement in the management. The district of

Serdang Bedagai as the district that has the authority

in managing the Berhala Island had launched Perda

Number 12 in 2006 about Management of Berhala

Island as an Eco Marine Tourism. By determining

Berhala Island as an Eco Marine Tourism, it is only

left on how the plan is executed. Berhala Island is

actually a region consisting of three islands, each

island with its own uniqueness. Berhala Island

(Main) has montage topography with dense forests

and white clean beaches. The topography consists of

hills and stony corners those projects to the sea, with

only one side of the island with a sloping beach. The

coastline of the Berhala island ± 700 m with most of

the beaches are clusters of large stones. Beach sands

between Berhala Island and Sokong Nenek Island is

the place of Turtle Hatching. Coral reefs located

around Berhala Island are generally young coral

reefs that need to be preserved.

In the Berhala Island there is a Primary Forest

which has very old aged trees. Big trees such as

Rengat, Jeluntung, and Meranti decorate the island

with the area of ± 40,351 Ha. In the forest, lives

various animals such as Napu (a kind of Mouse

Deer), Biawak, Turtle, Snakes, and various other

creatures. This forest is the buffer of availability of

fresh water in this area. The water sourcing from the

roots of the trees and rocks are very clean and clear

with a very good quality of water. Many fishermen

who sails around Malaka Strait always comes to this

Island to take freshwater supplies.

Besides the charm of the forest and rock

panorama, Berhala Island is also surrounded by a

coral reef belt. Various kinds of coral reefs are

located in the Berhala Island region.

In the Berhala Island region, various fishes still

could be found near the rocky waters. In the coral

reefs, mostly reef fishes are found such as kakatua,

kwe, kerapu, and tenggiri. The coral beach and the

blue-greenish water surrounding the Berhala is rich

upon sea biota. Not only fishes, but also clams,

snails, squids, even salted water crabs could easily

be found around Berhala waters. In the depth of 9

meters, the base of the sea could still be seen clearly.

Behind that clearness, one colorful garden awaits.

Algae, seaweed, and also colourful coral reefs those

are still whole. Between them, fishes with various

sizes cluster, shimmies and makes specific

movements, these various sized and colour fishes are

not easily disturbed by the presence of human

beings. This is also supported by the sea biota

collection that is also unique and rare such as ketam

kelapa, kima raksasa, and ikan bulu ayam. Diving

activities that could reach 9 meters could be done

using diving utensils.

From the infrastructure readiness, the presence of

Berhala Island Serdang Bedagai has to get a special

attention from the Central Government, North

Sumatera Province Government, and the people of

Tanjung Beringin district, the access to Berhala

Island is usually from the dock of TPI in Bagan

Kuala Village, District Tanjung Berinign. Until now

there is still no safe and comfortable transportation

that could be used by tourists heading to Berhala

Island. With a relatively expensive tourism package,

Berhala Island Serdang Bedagai is being sold by a

few travel agents using Boat Cepat transportation

that is managed by the manager of Siba Island in

Belawan. From Belawan using a fast boat, Berhala

Island could be reached by 2 hours journey from

Belawan dock.

Other alternatives that could be used by tourists

heading to Berhala Island is through the roadway

from Medan to Tanjung Beringin with 2-3 hours

journey from Medan. Then from TPI Tanjung

Beringin Dock the visitors could head to the island

using a boat or a fishermen boat with various sizes,

with a 3-4 hours journey. Because the fishermen

boats are not prepared for tourism purposes, the

image is far from safe and comfortable. Even so, to

minimize the risk of fatal accidents in the sea, by the

people who give services of visits to Berhala Island,

life jackets are provided to all passengers that are

sailing towards Berhala Island with one life jacket

rental of IDR. 10.000,-

Other procedures that all visitors of Berhala

Island have to do are telling the Sea Security station

in Tanjung Beringin to be continued to the TNI-AL

Safety Station that is stationed in Berhala Island.

With the position of a National Strategic Region

from Defence and Safety aspect, the Berhala Island

is still guarded by TNI-AI and TNI-AD

intermittently.

A few activities could be done by visitors in

Berhala Island such as: snorkelling, diving, fishing,

fun games with water and other activities. A few

facilities in Berhala Islands are: Stager (boat

landing) that is built by the District Government of

Serdang Bedagai, Jalan Lingkungan which connects

until the ladder to arrive at a lighthouse managed by

the Navigation Director General of Sea, Minister of

Communication RI. In the present in Berhala Island

some buildings has been built that could be used for

resting places for visitors. As for consumption,

usually the visitors have prepared before departure.

According to the observation from this study a

lot of things need to be fixed if Berhala Island as a

The Management of Indonesia’s Outermost Small Islands as a National Strategic Region based on Eco Marine Tourism

1733

National Strategic Region is to be used as a tourist

destination in North Sumatera. In the planning of

Induk Pembangunan Kepariwisataan in the Province

of North Sumatera, Berhala Island region is included

in the tourism destination area (Destinasi Pariwisata

Daerah – DPD) in the eastern coast of North

Sumatera that consists of a few Strategic Regions of

Local Tourism (Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata

Daerah – KSPD) such as : (a) KSPD Kampai Island

and its surroundings; (b) KSPD Tanjung Pura and its

surroundings; (c) KSPD Karang Gading, Langkat

Timur Laut; (d) KSPD Belawan; (f) KSPD Percut;

(g) KSPD Pantai Cermin; (h) KSPD Pantai Labu; (i)

KSPD Nagalawan; (j) KSPD Berhala Sedang

Bedagai Island; (k) KSPD Pandang Island and Salah

Nama Island;

All KSPD mentioned above is a destination that

has prospect to be developed as a tourist destination

in the local scale as well as national scale. From the

tourism building aspect is needed approaches related

to: tourism destination, tourism industry, tourism

marketing, and tourism institution. In the relation

towards the development of Berhala Island as a

National Strategic Region as well as a tourism

destination as an eco marine tourism, it needs a lot

of stakeholder involvements, starting from the

Central Government, Local Government, tourism

businesses, local society, universities, and also other

parties including TNI as a guard of the outermost

islands.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Berhala Island’s status as a national strategic region

in North Sumatera from the upholding sovereignty

of NKRI needs special attention, as Berhala Island

Serdang Bedagai is one of the 12 outermost Islands

of Indonesia that is endangered of claims, and as a

result of high sailing activities in Malaka Strait. In

this unpopulated island if not guarded specially

could be used by groups of national or foreigners to

do crime, such as piracy, smuggling, and so on. The

appointment of Berhala Serdang Bedagai as KSN is

very appropriate and by that effective steps need to

be done to show international society the effectives

occupation as a real proof of Berhala Serdang

Bedagai belonging to Indonesia. Placement of

Security Forces of the Outermost Islands TNI-AL

who are in Berhala Serdang Begadai Island is still

needed to maintain the sovereignty of NKRI.

The chances of management of Berhala Island

Serdang Bedagai as a national strategic region from

the defense and security aspect, in the other side

could be used as a eco marine tourism region by

TNI-AL could be accepted and in the TNI-AL

doctrine the more society involved in securing a

region, the better it is. Putting Berhala Island

Serdang Bedagai as Eco Marine Tourism is also

correct, because of how much nature appeal and

nautical tourism charm provided in the island.

Conservation steps that has to be done to support

the ecosystem environment of Berhala Island

Serdang Bedagai has been done by the District

Government of Serdang Bedagai Island by

Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

Number 12 in 2006 about management of Berhala

Serdang Bedagai as a Eco Marine Tourism region

that is supported by various laws as written in

National Region Spatial Planning, Province Region

Spatial Planning, and District Region Spatial

Planning. The conservation area in Berhala Island

Serdang Bedagai needs to be supported by forming

Kawasan Konservasi Laut daerah (KKLD) which is

organized in The North Sumatera Province Local

Law Number 5 in 2008 about Management of Coast

and Small Islands. The Primary forest in Berhala

Island with various flora and fauna needs to be

maintained. The unique animal in Berhala Island

that needs to be conserved is Penyu Belimbung that

has its captivity in Berhala Island.

Berhala Island Serdang Bedagai in the

development of regional tourism in North Sumatera

has been appointed as Strategic Regions of Local

Tourism (Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Daerah –

KSPD) in tourism destination area (Destinasi

Pariwisata Daerah – DPD) in the East Region of

North Sumatera that started from Pulang Kampai

and surroundings in the district of Langkat until

Sikantan Island in the district of Labuhanbatu.

Berhala Serdang Bedagai as KSPD in the Rencana

Induk Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Daerah

(RIPPARDA) in the North Sumatera Province could

be the base of development in the coast and small

islands which the authority has been given to the

Province Government in the Constitutional Law

Number 23 of 2014 about Local Government

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank the Research and Service

Institute of Universitas Sumatera Utara who

supported the research program of fiscal year 2016

under BPPTN Scheme.

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

1734

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