Competency Development of Traits and Motives in Case of Salt

Farmer in Galis, Sub-district of Pamekasan Regency

Sukron Ma’mun, Windijarto and Sutinah

¹Magister Postgraduate School Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: Competence Development, Traits and Motives, Peasant Salt People.

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the development of competency traits and motives of

smallholder salt farmers in Galis Subdistrict, Pamekasan Regency. In improving the competence of

smallholder, salt farmers in Galis Subdistrict Pamekasan Regency developed the competence by providing

training and guidance to them. One of the competence development that can be done is the development of

competence of traits and motives. According to Spencer & Spencer (1993) cited by Emmyah (2009) in

Sutoto, competencies in aspects of personal characteristics/traits include: self-control competence, self-

confidence, flexibility, organizational commitment, and competence in the aspect of motives include

organizational awareness competence, relationship building, and achievement orientation. This research

used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through interviews and observations. The results of

research that have been found that smallholder salt farmers in Galis Subdistrict, Pamekasan Regency

already have the competence of traits and motives, but still need development because until now the

smallholder salt farmers in Galis Subdistrict are only able to produce coarse salt (krosok) with low quality,

so that such development can increase the ability of salt farmers to produce people's salt in Galis Subdistrict,

Pamekasan Regency.

1 INTRODUCTION

Madura as part of East Java provincial region holds

a considerable amount of natural resource potential

including; the terrestrial biodiversity and marine

biodiversity. One of the more value of the natural

resources potential of Madura Island when

compared with other areas in East Java Province is

salt which Madurese people often called "white

gold". Salt is one of the commodities that became

one of the icons on the island of Madura other than

bull racing and Madura tobacco. The salt potential in

Madura Island has not been able to improve the

welfare of its people and develop its human

resources, especially to improve the living standards

of the people's salt farmers on the island of Madura,

so the island of Madura is known to be the largest

producer of salt in Indonesia.

Suhelmi IR, et al (2013) reveals that total area of

salt land in Madura, about 11,695 ha, it means that

Madura has the largest salting area in all of

Indonesia, because that is why since a long time

Madura also known as salt island. In fact, the largest

salt farm area in Madura throughout Indonesia has

not been able to improve the lives and economics of

salt farmers in Madura Island that are still

experiencing ups and downs, as well as the human

resources of the salt peasants of the people in

Madura who also have not experienced significant

progress and progress.

Makhfud E, et al (2012) reveals that in general

until now the peasant salt people in Madura are only

able to produce raw salt or commonly called low-

quality salt krosok from their salt land, the peasant

salt people in Madura in general still not able to

produce quality and ready salt people to be

consumed or even ready for use with certain brands,

quality, and packaging, because their knowledge,

skills and abilities are still limited and far behind

when compared to the ability of PT. Garam and salt

factories or private salt companies in Madura that

are already developing in the process of producing

and producing quality salt. If such circumstances

remain left unchecked and do not take action to

make changes, then in the long run the salt area in

Madura, one day will not be used again to improve

the welfare of the peasant’s salt farmers in Madura,

790

Maâ

Zmun, S., Windijarto, . and Sutinah, .

Competency Development of Traits and Motives in Case of Salt Farmer in Galis, Sub-district of Pamekasan Regency.

DOI: 10.5220/0007551507900794

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School (ICPS 2018), pages 790-794

ISBN: 978-989-758-348-3

and things like that very unfortunate if happened to

the area that got the nickname of salt island.

One of the districts on the island of Madura that

has a large salt area is Pamekasan Regency is

geographically located Regency is the second from

the eastern end of the island of Madura after

Sumenep Regency. In Pamekasan District, there are

several sub districts in which the majority of the

people work as peasant salt people, one of them is

Galis Sub-district. Galis Sub-district of Pamekasan

Regency is a Sub-district that has the widest width

of people's salt area in all areas of Pamekasan

Regency, so it can be ascertained that the largest

number of peasant salt farmers in Pamekasan

Regency is in Galis Sub-district.

The majority of people in Galis Subdistrict,

Pamekasan Regency, where they live around salt

fields, work as community salt farmers, but based on

preliminary studies conducted by researchers in the

field, researchers found that the ability to manage

the people's salt they have is still low, the article is

almost entirely salt produced by smallholder salt

farmers in Galis Subdistrict has a low quality and is

still in the form of raw salt (krosok). Based on the

background of the above problems, the researchers

are interested to conduct research by taking the

location of research in Galis Subdistrict of

Pamekasan Regency, and examined the development

of competence traits and motives peasant salt people

in District Galis Pamekasan.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND

METHOD

According to Spencer and Spencer, (1993),

competence is the underlying characteristic of a

person and is related to the effectiveness of the

individual's performance in his work. Underlying

characteristics that contain the meaning of

competence are part of a deep and attached

personality to a person as well as predictable

behavior on various circumstances and work tasks.

Causally related has the meaning of competence is

something that causes or predicts behavior and

performance. Criterion referenced implies that the

competence actually predicts who is performing

well, measured by the criteria or standard used.

Hogg (1993), in Seema Sanghi (2007) defines

competence as a manager characteristic that leads to

a demonstration of skills and abilities that result in

effective performance within the work area.

Competence also manifests capacity to transfer skills

and abilities from one field to another. Other

definitions that are also relevant and widely accepted

among human resources experts in the corporate

environment suggest that competence is a

fundamental characteristic of someone who

produces effective performance or superior

performance in his work Klemp 1980, in Seema

Sanghi (2007).

A more detailed definition synthesized from the

suggestion of several hundred experts in human

resource development who attended a conference on

competency issues in Johannesburg in 1995, stated

that competence is a collection of interrelated

knowledge, skills and attitudes that affect the

majority of one's work (the role or responsibility)

that correlates with workplace performance, which

can be measured against well-received standards and

can be improved through training and development,

Parry (1996) in Seema Sanghi (2007).

Furthermore, Wibowo (2007) argued that the

competence as the ability to perform or perform a

job or task based on the skills and knowledge of

work demanded by the job. Thus, the competence

shows the skills or knowledge that is characterized

by professionalism in a particular field as the most

important. Competence as a person's characteristics

is related to effective performance in a job or

situation. Each competence is seen in individuals at

various levels. Competencies include the deepest

human characteristics such as motives, traits and

attitudes or are observable and observable

characteristics such as skills and knowledge. The

existence of the level of competence proposed by

Spencer and Spencer in Wibowo (2007) like the

iceberg where there are visible on the surface, but

some are not visible on the surface. Based on figure

1 below, it can be seen that the knowledge and skills

aspect are competency aspect which tends to be

visible and relative on the surface, while self-

concept, personal traits and motives are aspects of

competence that tend to be hidden, and do not

appear on the surface.

Competency Development of Traits and Motives in Case of Salt Farmer in Galis, Sub-district of Pamekasan Regency

791

Visible

Skills- Knowledge

Self-concept

Hidden Traits

Motives

Figure 1 : The iceberg model.

Source: Spencer and Spencer in Wibowo (2007)

In this research, the researcher uses qualitative

method because it intends to get the description of

the phenomenon that occurs in the field that is about

the development of competence of traits and motives

of peasant salt in Galis Sub-district, Pamekasan

Regency, and intends to get a deep picture about

competence development of traits and motives of

salt farmers people in Galis Sub-district Pamekasan

District, the type of research used in this study is the

type of survey, which aims to find out directly about

the development of competence traits and motives

peasant salt people in Galis Sub-district Pamekasan

The type of research used in this study is a more in-

depth descriptive (thick description) that will try to

depict in depth a research object at the present

moment based on facts that appear as they are.

Furthermore, in order for the research results to have

a high weight, this research will be done by

identifying the dimensions that are quite influential

and relevant to note, and then the facts found given

interpretation. This research, using unit of individual

analysis with research object of competence

development of traits and motives of peasant salt in

Galis Sub-district Pamekasan Regency.

Determination of informants in this research is based

on research subjects who master the problem, have

data and willing to provide data to researchers. The

adequacy of data is based on the depth of data

obtained at the time of research data collection,

while saturation of data is based on the similarity

and uniformity of data and information obtained

from the informants at the time of data collection in

the field. Informants in this research amounted to 9

people, namely: 8 people salt farmers who come

from each different Hamlet in the village that has a

salt peoples land area in Galis Sub-district, which

consists of: 2 people salt farmers who come from the

Village Polagan Galis Sub-district, 2 peasant salt

people from Konang Village, Galis Sub-district, and

4 peasant salt people from Lembung Village, Galis

Sub-district, and 1 supporting informant that is

Chairman of Garam Commission Pamekasan

Regency. Data collection technique used in research

are: in-depth interviews and observation. The

conceptual framework in this research is presented

in figure 2.

Figure 2: Conceptual framework.

Based on conceptual framework, this research

uses the theory of competence proposed by Spencer

and Spencer (1993) cited by Emmyah (2009) in

Sutoto, which states that competence as the

underlying characteristic of a person and related to

the effectiveness of individual performance in his

work (an underlying characteristic of an individual

which is causally related to criterion referenced

effective and or superior performance in a job or

situation). Spencer and Spencer (1993), stated that

competence consists of five characteristics namely:

knowledge, skills, self-concepts, traits, and motives.

The development of the competence of smallholder

salt farmers in Galis Sub-district Pamekasan

Regency. in this research, focused on the aspects of

personal characteristics/ traits that include self-

control competence (SCT), self-confidence (SCF),

flexibility (FLX), organizational commitment (OC)

and aspects of motives that include organizational

Competence traits and motives peasants salt farmers

Galis Sub-district of Pamekasan Regency

Characteristics of competence according to

dictionary competence Spencer & Spencer:

clusters of personal characteristics / traits include

self-control (SCT), self-confidence (SCF),

flexibility (FLX), and organizational commitment

(OC). Cluster motives includes: organizational

awareness (OA), relationship building (RB), and

achievement orientation (ACH).

The development of competence of traits and

motives of peasant salt refers to Spencer &

Spencer's competence theory, cited by Emmyah

(2009) in Sutoto

Competence traits and motives of peasant salt

people Galis Subdistrict of Pamekasan Regency

increased

ICPS 2018 - 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School

792

awareness (OA), relationship building (RB), and

achievement orientation (ACH) competencies,

because both aspects of the competency can still be

developed. Whereas the other three aspects, namely

aspects of knowledge, skills, and self-concept, will

not be examined by researchers so that the results of

their research are more focused. With a frame of

mind, it is expected to produce directed and

consistent research, able to answer problems that

will be examined accurately, so that this research

will be useful for the Pamekasan Regency

government, for the Pamekasan Salt Commission,

and for small salt farmers in Galis Subdistrict,

Pamekasan Regency.

3 RESULT OF THE STUDY

The results of this research indicate that the

competence of personal characteristics/ traits of the

salt farmers of Galis Sub-district of Pamekasan

Regency is still need development, especially the

personal characteristic competence/ traits that is still

not good for example the peasant salt people who

have not followed the training and coaching working

on salt land is generally still done traditionally or

without using polybag, and dependence on weather

or sunlight is still very high.

The salt farmers of the people in Galis Sub-

district also need to pay attention to the environment

around the people's salt land which can also affect

the development of personal characteristics/ traits of

smallholder salt farmers which will ultimately affect

the quality and quantity of people's salt produced.

The development of personal characteristics/ traits

of smallholder salt farmers in Galis Sub-district can

be carried out through training and coaching carried

out periodically by the Pamekasan Regency

government, namely by the Fisheries and Marine

Service of Pamekasan Regency to develop the

competence of personal characteristics/ traits of

smallholder salt farmers. in Galis Sub-district, so

that with the training and guidance, the competence

of personal characteristics/ traits of salt farmers in

Galis Sub-district has increased.

In addition, this study shows that the competence

of the motives (peasant farmers) in the Subdistrict of

Galis Pamekasan still need development.

Development of the competence of people's salt

farmers in Galis Sub-district Pamekasan Regency

can be done if the salt farmers in Galis District also

have confidence to develop the competence of

motives that they have today. In addition, the salt

peasant farmers in Galis Sub-district should also be

more active in supporting the development of the

competence of the people's salt farmer’s motives in

Galis Sub-district. The development of the

competence of salt farmers motives in Galis Sub-

district can also be done through training and

guidance to the peasant salt farmers in the Sub-

district of Galis conducted by the government of

Pamekasan Regency, Fisheries and Marine Office of

Pamekasan Regency, to develop the competence of

the salt farmers motives people in Sub-district Galis

Pamekasan Regency.

The results of this research also indicate that the

availability of human resources in developing the

competence of farmers' motives in the Subdistrict of

Galis, especially the willingness of smallholder salt

farmers in Galis Subdistrict in developing the

competence of motives is also still not good. In

general, the results of this study indicate that the

development of competence traits and motives

peasants salt farmers in Subdistrict Galis Pamekasan

Regency is still not running well, so the government

of Pamekasan District in this case the Department of

Fisheries and Marine Pamekasan Regency should

conduct training and coaching to develop

competence traits and the motives of peasant salt

people in Galis Sub-district, Pamekasan Regency.

The people salt farmers in Galis Sub-district must

also have confidence in the training and guidance

done by the Fisheries and Marine Service of

Pamekasan Regency, and also have the willingness

to participate in the training and development as it

aims to develop the competence of personal

characteristics/ traits and competence development

motive of peasant salt people in Sub-district Galis

Pamekasan Regency.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Research on the development of competence of traits

and motives of peasant salt in Galis Sub-district of

Pamekasan Regency has the following conclusions:

1) In general, the people's salt farmers in Galis

Sub-district Pamekasan Regency already have the

competence of traits and motives in producing

people salt, but the competence of traits and motives

owned by farmers salt people in Galis Sub-district

Pamekasan Regency still need further development.

The development of competence of traits and

motives of salt farmers in Galis Subdistrict can be

done through training and guidance activities to

smallholder salt farmers in Galis Sub-district, so that

the development of competence of traits and motives

owned by smallholder salt farmers in Galis Sub-

Competency Development of Traits and Motives in Case of Salt Farmer in Galis, Sub-district of Pamekasan Regency

793

district can support the ability of smallholder salt

farmers in Galis regency in producing the salt of the

people they have acquired from generation to

generation from their own parents.

2) In developing competence of traits and

motives of peasant salt in Galis Sub-district of

Pamekasan Regency, Fishery and Marine Office of

Pamekasan Regency as training and coach to

develop competence of traits and motives owned by

peasant salt farmer in Galis Sub-district until now,

training and sustainable development to all peasant

salt people in Galis Sub-district Pamekasan

Regency, it is evident with still found most of the

people salt farmers in Galis Sub-district Pamekasan

Regency which until now still have not followed the

training and coaching activities conducted by the

Department of Fisheries and Marine District

Pamekasan. Until now there are still many people

salt farmers in Galis Sub-district Pamekasan

Regency that competence traits and motives has not

developed and still produce people's salt with the

ability obtained by hereditary from their parents, so

the quality and productivity of the people's salt they

produce is still low.

3) In developing the competence of traits and

motives owned by peasant salt people in Galis Sub-

district Pamekasan Regency, Fishery and Marine

Office of Pamekasan Regency have coordinated and

cooperated with the power holder or government

under it, such as Sub-district Head of Galis Sub-

district and its staff and at the level Village Heads,

Village Devices, Community Leaders, Religious

Leaders, and other influential people in conducting

training and fostering activities to smallholder salt

farmers in Galis Subdistrict, so that training and

coaching activities can be done well.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researcher is grateful to Postgraduate School of

Universitas Airlangga for giving him the opportunity

to present this paper at the 2018 International

Conference of Postgraduate School, Universitas

Airlangga, Surabaya.

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