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6 RELATED WORK
In the literature, there are some works that propose
patterns to deal with problems in data exchange sce-
narios. For example, (Ritze et al., 2009) propose pat-
terns to detect correspondences between classes and
properties; (Sv
´
ab-Zamazal et al., 2009) and (Scharffe
et al., 2014) propose patterns to deal with the trans-
formation of ontology to another (named the ontology
alignment problem).
Defining correspondences between classes and
properties is not the same as defining how an onto-
logy can be filled from another. This means that it
is not enough we identify the correspondences bet-
ween the terms of different ontologies, we need to
specify how exactly a resource can be added from
other ontology(ies). In fact, in other scenarios (for
example schema mapping) correspondences are used
as the first step in approaches to load a schema ba-
sed on data from other schemas. Therefore, none of
these works presents a complete solution to the pro-
blem described in this paper.
In (Scharffe et al., 2014), for example, the aut-
hors focus on ontology mediation, which lies in the
specification of correspondences between ontology
terms. Their correspondences differ from our map-
pings since that they must be valid both side of the
matching (in our mappings the assigned is from the
source to the target only). Their solution is not enough
to be used in our context because the authors do not
really show how an instance of one ontology can be
transformed in an instance of another. In (Rivero
et al., 2012), the authors present RDF to RDF map-
ping patterns (the same context of our patterns), ho-
wever, different of our work, their paper only shows
the definition of the problem included in each pattern
and some examples, none solution is discussed to re-
solve them.
7 CONCLUSION
This paper presented a proposal to semi-automatically
generate R2R mappings using mapping patterns. The
solution presented in the pattern allows the users not
only specify mappings between terms of two ontolo-
gies in a clear and concise way but provides a map-
ping that is ready to be used in the real scenarios.
Although mapping patterns seem to be complex for a
normal user, they group the most common problems
that a designer must encounter when he/she is defi-
ning mappings between ontologies. Because mapping
problems are catalogued and there are examples in
each mapping pattern, it is easier to identify and find
a solution for each situation.
We have implemented a tool, named RBA (Vi-
nuto, 2017), for helping the designer in the process of
definition of the mappings, which uses the proposed
patterns. We have tested our approach in some toy ex-
amples, but we intend to make some experiments for
measure the time needed for the creation of the map-
ping patterns in order to determine whether the effort
in creating the MAs is higher than the creation of the
actual R2R mappings.
As a future work, we intend to carry out a deep
study to show how our proposal is generally useful in
different use cases of R2R and to carry out a detailed
comparison with other state-of-the-art tools.
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