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the categorizations of CSR practices; and (ii) investigate how the collective influence of different
factors on CSR implementation of construction enterprises.
In addressing these gaps, based on a review of the literature, this research presents a conceptual
modal on practices and factors influencing construction enterprises’ CSR implementation by
integrating three theories (i.e., stakeholder theory, institutional theory and self-determination theory
(SDT)). Understanding these CSR practices and influencing factors within the industry could help
construction enterprises to formulate effective strategies for CSR implementation, thus ultimately
promote the development of sustainable construction management [14].
2. Research methods
The development of the conceptual framework of this study is based on literature review. Peer-
reviewed research articles in CSR within the construction domain were undertaken a content analysis.
For this research, the purpose of content analysis, as indicated by Stemler [15], is to allow for
contextualizing and identifying the categorization of CSR practices and their impact factors in the
construction industry. Firstly, diverse classification of construction enterprises’ CSR practices
developed by previous scholars was compared, so as to identify generic aspects and sub-aspects of
CSR practices. Thereafter, by reviewing of relevant theories underpinning construction enterprises’
CSR behaviors, factors influencing CSR implementation mentioned in relevant studies can be easily
extracted and grouped into different categories. Finally, we integrated three underpinning theories
and proposed the conceptual framework which includes identified CSR practices and its impact
factors.
3. Literature review
3.1. Categorization of CSR practices
While there is a considerable amount of research attempted to classify CSR practices into different
aspects, it appears there is a lack of consistency in various categorization attempts (e.g., [8-10]). The
review reveals that one of the most common approaches is the application of stakeholder theory as
the theoretical underpinning to group CSR practices (e.g., [12, 16, 17]). According to stakeholder
theory, the CSR essentially serves to manage a number of stakeholders, to fulfill expectations of
diverse stakeholders, and to build a bridge between corporations and general society [18].
Accordingly, authors had classified CSR practices by relating CSR practices to the respective
stakeholders of construction enterprises (e.g., [10, 16, 19]). However, not all classifications were
organized by linking CSR practices directly to diverse stakeholder groups. Some significant aspects
are regarded as the individual categories such as environmental aspect and CSR institutional
arrangement (e.g., [8, 10]). For instance, by coupling project and corporate level CSR practices, Zhao
et al. [10] translated CSR performance issues to nine stakeholders, including employees, shareholders,
customers, suppliers and partners, resources and environment, local communities, government,
competitor, and NGO. Wu et al. [9], on the other hand, identified seven stakeholder-related CSR
practices categories to assess the Chinese international contractors’ CSR performance, including
labor practices, environment, fair operating practices, community involvement and development,
human rights, shareholders’ rights, and organizational governance. Construction quality and safety
were also addressed as one of the most important aspects of CSR practices. Nevertheless, some
studies attempted to separate it as an individual standalone aspect (e.g.,[8]), while some studies
recognized it as a sub-aspect of clients or owners’ CSR practices (e.g., [10]). This study adopted the
latter viewpoint in which quality and safety of construction product is seen as a company’s
responsible action for their clients or owners. Collectively, CSR practices can be categorized into ten
aspects (with 36 sub-aspects) which closely relate to enterprise’s stakeholders. The identified CSR
aspects include shareholders, environment preservation, local community, employees, clients or
Practices and Factors Influencing Construction Enterprises’ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Implementation: a Conceptual
Framework
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