The Impact of Illegal Mining toward Sand Miners’ Society
Suwarno Suwarno and Pamadya Vitasmoro
Political and Social Science Faculty Kadiri University, Jalan Selomangleng no. 1 Kediri city, Indonesia
Keywords: Illegal mining, policy, sand miners.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to find out the change of sand miners because of the changes of job as the
result of illegal mining policy. The research is qualitative research, especially using phenomenology
perspective. The subject is the society of Brantas river’s area, Semampir, Banjarmlati, and Jongbiru. The
researcher uses participation observation and deep interview to collect the research’ data. Triangulation data,
such as check, recheck, and cross check, and then it analyze by using objectivity, neutralization, and
externalization. The grand theory used to find out the research problem is the theory about Social Changes of
Robert H Lauear and Usual theory of Pierre Bourdeau as the supported theory. The result of the research:
First, there is a change of sand miners, from sand miners into sellers, home industries, etc. Second, a change
of norm and job value, So, it can be concluded that the implementation of illegal mining policy is the right
step to cover’s area conserve the river’s environment and also create a better job and life pattern.
1 INTRODUCTION
Mostly, the job of society in the Brantas River’s area
of Semampir, Jongbiru, and Banjarmlati Kediri is
sand miners. In the early time, they get a job with
bojong system. Bojong is a traditional sand miners,
then develop into mechanic system. It causes the
deeper of riverbed, riverbank, and the eroded of
building foundation in the river. (Muhammad
Fathurrohman, 2012).
Sand miners in Yangtze River makes the worries
hole in the dumbed and unstable riverbank widely.
(Zhuo-fu WANG, Ji-yong DING, Gao-sheng YANG.
2012). The development mining in Afrika also makes
the economy bigger improvement, but also makes
bigger threatening for environment and biodiversity
(Erasmus H. Owusu
a
Benjamin Y. Ofori
ab
Daniel K.
Attuquayefio
a
. 2017).
Basically, illegal mining is supposed as the causes
of chaos and illegality as Nancy Lee Peluso. 2018
said that a While development practitioners, agrarian
scholars, and government officials represent mining
sites as chaotic and lacking institutional order.The
environment damage is another effect of mining
although the mining itself gives big contribution
significantly. (Samuel Boadi
a
Collins AyineNsor
b
Osei Owusu Antobre
c
Emmanuel Acquah
d
, Journal of
Sustainable Mining. 2016). The mining has the
responsibility for the company and culture. (Angus
MacInnes, Marcus Colchester, Andrew
Whitmore.2017). The lead mining makes supported
coastal ecosystem such as mangrove cannot play the
role normally (Suci Puspita Sari, Dwi Rosalina.
2015).
The condition of Brantas river got a serious
damage and dangerous for river’s infrastructure. (The
agreement of KLH, Satpol PP dan Disperidtamben
Kota Kediri, Iriani, Diniyya Bahtiar, Rizal.2013).
Realizing this condition, Kediri Government issues
the policy about Illegal Mining.Every policy has its
impact, positive and negative based on the social
change (Suwarno, 2012). The illegal mining policy
makes many challenging because it related with the
job’s mastery and a habit. (Sadia Mohammed
Banchirigah, 2007)
The purpose of this research is to find out the
change of sand miners because of the changes of job
as the result of illegal mining policy.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sand miners is a job cause of the environment. The
condition of Brantas river- water supply, so the
society of Brantas River suppose the river as the life
source. Pierre Bourdieu, a French sociologist has big
influence in theory and research about the culture.
That is why, Mudji Sutrisno and Hendar Putranto
Suwarno, S. and Vitasmoro, P.
The Impact of Illegal Mining toward Sand Miners’ Society.
In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (ANCOSH 2018) - Revitalization of Local Wisdom in Global and Competitive Era, pages 71-73
ISBN: 978-989-758-343-8
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
71

(2005:180-183), explain the concept of usual from
Pierre Bourdieu below: usual concept as :the empiric
tendency for special life style, motivation, preference,
likeness, emotion, culture, social skills and capability,
the aspiration and hopes related with life style and
career, the knowledge about ambition, motivation,
knowledge, skills, routinely, and strategy to make the
lower status (inferior), the statement of different
aspect that the habit is a changeable disposition based
on the situation.
Robert H. Lauer (2003) in his concept about social
changes explain that: Government as the change
supporter for doing all development to create the
modern society, Government is the main source of
changes and government plays the role to create the
easier the economy development passively, for
example issues the policy about the social stability
and support all trade development and industries of
private company.
3 RESEARCH METHOD
It is qualitative method, especially used
phenomenology perspective. The subject is the
society of Banjarmlati, Semampir, and Jongbiru
(purposive). Participation observation and deep
interview is done to find out the data. This research
used qualitative approach, especially phenomenology
perspective. The subject is the society in Banjarmlati
village, Semampir, and Jongbiru Village, Kediri,
Indonesia, (purposive). Triangulation is done to fulfill
the accurately such as: check, re check, and cross
check, and then it analyze by using interactive
analyze technique.
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Illegal mining in Brantas River makes some problems
such as: worries, and anger. It caused of many things
unfinished yet such as the credit of house, car,
students school bank debt, etc. All the problem is
caused their job as the sand miners is stopped. That is
why the implementation of illegal mining policy has
purpose to manage or stop the policy of illegal
mining.
After many times getting demonstration finally
the agreement is gotten:
The illegal mining policy is still done by
government.
The government carries out the training of many
skills, giving the venture capital and marketing
strategies.
The government is giving the skills such as:
trading the vegetables and many things, making the
concrete brick, and fishery in the pond fish.
Based on this agreement, the sand miners start
their new jobs with their new skills and the venture
capital from the government, so they can still survive
with their new jobs.
Getting a new job is the impact of illegal mining
policy. Commonly, the social, economy and culture
also changes because of job’s changing. The
government also help them to market their product.
The phenomena changes as the result of society
adaptation toward the job’s changing and its impact
also into the life style changes and norm and values
changes of society.
The changing of job, life style, habit, value, norm
in the sand miners ‘s society is not the society’s
wanted. But these changes happened because of the
force and government’s program. The government
has the authority to manage tits area. It is based on the
central change’s theory (Robert H Lauear. 2003).
The job’s changing in mining community of
Andean meaning will create the serious changes of
gender, race, and social class level. (Kelsey A.Brain,
2017 in The Extractive Industries and Society Volume
4, Issue 2, April 2017, Pages 410-418). The statement
of Kelsey A Brian in his research strengthen the
theory of Pierre Bourdieu. The kind of job makes the
new habit, create new value and new norm as the
result of the job is done. Besides creating work’s
motivation, behavior, skills, the government also
cooperate with the society’s public figure to create the
peaceful and harmony in society.
5 CONCLUSIONS
Illegal mining makes an irregular and damage of the
environment, so the decision of government for
issuing the policy about Illegal Mining is suitable
enough. Brantas River is getting better after many
ways is done by the government such as the training,
socialization, and development programs. The
contradictive condition changes into jobs changing,
life style, habit, and norm.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We acknowledged the informant who’s giving the
information about the phenomena of the society in
Brantas river area. We also acknowledge to the all
person whose help us during the process of finishing
this research
ANCOSH 2018 - Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
72

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