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health status. The majority of elderly (52.12%) had
health complaints in the past month. 50.22% of
elderly men has health complaints while 53.74% of
elderly women does. The percentage of elderly
population who experienced health complaints from
2005-2012 has increased. This shows that the health
status of the elderly population was still low.
The process of growing old is natural and
normal. Every human being will experience the
aging process. This aging process will result in
human changes in various aspects including
physical, mental and social aspects. Physical
changes that can occur are white hair, wrinkled skin,
thin, dry and loose, lack or loss of vision due to
refractive or cataract disorders, a lack of functioning
olfaction, taste buds are less sensitive to sweet and
salty taste, lack or loss of hearing, stiff and sore
joints and incontinence. Mental changes due to
feeling of losing someone, especially spouses or
relatives or close friends (bereavement), often aloof,
feeling of isolation to become forgetful (dementia).
The most prominent social change due to aging is
the inability to care for one self in terms of daily
activities (Activities of Daily Livings/ADLs) for
example: bathing, bowel movement, dressing,
grooming hair, eating so gradually that the person
should be assisted by a informal or formal
caregivers. While the instrumental activities
(Instrumental Activities of Daily Livings/IADLs) are
such counting money, using a telephone or
computer, using a washing machine and so forth will
decrease its ability as quality of life decreases
(Abikusno, 2013).
The existence of elderly with health problems
due to the aging process, the decline in the function
of body cells (degenerative), and decreased function
of the body's immune system emerges degenerative
diseases, malnutrition, infectious diseases, dental
and oral health problems (Kemenkes R.I., 2016).
East Java Province was the second province with the
largest number of elderly in Indonesia. The most
elderly population is found in Surabaya, the capital
of East Java Province. Posyandu (Integrated Service
Center) for elderly was one of the activities
undertaken in Surabaya City to improve their health
status and quality of life. However, not all elderly
are active in this Posyandu’s elderly activities.
Therefore, various efforts are needed to increase
knowledge and awareness of elderly so that healthy,
independent, active and productive elderly can be
realized. At least the elderly can perform various
activities that are necessary to support their daily
life. Thus, the study about the condition of elderly
and various related factors to realize the
independence of the elderly and provide information
for policy makers is crucial.
2 METHOD
This research was an observational and cross
sectional study. The population of the study is
elderly (> 60 years) in Tambaksari Village,
Tambaksari Sub-district, Surabaya City. The
samples of the study are the elderly who were
selected randomly in the Tambaksari Village,
Tambaksari District, Surabaya City. Determination
of respondents was done using Multi Stage Random
Sampling. The number of respondents in this study
was 80 people. Data were taken by interview with
questionnaire tool. The instrument used in this study
is a questionnaire developed from the measurement
of The Physical Self-Maintenance Scale to identify
the ability of daily activities of the elderly (Dowell,
2006).
Research variables used are demographic
variables (age, education level, kind of work) and
daily activities of the elderly. In the daily activity
variables, the elderly were given score in each
category. If they do activities with full help or
assistence they will get one score. If the activity is
done independently they will get maximum score.
The data obtained were analyzed using Spearman's
correlation test in order to see the relationship
between demographic characteristics of elderly and
the elderly's daily activities.
3 RESULTS
The majority of the elderly were 61-65 years old
which consist of 28 males (35%) and 58 females
(72.5%). The education level of the majority is high
school graduates as many as 23 people (28.8%) with
marital status and 48 people (60%) with widow
status. 65 people (81.3%) of elderly have worked
and the majority of them worked as trader as many
as 15 people (18,75%). 51(63.80%) of elderly were
active in Posyandu which was conducted once per
month. Similarly, there were 63 people (78.70%) of
elderly who were active in social activities such as
active in PKK (Family Welfare Development)
activities, Posyandu for <5 years children, Posyandu
for elderly, and other organization activities in
society.
The ability of elderly activity is seen based on
their ability to perform daily activities. This
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