Improving Compliance using Helmet through Watching Video in

Vocational Student Riding Motorcycles

Suyanto and Hartono

Health Polytechnic of Surakarta

Keywords: Video, Helmet, Compliance, Head Injury.

Abstract: Various efforts have been made to reduce the risk of head injury due to motorcycle accident, but has not

succeeded. According to the police records, Surakarta has the highest ranks of motorcycle accident

compared to five other police areas in Central Java. An effort that has not been made to reduce the risk of

head injury is increase the knowledge about head injury, especially in the vocational students who use

motorcycles considering their age is included in groups at high risk of accidents and head injuries. The

study aims to analyze the effect of watching video on knowledge and compliance using helmet of

motorcycling students in Surakarta. The design of this study was quasi experiment using pre-post test

approach on population of vocational students in Surakarta with 343 sample using a knowledge

questionnaire due to head injury and compliance observation sheets using a helmet. Research data were

analyzed using Chi-square test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the knowledge

about head injuries before and after watching video. As for the compliance using a helmet there are

significant differences. Researchers suggest it is important to provide knowledge about head injury to

improve compliance using a helmet.

1 BACKGROUND

The World Health Organization (2014) states that

severe head injuries can cause death and disability.

For that motorcyclists need to be reminded of risk

factors of head injury that can cause permanent brain

damage. Moreover, when looking at the amount of

costs that must be incurred for the operation, the

purchase of drugs and nursing costs. Furthermore, it

is stated that the only effective way to reduce the

death rate due to head injuries to motorcyclists is to

use a helmet that can reduce the risk of injury

severity by 72% and the likelihood of death by 39%.

But until now all efforts to improve the compliance

of motorcyclists have been done but have not gained

maximum results. So it can be understood if the

accident rate is quite high as in the area of Surakarta

city police tend to rise. It can be seen on the record

number of head injuries in the emergency room of

Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Regional Hospital that

handle the majority of head injuries caused by traffic

accidents. At the national level the incidence of head

injuries ranks 3 of the 10 most common diseases in

several hospitals in Indonesia.

During this time the use of helmets by

motorcyclists perceived as a form of compliance

with the rules and applicable law that is Law No. 22

of 2009 on Traffic and Road Transport. This

approach favors the juridical approach of giving

legal sanctions to motorists who violate traffic

regulations. To change perceptions and compliance

using helmets using a health education approach has

not been widely developed. Some activities have

been carried out such safety riding campaign and

helmet user campaign but have not made compliance

with better helmets. It is hoped that through a health

education approach riders will be aware of a threat

to their health in the form of head injuries.

Methods for changing perceptions and

compliance may use video as a tool described by

Bastable (2002). Changing perceptions are expected

to change behaviors such as adherence to the advice

of health care workers.

Suyanto, . and Hartono, .

Improving Compliance using Helmet through Watching Video in Vocational Student Riding Motorcycles.

DOI: 10.5220/0008330106390641

In Proceedings of the 9th International Nursing Conference (INC 2018), pages 639-641

ISBN: 978-989-758-336-0

639

The results of research by Tondok et al. (2012)

note that helmets are used only when traveling far

away, or when there is a police or when

remembered. It was also revealed that their

compliance to helmets is not done wholeheartedly

because it simply obeys the rules or applicable laws.

This study was conducted on vocational students

who have different characteristics of students with

high school students who have been studied by

Suyanto and Puri (2013). The behavior of vocational

students who have a sense of freedom and tend to be

aggressive, especially when leaving and coming

home from school when using a motorcycle. So that

this research is expected to increase the

understanding of senior high school students as a

whole about the result of head injury and

compliance helmet

. For that the researcher is

interested to complete the existing research so it can

reveal whether the understanding of the impact of

head injury through health education using video

media can improve the compliance of the use of

helmets.

2 METHODS

The study used quasi-experimental pretest-posttest

design in the study population of vocational students

in the city of Surakarta. Sampling conducted as

much as 25% of 54 Vocational School so that the

number of samples of 12 Vocational School. The

number of 12 students of randomly determined

vocational as many as 4,997 people was taken 370

people randomly with purposive technique as the

sample. Sample were students who ride a

motorcycle while going to school. At the time of the

study there was one school with a sample size of 27

students withdrawing as respondents so the number

of samples became 343 people. Data were collected

in August and September 2017 by measuring the

knowledge of respondents using questionnaire

knowledge of the consequences of head injury

before and after watching the video. Compliance

with helmets was measured by observing the

students before watching the video as much as three

observations and after watching the video three

times the observations made when students came to

school. Video that will be watched respondents

containing the film head injury due to motorcycle

accident that does not use a helmet and brain surgery

(craniotomy). Data were analyzed using quadratic

test (chi-square) to see the difference between

variables before and after treatment.

3 RESULTS

Based on Table 1, we can see that knowledge of

respondents before and after watching video has p =

0.994. This mean that there are no significant

difference of knowledge between before and after

intervention.

Table 2 showed that the compliance of

respondents before and after watching the video has

a value of p = 0.000. It means that there is a

significant difference in compliance for using helmet

while riding a motorcycle between before and after

watching a video.

Table 1: Knowledge of respondents before and after watching video about using helmet when riding motorcycles.

Knowledge After Watching Video p-value

Before watching video

Good Average Total

0.000

n % n % n %

Good

338 98.6 1 0.3 339 98.8

Average

4 1.1 0 0 4 1.2

Total

342 99.7 1 0.3 343 343

Table 2: Compliance of respondents before and after watching video about using helmet when riding motorcycles.

Compliance After Watching Video p-value

Before watching video

Good Average Total

0,000

n % n % n %

Disobey

42 12 126 37 168 49

Obey

1 0.5 174 50.5 175 51

Total

43 12.5 300 87.5 343 100

INC 2018 - The 9th International Nursing Conference: Nurses at The Forefront Transforming Care, Science and Research

640

4 DISCUSSION

Respondent’s knowledge based on the data analysis

did not have differences between before and after

watching video. The results of this study differ from

the research conducted by Chrussiawanti et al.

(2015) on the relationship between knowledge and

compliance of safety riding in adolescents in Senior

High School 2 Sukoharjo mostly 63.4% enough

category and good only 19.7%. Similarly, when

compared with the results of research by Suyanto

and Puri (2013) who found that respondents

perceptions of high school students in Bandar

Lampung against the most head injury disease

before being given health education is not good that

is equal to 56%.

Some of these differences can be understood that

because information about head injuries for not

using helmets while riding a motorcycle has been

widely uploaded and easily accessible via the

internet and social media in various forms such as

video. Various parties such as the Police of the

Republic of Indonesia have also been counseling

about the rule of law and the Traffic Act about the

use of helmets for motorcyclists. Not to mention the

possibility that in the explanation of the law the use

of helmets is also touched on the effect that will be

experienced for motorcyclists who do not use a

helmet.

Compliance of respondents using helmets based

on analysis results there are differences in

compliance using helmets between before and after

watching video. This can be explained by Bastabel

(1999) which states that compliance has

manipulative and authoritarian tendencies so that

officers are regarded as authoritative figures.

However, it differs in the health field because every

individual has the right to make a decision to obey

or not follow the advice submitted by health

personnel. Thus it can be understood that

compliance is directly proportional to the objectives

to be achieved which are in great need of motivation

from the officer. Furthermore, this study

demonstrates compliance with the theories described

by Eraker et al and Laventhal and Cameron in

Bastable (1999) suggest that compliance in health

can be viewed from the field of biomedical

perspectives concerning the seriousness of illness

and the complexity of treatment. Respondents who

understand the seriousness of head injury and the

complexity of their handling will become obedient

with helmets. Such obedient behavior is due to a

good perception of the reasons for using a helmet

when riding a motorcycle. This can be seen in the

increasing number of well-informed respondens and

increased compliance.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Good knowledge about head injury but not followed

by compliance with a helmet should be the concern

of the school and related elements such as the

Indonesian Police and Health Department dealing

with health education through video showing the

cause and effect of head injury. So that compliance

is expected to increase so as to reduce the incidence

of head injury due to traffic accidents. A good

perception of why using a helmet is expected to

improve compliance with a helmet education to

adolescent in school.

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