The Level of Leukocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes

in Mice (Mus musculus) on Post-Inoculation of Trypanosoma evansi

Marek Yohana Kurniabudhi

, Era Hari Mudji

, Rini Fajarwati

1,3

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University of Surabaya

Keywords: Trypanosoma, Leukocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes.

Abstract: Surra is a disease that has an economic impact because it has a wide geographical distribution and is able to

infect various domestic and wild mammals, causing death. This disease makes livestock productivity,

causes milk and meat production to drop, makes carcass quality poor, reduces production performance, and

requires high cost for treatment. This study aims to determine the level of leukocytes, eosinophils,

monocytes, and lymphocytes of mice inoculated with Trypanosoma evansi. The results are presented in a

descriptive form. The research results showed that the Leukocyte levels were P0 = 13.62 ± 7.08

, P1 = 8.15

± 1.04

, P2 = 13.18 ± 4.69

, P3 = 16.22 ± 4.95

; Eosinophils levels were P0 = 0.05 ± 0.13

, P1 = 0.97 ±

0.82

, P2 = 0.36 ± 0.05

, P3 = 0.00 ± 0.00

, in which there was no significant difference in the four

treatments for leukocytes and eosinophils; while the Monocytes levels were P0 = 1.83 ± 0.50

, P1 = 1.48 ±

0.24

, P2 = 2.68 ± 0.45

, P3 = 5.43 ± 0.37

; Lymphocytes levels were P0 = 7.71 ± 4.36

, P1 = 3.41 ± 1.34

P2 = 5.85 ± 1.24

, P3 = 8.53 ± 3.91

, in which there were significant differences between the four

treatments for monocytes and lymphocytes, with p ≤ 0.05. Trypanosoma evansi inoculation can increase

level of leukocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes in mice after 3 days of infection.

1 INTRODUCTION

A parasitic disease that frequently attacks cattle is

Trypanosomiasis (Surra). This disease makes

livestock productivity, causes milk and meat

production to drop, makes carcass quality poor,

reduces production performance, and requires a high

cost of treatment (Dargantes, 2010).

Trypanosomiasis is caused by a protozoon, a blood

parasite called Trypanosoma evansi. This parasite

can be found in the blood circulation in the acute

phase of infection. T. evansi takes glucose as a

source of nutrients so that if the animal does not

have good nutritional intake, the parasite will cause

a decrease in blood glucose. Trypanotoxin is a toxin

produced by Trypanosoma sp that can lyse red blood

cells and lead to anemia condition in host animals

(Astuti et al., 2006). This study aims to determine

the levels of leukocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and

lymphocytes in mice that are inoculated with

Trypanosoma evansi.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Trypanosomaevansi was firstly discovered by

Griffith Evans in camels and horses in India. This

disease has the local name surra, meaning “thin”. T.

evansi is allegedly derived from the evolution of

T.Brucei, which causes the nagana disease in

animals in Africa. The spread of T. evansi in India is

through infected camels for trade (Eyob and Matios,

2013). The surra case was first reported in Indonesia

in 1897 in the horse population on the island of Java,

sporadically spreading throughout Indonesia

(Ausvetplan, 2006).

3 METHOD AND MATERIALS

This research was an experimental research with a

post-test only on control group design. This study

applied Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with

random sampling technique in 4 treatments using 6

replications. Three variables comprise of the

independent variable, which was the difference in

608

Kurniabudhi, M., Mudji, E. and Fajarwati, R.

The Level of Leukocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes in Mice (Mus musculus) on Post-Inoculation of Trypanosoma evansi.

DOI: 10.5220/0007548006080610

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School (ICPS 2018), pages 608-610

ISBN: 978-989-758-348-3

the time of taking blood; the dependent variables,

which were the amounts of leukocytes, eosinophils,

monocytes, and lymphocytes of mice (Mus

musculus); and control variables namely sex, age,

cage, and treatment (pellet and drink).

The laboratory animals used were 24 adult male

BALB/C-strain mice (Mus musculus) (aged > 2

months) with weight range of 25-30g.

Trypanosoma evansi was inoculated in mice

through intraperitoneal technique. The blood of the

mice containing the 10

Trypomastigote stadium

parasite was injected for as much as 0.2 ml in the

treated mice, except in the control mice. Blood was

taken through the heart using 3 ml syringe with 26G

or 28G needle. Then, the preparation of blood ulcers

was conducted to determine the development of

parasite in blood plasma. It was made by taking a

little blood from the collection and dripping it on a

glass object. Blood was applied to a glass object, and

then methanol was added to conduct fixation for 3-5

minutes. Giemsa with 10% stain was done for 30

minutes on a blood vial that has been fixed with

methanol. The stained preparation was washed with

flowing water, dried up, and observed under a

microscope.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1: The Average (±SD) Mice Leukocyte Levels (10

Cell/μl) on Post-Inoculation in Trypanosoma evansi.

Treatment Average

(±SD)

P0 (Control: Blood-

takin

afte

72 hours

)

13.62±7.08

P1 (Blood-taking

afte

24 hours

)

8.15±1.04

P2 (Blood-taking

afte

48 hours)

13.18±4.69

P3 (Blood-taking

afte

72 hours)

16.22±4.95

Note: The same superscripts in same column with P

0.067 ≥ 0.05 signifies no significant difference

between treatments.

Table 2: The Average (±SD) Mice Eosinophil Levels (10

Cell/μl) on Post-Inoculation in Trypanosoma evansi

Note: The same superscripts in the same column

with P 0.273 ≥ 0.05 signifies no significant

difference between treatments.

Table 3: The Average (±SD) Mice Monocyte Levels (10

Cell/μl) on Post-Inoculation in Trypanosoma evansi

Treatment Average

(±SD)

P0 (Control: Blood-taking after

72 hours)

1.83 ±0.50

(

Bloo

-takin

afte

24 hours

)

1.48±0.24

(

Bloo

-takin

afte

48 hours

)

2.68± 0.45

P3 (Bloo

-taking afte

72 hours) 5.43±0.37

Note: Superscripts are different in the same column

with P 0.00 ≤ 0.01, indicating a very significant

difference between control and treatments.

Table 4: The Average (±SD) Mice Lymphocyte Levels

(10

Cell/μl) on Post-Inoculation in Trypanosoma evansi.

Treatment Average

(±SD)

P0 (Control:

Blood-taking

afte

72 hours)

7.71±4.36

P1 (Blood-

taking after 24

hours)

3.41±1.34

P2 (Blood-

taking after 48

hours

)

5.85±1.24

P3 (Blood-

taking after 72

hours

)

8.53±3.91

Detail: Superscripts are different in the same column

with P 0.042 ≤ 0.05, indicating a significant

difference between control and treatments.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Trypanosoma evansi infection affects leukocytes,

eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes levels, and

the blood-taking of mice in different hours affects

Treatment Average

(

±SD

)

P0 (Control: Blood-taking after

72 hours)

0.05±0.13

P1 (Blood-taking after 24

hours

)

0.97±0.82

P2 (Blood-taking after 48

hours

)

0.36±0.05

P3 (Blood-taking after 72

hours)

0.00±0.00

The Level of Leukocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes in Mice (Mus musculus) on Post-Inoculation of Trypanosoma evansi

609

levels of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and

monocytes.

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