Profile of the Growth and Development of Children Ages Toddler in

Bulak Kenjeran Surabaya

Dwi Ernawati

, Abdul Fauzi

, M. Hendri Haryono

, Dady Zharfan Hanif

Primalova Septiavy Estiadewi

STIKES Hang Tuah, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: Growth, Development, Children, Toddlers.

Abstract: Background: Growth and development are things that will continue to occur continuously of a human being.

The important period in the process of child development is the toddler age, because this period occur the

process of growth and development that affect and determine the further growth and development. The

efforts of improving growth and development of children is by maximizing the role of parents and family in

the providing the nutrition and stimulation according to the age of the child. This research aim is to

determine the description of the growth and development of children ages toddler. Method:This research is

a cross-sectional design on 176 toddler in Kenjeran, Bulak, Surabaya. Instruments on the research using

Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) and measurements of height and weight toddlers. Result:

Factors that influence the growth and development of toddlers in Kenjeran are intake of nutrients, social,

economic and environmental conditions. The results show that 60.2% growth in toddlers is good and 63.1%

development in toddler is nornal. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the toddlers in Kenjeran have

normal growth and development.

1 BACKGROUND

Growth and development is going to continue to

occur on an ongoing basis over the life of a human

being. Grow is an absolute size (absolute value).

Setiawan (2014) development (development) is the

increasing ability (skill) in the structure and function

of the parts of the body that are more complex in a

regular pattern as a result of the maturation process.

Growth and development of children in the coastal

areas ranged from less weight and less

developmental delay in four aspects, namely

personal social, language, motor skills and fine

motor. Initial survey results in one of the villages in

the region of posyandu Kenjeran obtained 6 toddler

with less weight and 5 toddler age average 3 years

not fluently communicate with the articulation of a

word is not clear.

According WHO (2015) number incidence of

disorders of growth and development in children

ages toddler still very high especially in the motor

development disorders obtained (27.5%) or 3 million

severely interruption. National data according to

Kementrian Kesehatan (2015), 11.5% data obtained

as a toddler in Indonesia are experiencing growth

and development abnormalities. An examination of

the growing swell detection toddlers and preschool

age children a number of 3,657,353 children who are

having problems the delay grew swell in East Java in

2010 of 2,321,542 (63.48%) tend to decline

compared to the year 2009 amounted to 64.03% and

still below the target of 80% (Dinas Kesehatan Kota

Surabaya 2015; Kementrian Kesehatan 2016).

Growth is an anabolic process, i.e., the increase

of the number of cells of the human body in a

dimension level that can be measured as length,

weight, mandible teeth and growth of metabolic

processes (Ranuh 2013). The development is the

increasing capabilities in the structure and function

of the body's complex in a regular pattern and can be

foretold, as a result of the process maturity (Adriani,

Merryana., Wirjatmadi 2014). According to Sher-

censor, Shulman, and Cohen (2018) is important in

the period of growing flower children is infancy,

because during this period the growth fundamentals

will influence and determine the next child's

development so that the required stimulation or the

452

Ernawati, D., Fauzi, A., Haryono, M., Hanif, D. and Estiadewi, P.

Proﬁle of the Growth and Development of Children Ages Toddler in Bulak Kenjeran Surabaya.

DOI: 10.5220/0008326704520457

In Proceedings of the 9th International Nursing Conference (INC 2018), pages 452-457

ISBN: 978-989-758-336-0

stimulation that is useful so that the potential

developing. According to (Soetjiningsih and Ranuh

IG. N. Gde 2015) some of the factors that can

influence the growth and development of children

such as genetic, nutritional status, parental

education, stimulation, the income of parents and

peers. Parental education is an important factor for

growing flower children because with a good

education, parents can receive all the information

from the outside especially on how childcare is

good, the granting of early stimulation how keep

your child's health.

Moral development and the basics of personality

also formed in infancy, so the lack of stimulation

can cause deviations of growing flower child even

disorders that settled and any abnormalities or the

slightest deviation when not detected, let alone not

handled properly will will result in the occurrence of

developmental disorder motor skills, language,

emotions and behaviour (Mortensen dan Barnett

2017). Measuring instrument frequently used in

Anthropometry is by growth and developmental

screening child toddler is DDST (Denver

Development Screening Test). Assessment of the

DDST include an assessment of child development

in the four factors, including assessment of personal

social, fine motor, language and motor

skills(Celikkiran, 2015).

Efforts to improve the growth and development

of children is by maximizing the role of parents and

family in the awarding of the nutrition and

stimulation as well as the implementation of early

detection of child development according his age. At

this stage the role of the parent is very needed

ranging from the provision of a balanced nutrition

according the age of the child, and the parent can

train the child to integrate the multiple social roles

and responsibilities as well as provide an

opportunity to the children to achieve specific

capabilities that can he had learned, such as talking,

walking, eating and drinking on its own as well as

play or activity in a group.

Based on the background of the problem of child

growth and development of the coastal area in the

toddler then needs to do research on the description

of knowledge and the development of children ages

toddler Kenjeran Village in Kecamatan Surabaya

Bulak ".

2 METHODS

This research is descriptive research and conducted

in June 2017. The purpose of the study is to describe

the growth and development of toddlers in Kenjeran

Surabaya. The population in this research is children

aged 0-5 years. Pengamblan sample using simple

random sampling and the number of samples

obtained as much as 167 respondents. Toddler

growth recorded gauge uses the width of the

observation that contains about weight, height. The

development was measured using the DDST in

accordance with the age group of respondents.

3 RESULTS

The population in this study are toddlers and their

parents who live and are registered at the

posyanduKenjeran Village that is as much as 315

fives and sample as many as 176 toddlers. The

number of child-sex toddler boys as much as 95

children (54%) and older women-sex toddler 81

children (46%). Categories include age i.e. children

aged toddler (1-3) as much as 123 kid (69.9%). Age

of infant amounted to 31 (17.6%). Preschool age

amounted to 22 children (12.5%).

Demographic data in Kenjeran parents include

the age of the parents, occupation, amount of

income, number of children, a source of information,

education and the stimulus of parents against his

son. The spread of the age of the elderly in the

village of them namely Kenjeran with age 26-35

years as many as 83 people (47.2%), 20-26 years as

many as 40 people (22.7%) and more than 35 years

as many as 36 people (20.5%) as well as the age of

less than 20 years of as many as 17 people (9.7%).

Most of the parents were on work not working as

many as 72 people (40.9%), parents of private

employment status or self employed as many as 65

people (36.9%), parents employment status labour as

many as 33 people (18.8%), parents with the status

the work of the civil employed as much as 3 people

(1.7%) and the least is parents employment status as

fishermen as much as 3 people (1.7%).

Parents who have toddlers in Kenjeran majority

earn between Rp. 1,000,000 – Rp 2 million per

month as many as 68 people (38.6%), Rp. 500,000 –

1 million rupiah as many as 56 people (31.8%), Rp 2

million by as much as 45 > people (25.6%) and Rp.

<500.000 as 7 people (4,0%). Most parents have a

number of children in a family of 3 children namely

> as much as 79 families (44.9%), 2 children as

many as 72 families (40.9%) and 1 child as much as

25 family (14.2%). Parents with toddlers inKenjeran,

mostly parents with resource information from

television that is as much as 132 parents (75.0%),

newspaper or magazine as much as 27 older people

Proﬁle of the Growth and Development of Children Ages Toddler in Bulak Kenjeran Surabaya

453

(25.3%) and information resources of the internet as

many as 17 people (9.7%). Most of the educated

middle (SMA/SMK) i.e. as many as 83 people

(47.2%), primary education as much as 82 people

(46.6%) with details of as many as 21 (11.9%)

parents educated primary school (elementary school)

and 61 parents (34.7%) of high school educated the

first (JUNIOR) college education while as many as

11 elderly people (6.2%).

Based on table 2 growth of most toddler found

with good growth as much as 106 (60.2%) of

respondents, less growth by as much as 31 (17.6%),

poor growth by as much as 23 (13%) of the

respondents and the rest more growth by as much as

16 (9%) respondents.

Most of the growth in the region of kenjeran

toddler in influence by several factors such as

nutritional intake, socioeconomic and environmental

conditions. Availability of time mother to stimulate

the growth of the child is also in influence by the

availability of time with his son's mother. The daily

mom as a housewife with a good toddler growth as

much as 118 respondents (67.9%) and 2 respondents

(100%) of the college educated. As for the mothers

be an entrepreneur brings about bad toddler growth

by as much as 5 respondents (10.5%).

Child development toddlers in Kenjeran on table

3 obtained data child development toddlers normally

as much as 111 children (63.1%), development of

warning as many as 43 children (24.4%),

developmental lags as much as 12 people (6.8%),

development a total of 10 people (5.7%) and

development of no chance as much as 0 (0%).

4 DISCUSSION

The quality of the service of the mother in the family

are determined by the mastery of information and

the availability of sufficient time. Both of these

factors, among others, the determinant factors can be

determined with the level of education, social

interaction and work (Pahlevi 2012). In addition, the

higher a person's level of education, the more

Table 1: Characteristics of respondents.

Characteristics of

Respondents

Frequency

Percentage

(%)

Gender

Male

Woman

The age of the child

Baby (0-12)

Toddler (1-3 years)

Pre school

(

3-5

ears

)

123

17,6

69,9

12,5

The age of parents

< 20 year

20-25 year

26-35 year

>35 yea

9,7

22,7

47,2

20,5

The job of parents

Do not work

Labour

Self employed

Civil employed

Fisherman

Retire

40,9

18,8

36,9

1,7

Income of parents

Rp. < 500.000

Rp. 500.000–1.000.000

Rp. 1.000.000–

2.000.000

Rp. > 2.000.000

4,0

31,8

38,6

25,6

The number of children

in the family

14,2

40,9

44,9

Source of information

Newspaper/Magazine

Internet

132

75,0

15,3

9,7

Education of parents

Elementary school (SD

dan SMP)

Junior high school

College

46,6

47,2

6,2

Stimulation of the

elderly

Never

Rare

Sometimes

Often

Every often

9,1

22,7

38,1

26,7

3,4

Table 2: Growth characteristics of children in the

village of Surabaya.

Growth Frequency

Percentage (%)

ess

Goo

ore

106

17,6

60,2

Table 3: The characteristics of child development

toddlers Kenjeran Village in Surabaya.

Development Frequency

Percentage (%)

No chance

Delay

Warning

Normal

111

6,8

24,3

63,1

5,7

INC 2018 - The 9th International Nursing Conference: Nurses at The Forefront Transforming Care, Science and Research

454

receptive to information, so many knowledge

possessed (Landers et al. 2018).

The higher the frequency of interactions of

mothers on toddlers, then the higher the care that

was provided to support the growing swell toddlers.

High education can also improve the quality of

flower growing toddlers, because mothers find it

easier to get information related treatments and

nutritional fulfilment on her son. However, working

mothers will reduce interaction with his son and his

son's growth less so nutritional deficiencies against

the toddlers. The lack of nutrients needed by this

toddler, due to being too busy parents against his

work so that the decrease in attention to his son.

The results showed the mother who finished

education SLTA obtained bad growing toddler 4

respondents (7.1%). A variety of factors that affect

nutritional status on the toddler, among others, the

lack of food supplies, the less good the quality of the

environment, socio-economic conditions (income,

level of education, and employment) and the family

culture such as family, parenting as well as

knowledge (Ony Linda 2011). Nutritional status

with burukyang growth experienced by this toddler,

not only because education on parenting but happens

because there are other founders of the values that

are in the personal religious beliefs by the main

coastal communities that the main job of the

fishermen that the food a member of the family is

eating at the remainder of unsold fish and on the

products, so as to save expenditure on the family,

because the money can be used for additional tuition

fees and more expensive.

Research results in the category of family

income of Rp. 2,000,000-3,500,000 obtained bad

toddler growth by as much as 4 respondents (6.8%).

Any increase in income generally have a direct

impact on the nutritional status of the population

(Pahlevi 2012). Poor growth in toddlers is not an

influence of the level of family income per month.

Poor growth that occurs in this toddler can be

affected by several factors, one being the factor of

environmental sanitation. The cleanliness of the

environment less affect on food hygiene, especially

in management, so that it becomes the source of the

originator for the onset of growth in toddlers is bad.

Neighbourhood toddlers in the coastal areas with

dense population as well as access to clean water is

lacking, resulting in the mother's difficulty also

applies the clean and healthy lifestyles in the rearing

of their toddlers.

The results showed that 16 people are toddlers

experiencing growth in more categories. A mother

who has a knowledge attitude and less nutrients will

be very effect on nutritional status balitanya and will

be difficult to choose nutritious foods for her son

and his family (Julita 2011). The research of the

knowledge of good mother with a toddler growth

more 2 respondents (5.7%). The quality of the

growing swell toddlers are very determined by the

fulfilment of nutrients, because that mother needs to

observe the toddler food consumption as required

should be based on a balanced diet with nutrition

(Julita 2011).

The low nutritional knowledge could hamper

efforts repair good nutrition on a family and

community conscious nutrition means not only

knowing nutrition but must know and want to do.

The addition of knowledge in communities through

a variety of outreach activities and the like, basically

a business improvement using how to educate the

public so that it can address the problem of its

nutrition value (Pahlevi 2012). Besides the factor of

knowledge concerning maternal nutrition is also one

of the most influential factors are active in fulfilment

of nutrition. Knowledge of maternal role in the

fulfillment and the selection of nutritious meals for

toddlers, so as to achieve maximum growth for

toddlers.

The results of this study showed that 72.7% of

parents with the education of the College had a

normal child development, this figure is much

higher than the development of the child from the

parents who educated middle and Basic Research

(Azizah 2012) stated that mothers with a college

education have a higher knowledge about the

stimulation of child development.

Children who are experiencing growth in limit

warning, 37.5% never get stimulation from his

parents. Factors affecting the parents in providing

stimulation such as parents age, education,

occupation, length of time to interact with the

children and the parents ' income(Azizah 2012).

Parents often provide stimulation to the child as

much as 47 parents (26.7%), based on the

demographics of the work parents with parents

obtained data stimulation as much as working

parents 29. According to Santi at al (2012) stated

that working mothers have less time to interact with

children tend to be less so little time to provide the

stimulation of development of the child.

Most of the parents in the neighbourhood

frequently give Kenjeran stimulation are the parents

who work. This is not in accordance with the results

of previous research because parents in Kenjeran

working mostly worked as a self-employed at home

so it still allows parents in optimizing stimulation of

granting to the child, In addition to the things that

Proﬁle of the Growth and Development of Children Ages Toddler in Bulak Kenjeran Surabaya

455

became determinant of the success of the stimulation

of the parents is not the length of time the mother to

interact with the children, but what about the ability

of the mother to take advantage of the time have in

interacting with the child to provide stimulation of

the development.

Parents who rarely provide stimulation to the

child as much as 40 (22.7%) parents, based on the

income of the parents and the parents obtained data

stimulation that 9 parents earn Rp 2 million > rarely

provide stimulation to the child. This is not in

accordance with the research Azizah (2012) that

parents are more likely to be high income earners

can meet gaming device for balitanya as a form of

work done the mother to be able to pay attention to

the fulfillment of the means in provide stimulation. S

Nofianti (2012) stated that younger mothers are

usually higher it against the growing swell of her son

and has a curiosity that is bigger because it is still

lack of experience in raising children.

Education and stimulation also became factors

that affect perkembanngan toddlers who delay or

developmental delay. Research data show that 100%

of educated parents who have a child in College

advanced and normal development. While child

development (delay) and the category warning

(warning) had a parent with primary and secondary

education. Children who experience delays also

rarely never even in the stimulation by parents in the

stages of growing important role optimally.

Toddlers in Kenjeran experience development

(advanced) a total of 10 people (5.7%). education

and the stimulation of a parent is one of the

determinants of the success of the development of

the child. Education has a very decisive role for the

development of the child. The influential parent

education in educating children in order to achieve

the expected goal, namely, to accompany a child on

the stage of development of the appropriate age and

added the duties of its development as a whole and

optimal. Education will influence the mindset and

decision making in educating and giving stimulation

to the child. Most toddlers at Kenjeran with parents

educated College showed its development in the

category advanced with 50% getting the stimulation

of very often.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of research on the 176

respondents toddlers and parents in Kenjeran can be

concluded that most of the growth is good and most

bear toddler development of toddlers in the normal

category. Growth and development of toddlers

affected by various factors of the elderly including

level of education and knowledge, social work,

economics, information source, and frequency of

interaction and stimulus of parents towards their

children.

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