4.4 The Relationship between Food
Types and Indigestion
Based on the results of this study, it was found that
there is a significant relationship between food types
and indigestion. Types of food are very important for
emptying the stomach. A large amount of food will
produce a large number of kimus. The exceeding
amount of kimus in the duodenum will slow the
process of emptying the stomach. Suratun (2010)
stated that spicy and acidic foods will stimulate the
stomach wall to remove stomach acid that can cause
injury to the wall of the stomach. Foods that contain
a lot of carbohydrates leave the stomach within a
few hours. Protein-rich foods last longer. They leave
the stomach slower, and the slowest discharged
foods after eating are fatty foods (Sherwood 2001).
Acidic foods are foods that stimulate the
digestive organs and can directly erode gastric
mucosa. Acidic foods stimulate excessive stomach
acid secretion and can stimulate increased motility or
peristalsis of the digestive organs, leading to
inflammation of the wound on the walls of the
digestive organs (Susanti, et al., 2011). Research
conducted by Susanti et al. (2011) indicated that
consuming spicy and sour foods affected the onset of
symptoms in the stomach. Another study conducted
by Angkow et al. (2014) demonstrated that there is a
significant relationship between types of food and
the occurrence of gastritis. Research by Pratiwi
(2013) indicated that there is a significant
relationship between types of eating with gastritis
occurrence. The results of this study showed that
respondents liked spicy and sour foods. Irritating
foods such as spicy foods can cause injury to the
stomach wall (Sediaoetama, 2008). Notoatmodjo
(2007) believes that consuming spicy and acidic
foods can cause excessive heat and pain in the pit of
the stomach, accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
4.5 The Relationship between Food
Types and Indigestion
Based on the results of this study, it was found that
there is no significant relationship between the
quantity of food consumed and indigestion. When
insufficient food was consumed, non-fulfillment was
evident, caused by an inadequate number of calories.
This resulted in a lower fulfillment of energy and
other nutrients required by the body. A poor diet is
seen in terms of quantity, type, and function, and, in
the long term, causes non-fulfillment of the body's
need for nutritional elements (including
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats).
According to the Health Department (2005) daily
portions of food should follow a balance of nutrients,
consisting of staple foods (3–5 portions per day),
side dish (2–3 portions per day), vegetables (2–3
portions per day) and fruit (3–5 portions per day).
The consumption behavior of a person, a family, or a
society is influenced by insight and perspective and
other factors related to appropriate actions. On the
other hand, nutrition is very useful for maintaining
health and preventing disease. The lack of nutrients
issue has lately caused the occurrence of diseases
due to incorrect diets, such as overeating or eating a
less-balanced diet. A study conducted by Pratiwi
(2013) indicated that there was no significant
relationship between quantity of food and gastritis.
Another research study conducted by Putri et al.
(2010) in which the frequency of food quantities
were analyzed, 100% of respondents consumed less
food than the body needed and the analysis results
concluded that there is a dietary relationship with the
occurrence of gastritis. The results showed that most
respondents had less carbohydrate, protein, and fat.
The lower nutritional value of carbohydrates can be
caused by the intake of less food than the body
needs. Carbohydrates are nutritional elements that
provide the main energy; the recommended
carbohydrate requirement is 60% of total calories
with a breakdown of 90% other than sugar, and 10%
sugar. Carbohydrate deficiencies in food
consumption can lead to a state of malnutrition.
Lower protein intakes can be caused by eating a
smaller quantity of food that is less than the body
requires and less varied types of food. Protein is a
nutrient that works for the growth and maintenance
of skin and nails, regulates fluid balance, the
formation of antibodies, and energy sources. Lack of
protein causes many problems such as weight loss,
weakness, muscle tissue shrinkage, and edema
(Erfandi 2009).
Lack of fat of respondents is caused by lack of
food intake in the body. The respondents’ preference
for types of food as a source of fat is less varied.
Basically, fat serves as a source and energy reserve.
Fat is stored in the tissue under the skin (Pratiwi,
2013). Fat deficiency can cause neurological and
vision problems, reproductive failure, and disorders
of the skin, kidneys, and liver (Erfandi, 2009).
Lower intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
will result in non-fulfillment of the functions of
these nutritional elements.
The Correlation Between the Type, Quantity, and Frequency of Eating with Defecation Patterns and Muslim Students’ Indigestion During
Ramadan Fasting
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