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Surveillance and maintenance procedure should
also be considered to ensure proper implementation.
The effectiveness, commitment and accountability
of community leaders in the implementation of DRR
will support the successful implementation of
resilient building (Lebel et.al, 2006).
3.1.2 Action during Fire
Main focus of this segment is preparedness for
effective action plan that can enable the community
to absorb the impact of fire incident.
a. Contingency Plan
One of the characteristic of resilient community
is the existence of good contingency plan (Arbon
et al, 2013). The contingency plan should
encourage involvement from the community
members in its creation and implementation.
Community involvement in problem
identification, formulation of the plan, and
finding the solution, will foster commitment, a
sense of togetherness, and problem-focused
coping (Paton & Johnston, 2001).
The contingency plan should include:
warning system, evacuation plan and procedures,
and emergency response plan.
b. DRR Network
A strong network will support local authorities
and community resilience against disaster
(Twigg, 2009). The existence of networks
between government, local community and third
parties, such as NGOs or the private sector, can
help cover the shortcomings of local
communities in the provision of facilities and
infrastructure for disaster risk reduction.
c. Sense of community
According to IFRC (2014) the higher the social
cohesion of a society, the higher the ability of
that community to overcome stress and shocks
from disaster. In the time of disaster, sense of
togetherness and attachment could encourage
mutual assistance (gotong royong).
3.1.3 Support after Fire Incidence
This segment focuses on the community capabilities
to bounce back after disaster strikes
a. Financial resource
Recovery requires resources to implement.
Sources of this resource are own resources,
extended family or institutional and most
household usually rely on more than one source
(Lindell, 2013).
Financial resource is one of the main factors
that can enable fast disaster recovery. The source
for this can be from personal savings, insurance,
cooperative savings, or support from
government.
b. Sense of community
The impact of lack of financial resource can be
minimized when there is a strong sense of
community among the member of the
community. A feeling of togetherness in facing a
disaster and attachment to people and place
could encourage people to help each other (Paton
and Johnston, 2001).
c. Access to government support
Government support is one of the supporting
capabilities for disaster recovery (Lindell, 2013).
This support can be in the form of financial help,
temporary shelter or housing, or the reparation
and rehabilitation of public facilities and
infrastructures.
4 CONCLUSIONS
This conceptual model of community resilience
against fire disaster is made based on the
understanding of the formation of community
disaster resilience. The conceptual model consists of
three sub-models.
By dividing the conceptual model into three sub-
models, the resilience development can concentrate
on the sub-models that need attention.
REFERENCES
Arbon, P.A., et al. 2013. How Do We Measure and Build
Resilience Against Disaster in Communities and
Households? Torrens Resilience Institute. Adelaide.
Cutter, S.L. et al. 2008. A place-based model for
understanding community resilience to natural
disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18. 598-606.
Djalante, R.,& F.Thomalla. 2010. Community Resilience
to natural hazards and climate change impacts: a
review of definitions and operational frameworks. 5th
Annual International Workshop & Expo on Sumatra
Tsunami Disaster & Recovery.
Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., and Sarstedt, M.
(2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural
Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). California: SAGE
Publications, Inc.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies. 2014. IFRC Framework for Community
Resilience. International Federation of Red Cross and
Red Crescent Societies, Geneva.
Lebel, L., Anderies, J.M., Campbell, B., Folke, C.,
Hatfield-Dodds, S., Hughes, T.P. and Wilson, J., 2006.
Governance and the capacity to manage resilience in
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