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Hardy and Reyes in Sobur (2011), information
coming from sensory organs, and it needs to be first
organized and interpreted before being understood;
and this process is called perception. In addition,
along with the information given by health
personnel, it will be able to improve the knowledge
of the mother about initiation of early breastfeeding
that they are expected to initiate breastfeeding early.
According to Notoadmojo (2008) the factors that
influence knowledge are age. Age affects the
capability and mindset of a person. The older the
ability to process information and mindset are more
developed. Based on the above description, we
assume that pregnant women < 20 years old (high
risk age during pregnancy) have not been able to
capture and understand information about early
breastfeeding initiation because it is their first
pregnancy. This is the reason why age relates with
the perceptions about EBI.
A person's education level would greatly affect
the person's response to something that comes from
outside (Rusnita, 2008). Knowledge is closely
related to education. It is expected that someone
with higher education to be more knowledgeable.
Several studies have found that early breast-feeding
frequency is higher among educated people (Setegn,
et al., 2011). The 13 respondents with junior and
elementary school education level had negative
perceptions about the EBI. This is due to lack of
knowledge and ability in perceiving the information
obtained about early breastfeeding initiation. In
addition, there were some pregnant women who
claimed they have never received information about
EBI. In accordance with the opinion of Sunaryo
(2004), a person who has never obtained information
about an object, would have worse perception than
the individual who has obtained previous
information.
Parity also affects the perceptions of EBI.
Pregnant women with primiparous & multiparous
parity have a greater positive perception. This is due
to the experience of pregnant women with previous
deliveries. It is in line with Rakhmat’s (2007)
opinion that experience will affect one's perception,
Leathers in Sobur (2011) also proves that experience
would help a person improve perceptual ability.
Experience is not always obtained through formal
learning process, and experience increases through
sequence of events ever encountered. Mothers who
already have children can have a better perception of
early breastfeeding initiation than mothers who have
no children. This is related to the experience of
mothers who had given birth and breastfeeding the
baby before.
A significant positive perception was obtained
from respondents with a history of normal delivery,
in which Roesli (2012) stated that early
breastfeeding should be performed in all deliveries.
Especially in normal delivery and assisted by trained
health personnel. It is because in normal delivery, a
maternal mother does not have physical or
psychological problems so as not to deny the baby is
placed on her chest. The baby condition must be
healthy so as to be able to find the mother's nipple
actively and independently.
Meanwhile, initiation of early breastfeeding is
not given because to mothers with section caesarean
delivery considering that the baby will be handed to
the pediatrician for further treatment. Thus, the baby
will lose skin contact with its mother in a rather long
time until the examination conducted by the medical
personnel is complete. Once finished, the baby also
needs to wait the process of sewing surgical wound
completed. The cold operating room temperature
causes no early initiation of breastfeeding. To
anticipate, the baby is immediately blanketed and
taken to the nursery. This is supported by the results
of research Lebang. MT, 2009 in Priscilla, 2011 that
babies are born with drugs and postponed skin
contact with his mother.
The pregnancy age determines how often
pregnant women should visit a health center to
check up. According to the health department of
Indonesia, the examination of pregnancy is
conducted 4 times during 3 trimester of pregnancy
for normal pregnancy. Frequency of pregnancy
check-up can increase in trimester 2 and 3 trimester
to have early detection shall there are abnormalities
in the pregnancy. The increasing frequency of
pregnancy examination is expected that pregnant
women increasingly have positive perception to EBI
because more and more get information from health
officer. However, based on statistical calculations
performed in the study, gestational age does not
relate with the perception of pregnant women about
EBI.
Occupation is a factor that affects knowledge.
Assessed from the type of occupation which requires
extensive human interaction, it is found that they are
more knowledgeable compared to one whose
occupation does not require extensive human
interaction. The learning experience provides
professional knowledge and skills as well as the
decision making in accordance with scientific and
ethical reasoning (Sirajuddin, et al., 2013). Yet, the
calculation showed that the occupation of pregnant
women does not relate with the perception towards
EBI.
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