Morphological Study on Marchantia emarginata Reinw, Blume et

Nees in North Sumatra Indonesia

Etti Sartina Siregar

*, Nursahara Pasaribu

and Muhammad Zaidun Sofyan

Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara Jl. Bioteknologi No.1

Kampus USU Padang Bulan Medan-20155, Indonesia, Telp.061-8223564

Keywords: Marchantia, morphological characters, North Sumatra.

Abstract: Morphological characters of Marchantia emarginata Reinw., Blume et Nees. from North Sumatra has not

been detailed reported. The study aims to describe the morphological variation of Marchantia emarginata

from North Sumatra. Samples were collected by exploring some areas in North Sumatra. Morhological

characters were observed under binocular microscope at Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy, Department of

Biology, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Morphological variations were found on dorsal surface of thallus,

color of thallus margin, appendix of ventral scale of thallus, and dorsal surface of female receptacles.

Detailed morphological description and figures are provided.

1 INTRODUCTION

Marchantia is a genus of complex thalloid liverwort

class marchantiopsida. the genus marchantia is

easily recognized by some characteristics: 1)

gemmae on dorsal of thallus which are developed in

cup-like receptacles, 2) many pores on dorsal

thallus, 3) ventral scales in 4-10 rows (Gradstein,

2011). The genus is almost cosmopolitan, occurring

in regions with humid climates in moist to wet

habitats, often occur in anthropogenic habitats (Ho,

2013).

Marchantia has a very important ecological and

economical role in life. Ecologically Marchantia

grows as a pioneer plant on bare soil, reducing

erosion with the ability to withstand high rainfall,

water storage in tropical ecosystems, pollution

indicator, and serve as shelter to other organisms.

Economically, Marchantia is important for medicine

for liver, lung disease, ulcers, and can be used as an

antiseptic (Bischler-Causse, 1989; Glime, 2007;

Savaroglu et al., 2011).

The genus Marchantia is represented by 36

species found in the world, which are 15 of them

found in Indonesia; 8 species in Java and 7 species

in Sumatra collected from West Sumatra (Bischler-

Causse, 1989). The first published record of

Marchantia in North Sumatra was reported by

Siregar et al. (2013), who reported 7 species from

Sibayak Forest. One of the species Marchantia

reported from North Sumatra is Marchantia

emarginata. The species has a wide morphological

variations in vegetative and generative organs

(Siregar et al., 2013). However, the variation of

morphological characters of Marchantia emarginata

from North Sumatra has not been detailed reported.

This data is needed to know the species concept and

delimitation in order to identify the species

correctly.

2 METHODS

Explorations were carried out along the tracks of six

locations, Sibayak Forest, Brastagi, Taman Hutan

Raya Bukit Barisan, Taman Eden 100 Natural Park,

Tinggi Raja Conservation Area, Aek Nauli Parapat

Natural Forest, Mount Sibuatan Simalungun, and

Sicike-cike National Park. Sample were collected

from many substrats including soil, rocks, and river

bank. A camera was used for documentation in the

field.

Specimens found should be cleaned as well

as possible and excessive substrate removed,

collected, put into plastic with watered tissue. In

order to dry the samples, the field collecting should

be placed open on a table or floor in a dry place, the

paper replaced daily. Upon returning from the field,

Siregar, E., Pasaribu, N. and Sofyan, M.

Morphological Study on Marchantia emarginata Reinw, Blume et Nees in North Sumatra Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0010101810731075

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1073-1075

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

1073

all information gathered on the specimens must be

written in the field notebook (Gradstein, 2011). The

specimens collected were identified based on

morphological characters, using Bischler-Causse

(1989) in concept and species delimitation.

Trinocular microscope was used to examinate the

specimens. All specimens are deposited in

Herbarium MEDA Department Biology, Universitas

Sumatera Utara. Morphological characters observed

are: thallus (color, median band of dorsal surface,

ventral scales, appendix of ventral scales), gemma

cup, female and male receptacle (shape, lobes,

margin of lobes).

3 RESULTS

Marchantia emarginata Reinw., Blume et Nees.

Thallus with dichotomous branches, dorsal

surface of thallus has variation, some with median

band or without median band on the others (Fig.1A-

B), small to medium size. Thallus with hyaline

margin or reddish to purplish, margins entire, or

slightly crisped (Fig. 1C-D). Ventral surface of

thallus purplish or reddish, at least in median

portion; median scales purplish; appendage purplish,

sometimes light red, ovate; apex acute or apiculate,

marginal teeth usually 2 (3)-cells long, often curved

towards base of appendage, marginal cell often

lighter in colour (Fig.2C-D). Cupules (margin of

gemma cup) with short cilia, 1-4 (5) cells long, l-2

cells wide basally (Fig. 2A). Female receptacles are

straight or curved toward the base of

archegoniophore stalk; lobes varies from 5-13;

dorsal surface flat or with indistinct to distinct

rounded median projection, slightly asymmetric to

symmetric (Fig 3A-C). Apex of receptacle lobes

varies from emarginate, truncate or sometimes

rounded. Involucres hyaline to reddish; margin

entire (Fig.3D). Antheridiophore at apex of main

thallus. Male receptacle deeply dissected when

mature (Fig. 3E).

Ecology: soil, rocks (moist, damp or wet,

shaded, semi-exposed places, riversides, creeks)

Geographical distribution: Andaman and

Nicobar Island, Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak), China,

Guam, India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Lesser

Sunda Island, Bali, Moluccas, Irian jaya), Japan,

Korea, Malaysia, Marianas, New Guinea, New

Britain, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Solomon Island,

Thailand (Bischler-Causse, 1989; Bischler-Causse

and Piippo,1991; Song and Yamada, 2006; Lai et

al., 2008; Chuah-Petiot, 2011; Sinh and Singh,

2012).

Figure 1. Vegetative organ of Marchantia emarginata, A-

B: dorsal surface of thallus (A. Without median band, B.

With median band, C-D: thallus margin (C. Hyaline, D.

Reddish).S

Figure 2. Vegetative organ of Marchantia emarginata, A.

Cupules of gemma cup, B. Pore of dorsal surface of

thallus, C-D. Shows the variation of median scales of

ventral scales.

Figure 3. Generative organ of Marchantia emarginata, A-

C. Shows the variaton of female receptacles (A-B. dorsal

surface with distinct rounded median projection; C, dorsal

surface flat or with indistinct median projection), F.

Spores.

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

1074

4 CONCLUSIONS

Morphological variations were found on dorsal surface of

thallus, color of thallus margin, appendix of ventral scale

of thallus, and dorsal surface of female receptacles.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are grateful to Ministry of research and

technology and Higher education for financial

support of fundamental research, through the

“DRPM with contract number:

1140A/UN5.1.R/PPM/2018”. We also would like to

thank the team work who collect the specimen on

the field.

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