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between pretest and posttest blood pressure value in
elderly with hypertension after foot soak therapy. The
results of this study are consistent with previous
studies that found that a 3-day foot bath treatment
with a duration of 30 minutes showed a significant
decrease in blood pressure with mean systolic blood
pressure drop -3.994 mmHg and diastolic -2.722
mmHg (Zahrah Z., 2016 ).
The difference results occured in control group.
Based on the results, it was obtained the average
value of systolic blood pressure or diastolic pretest
and posttest 150.67/87.07 mmHg and 149.87/91.73
mmHg. The results of pretest and posttest mean
differences in systolic and elderly blood pressure with
hypertension in the control group were -0.8 mmHg
and 4.667 mmHg.
Based on the results of the study it was found that
seven elderly respondents in the control group did not
experience a decrease in blood pressure but increased
blood pressure after 5 days observation on blood
pressure. Researchers argue that this, influenced by
excessive weight of the elderly. Obesity and aging
process that occurs in the elderly can affect the
structure of the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels so
that the risk of incidence of cardiovascular disease
increases (Aronow et al., 2011).
The results also showed six elderly people had
decreased blood pressure after 5 days of observation.
Researchers argue that this was influenced by
physical activity carried out by the elderly. Increased
physical activity is done to increase blood flow to the
heart and improve arterial function (Kowalski, 2010).
This is supported by the results of research that by
doing regular physical activity for 30-45 minutes a
day is effective in reducing the relative risk of
hypertension to 30 % (Kemenkes.RI, 2014).
Table 3 showed the results of independent t-test of
systolic and elderly diastolic blood pressure with
hypertension in the treatment and control group, ie p
value of Systolic = 0.001 and p value of diastolic
which means p <α (α = 0,05) a significant difference
in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the
treatment group and the control group. Foot soak
therapy with warm is an intervention by utilizing the
application of heat to the body to smooth the blood
circulation, refresh the body and provide an effect of
increased relaxation (Handoyo K., 2014; Permadi,
2015).
Relaxation technique is a type of non-
pharmacological management that can be given to the
elderly and has been proven to lower blood pressure
(Muttaqin, 2009). This study provides foot soak
therapy for five days with a duration of 15 minutes in
each session. Relaxation responses felt by the elderly
can affect the physiological body. The effects of foot
soak therapy can stimulate the pituitary gland to
release endorphin hormone. This will activate the
parasympathetic nervous system and inhibit the
sympathetic nervous system so that it can cause a
drop in blood pressure (Muttaqin, 2009; George,
2007). The stimulus of foot soak therapy can also
stimulate baroreceptor nerves to push the implus into
the vasomotor center and lead to vasodilation of the
veins and arterioles resulting in a decrease in blood
pressure (Damayanti et al., 2014).
This study showed the differences of blood
pressure between the two groups, so it can be
concluded that foot soak therapy can lower blood
pressure through stimulus in the pituitary gland to
release endorphin hormones that cause stress on the
sympathetic nervous system and improve the
parasympathetic nervous system, increased activity
of the parasympathetic nervous system that causes
peripheral resistance decreased. The final result is
blood pressure also can decrease.
5 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the result of research and discussion it can
be conclude that there is significant influence of foot
doak therapy with warm water against blood pressure
elderly with hypertension. It is expected that warm
food bath soak therapy can be applied by nurses as a
nonpharmacological treatment to maintain blood
pressure in hypertension on elderly.
REFERENCES
Aronow, W. S., & Banach, M., 2012. Ten most important
things to learn from the ACCF/AHA 2011 expert
consensus document on hypertension in the elderly.
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ASH, 2013. Smoking, the heart and circulation. ASH Fact
Sheet on Smoking, the Heart and Circulation.,
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Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 2013.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Laporan
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2013
Black, J. M., & Hawks, J. H., 2014. Keperawatan Medikal
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