Design Concept of Catamaran Passenger Solar Power Boat for Gili

Ketapang Island, Probolinggo - Indonesia

Ahmad Nasirudin

and Abdul Hamdan

Department of Naval Architecture, Faculty of Marine Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,

60111 Keputih, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: Catamaran, Solar Power Boat, Parent Ship Design Method.

Abstract: Gili Ketapang is a small island with population of around 9,000 people. It is located at five miles north of

Tanjung Tembaga Port, Probolinggo, Java Island. Gili Ketapang Island is one of tourism destinations in

East Java. To get there, the residents and tourists use the diesel engine traditional wooden boats. Actually,

the boats are not intended for passenger only but sometimes also used for fishing activities as fishing

vessels. So, according to regulation, the aspects of safety are not fulfilled. Besides, by using diesel engine,

the boats are noisy, smoky, and smelly which are not comfortable for passenger. Therefore, this study

proposes a catamaran passenger solar boat concept which is fulfilled the aspect of safety and comfort for

passenger. By using Parent Design method to determine the dimension and by using slender body method to

estimate ship resistance, then the main dimension of the boat, motor power, battery capacity, and solar

power are obtained. The safety aspects are examined by calculating its freeboard and stability. A lines plan,

a general arrangement, and 3-Dimensional drawing of the boat are presented.

1 INTRODUCTION

Gili Ketapang is a small island where is located

around five miles north of Probolinggo city, East

Java, Indonesia. The area of Gili Ketapang is around

0.61 square kilometres with total population around

9,000 people.

Existing transportation from Gili Ketapang

Island to Java and vice versa are diesel engine

traditional wooden boats. The boats are not only

used by residents but also tourists who want to visit

Gili Ketapang Island as one of tourism destination.

But, they are indicated not fulfilled the regulation,

because they are not intended for passenger only but

sometimes also used for fishing activities as fishing

vessels.

Figure 1: Existing Boat

Besides, the boats use diesel engine as main

propulsion, as a result they are noisy, smoky, and

smelly which are not comfortable for passenger

especially tourists. Therefore, this study is aimed to

design a concept of passenger boat for Gili Ketapang

Island by considering safety and comfort aspect by

using catamaran hullform, electric motor, and solar

power as additional electrical energy source.

2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Data Collection

Two methods data collection are applied, survey on

the location to get primary data and collecting data

from articles, catalogues, and reports as secondary

data. The primary data is related to the number of

potential passengers across the route per-day and

length of travel time. The secondary data is related

to such as main dimension of reference boat, battery

and solar panel specification, and effective solar

irradiation.

106

Nasirudin, A. and Hamdan, A.

Design Concept of Catamaran Passenger Solar Power Boat for Gili Ketapang Island, Probolinggo - Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0008543201060111

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA 2018), pages 106-111

ISBN: 978-989-758-436-7

2.2 Payload Determination

Payload is determined by analysing the number of

passenger crossing the route i.e. Tanjung Tembaga

Port to Gili Ketapang Island and vice versa by using

simple average method.

2.3 Main Dimension and Lines Plan

Determination

Main dimension is determined by using Parent

Design Approach and lines plan of the boat is

generated by following the shape of reference boat.

2.4 Ship Resistance and Motor Power

Estimation

Slender body method (Michell, 1898) is applied to

estimate ship resistance at several speed conditions.

Additional resistance is added by considering

weather condition. Whilst, required motor power is

calculated at service speed condition by considering

total efficiency and NCR (Normal Continuous Rate)

around 70% of MCR (Maximum Continuous Rate).

2.5 Battery Capacity and Solar Power

Calculation

Required capacity of battery is calculated based on

the motor power at desired speed and endurance of

the boat during operation.

(1)

where E

is required capacity of battery energy in

kilowatt-hour (kWh), P

B@NCR

is motor break power

at normal continuous rate in kilowatt (kW), t is boat

endurance in hour (h), and DOD is depth of

discharge of the battery.

Solar power is calculated based on the area of the

boat roof or number of solar panel, while the energy

harvested by solar panel is calculated based on the

power installed and effective sun irradiation

(productivity) per-day.

(2)

where E

is energy harvested by solar panel in

kilowatt-hour (kWh), P

is solar power in kilowatt

(kW), p is effective sun irradiation (productivity) in

hour (h).

2.6 Lightweight and Deadweight

Calculation

Lightweight is calculated based on the lightweight of

reference boat without considering weight of

existing motors, batteries, and solar panels then new

weight of motor, batteries, and solar panel based on

current calculation are added.

In this case, the deadweight is the number of

passenger, crew, and weight of freshwater. As

lightweight calculation, deadweight is also

calculated based on the deadweight of reference boat

then updated by current number of passengers and

weight of freshwater.

2.7 Freeboard and Stability Evaluation

The required minimum freeboard of the boat is

calculated by using Small Craft Code by MCA, UK

and criteria of boat stability is taken from HSC

(High Speed Craft) 2000 Code (International

Maritime Organisation, 2000).

2.8 General Arrangement and 3-D

Drawing

General Arrangement is drawn as final drawing after

all calculations and evaluations are done then 3-D

image is created based on general arrangement

drawing.

Figure 2: Flowchart of method

Design Concept of Catamaran Passenger Solar Power Boat for Gili Ketapang Island, Probolinggo - Indonesia

107

3 ANALYSIS AND RESULT

3.1 Payload Determination

The number of passenger is as a payload. Since,

there has no official data, the number of passenger is

taken from direct measurement on the location

regarding to the number of passenger per-trip (boat).

From the four days observation on the location has

been known that there has around 10 trips a day. The

peak time occurs in the morning and afternoon

which has total around six trips. The payload is

determined from the calculation of the average

number of passenger during peak time i.e. around 46

passengers. The data collected and the average

calculation result are shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Payload calculation

3.2 Main Dimension

The main dimension of the boat is determined by

using Parent Design Approach. This is the simplest

method in the designing a boat which is taking

directly the main dimension from a similar boat type

as reference. The main dimension of the boat for this

study is shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Main Dimension.

Item Dimension

Lwl, Length water line 14.12 m

B, total Beam 5 m

b, breadth of demihull 1.48 m

T, draught 1.2 m

H, depth 2 m

Δ, Total displacement

21 ton

3.3 Lines Plan

Based on the main dimension, the lines plan is

generated. The generation of lines plan is following

the shape of the reference boat. The result of lines

plan is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Lines Plan

3.4 Ship Resistance and Motor Power

Estimation

Based on the data collected, the time travel duration

from Tanjung Tembaga Port to Gili Ketapang Island

is around 40 minutes by using the existing boats.

With the distance of five nautical miles then the

average boat speed can be known i.e. around 8

(eight) knots. By using slender body method [1],

resistance of the boat with 8 knots speed is obtained

around 3.05 kN. Based on the resistance value and

the assumption of additional power for the weather

effect is around 30%, the total propulsive efficiency

is around 53%, then the break power of motor at

NCR (Normal Continuous Rate) is obtained around

31 kW. The motor break power estimation at

different speed is shown in Figure 3. With the

typical electric motor which has NCR about 70%

then the break power at MCR (Maximum

Continuous Rate) can be known i.e. about 44 kW or

2x22 kW (catamaran). It means that, based on

Figure 5, the maximum speed of the boat can be

reach only around 9 knots.

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Figure 5: Motor Power

3.5 Battery Capacity Calculation

Battery capacity is calculated based on Equation 1.

In this case, the boat endurance is planned along 240

minutes or around 4 hours which is equal to 6 trips

(3 round trips). By using Lithium battery type which

has capability of 80% DOD and based on Equation

2, the battery energy required is obtained around 155

kWh. This energy required is equal to 16 batteries

with specification of 48 volt and 200 Ah capacities.

If the boat is run at maximum speed 9 knots then the

endurance of the boat is only 2.8 hours.

3.6 Solar Power Calculation

Solar power is calculated based on the area of the

boat roof. In this case, based on the main dimension

of the boat, the area of boat roof which is possible to

install with solar panel is around 8 m x 5 m. By

using specification of solar panel with size 1.6 m x 1

m and its each power is around 250 watt then the

number of solar panel is obtained around 22 panels

and the power is around 5.5 kW.

The energy harvested by solar panel is calculated

by using Equation 2. By using productivity

(effective sun irradiation) a day is around 4.6 hours

(Rumbayan et.al., 2012) then the maximum energy

can be harvested by solar panel is around 25.3 kWh

per-day. This is equal to around 16% of total energy

required by boat for propulsion system.

3.7 Lightweight and Deadweight

Calculation

Lightweight of reference boat without existing

motors, batteries, and solar panels is around 14 tons.

The current power motor is around 2 x 22 kW.

Based on reference (Aquawatt Catalogue) the weight

of motor is 40 kg each, thus the total weight of

motors is 80 kg. Meanwhile, the battery capacity of

current design is 155 kW or around 16 batteries.

Based on the reference (Aquawatt Catalogue, 2016)

the weight of each battery is 125 kg, then total of

battery system weight is 2 tons. The last is the

weight of solar panels. With 22 panels, while the

weight of each panel is around 20 kg (Neo Solar

Power Catalogue) then the total weight of panels is

440 kg. Finally, the lightweight of current design is

the total of lightweight of reference boat without

existing systems plus the weight of new systems i.e.

around 16.44 ton.

Meanwhile, the deadweight is the number of

passenger, crew, and weight of freshwater. In this

case, the number of passengers is 46 persons, two

crews, and one cubic meter freshwater. So, the

deadweight of current design is 4.6 ton.

3.8 Freeboard Evaluation

The required minimum freeboard of the boat is

calculated by using Small Craft Code by MCA, UK

(Marine and Coast Guard Agency). Based on the

calculation is known that allowed minimum

freeboard for this boat is around 60 cm while the

actual freeboard is 80 cm. It means that, the

freeboard of the boat is fulfilled the regulation.

3.9 Stability Evaluation

Boat stability is evaluated by using criteria of HSC

2000 Code (International Maritime Organisation,

2000). Stability of the boat is evaluated with 3

(three) loading conditions i.e. lightship condition,

half-load condition, and full-load condition. Based

on the calculations as summarised in Table 2 are

known that the all loading condition of the boat are

fulfilled the requirements.

Design Concept of Catamaran Passenger Solar Power Boat for Gili Ketapang Island, Probolinggo - Indonesia

109

Table 2: Stability evaluation.

3.10 General Arrangement and 3-D

Image

Based on the dimension of the boat, lines plan,

number of passengers, motor, battery, and solar

panels and also with regard to the stability

evaluation then the position of passenger seating,

motor and battery placement are arranged. The

General Arrangement of the boat is shown in Figure

6 and 3-D image can be seen in Figure 7.

Figure 6: General Arrangement

Figure 7: 3-D Image

4 CONCLUSIONS

A concept of a catamaran passenger solar power

boat for Gili Ketapang Island, Probolinggo,

Indonesia has been designed. The capacity of the

boat is 46 passengers. By using parent ship design

approach, the main dimensions of the boat is 14.12

meters length, 5 meters maximum breadth, 1.48

meters breadth of demihull, 1.2 meters draught, 2

meters depth, and 21 tons displacement. By 8 knots

service speed, the power required is around 31 kW

(NCR condition) and 44 kW at MCR with maximum

speed around 9 knots. The battery capacity of 155

kWh can cover around 6 trips or 4 hours endurance

at 8 knots (service speed) or covers around 2.8 hours

endurance at 9 knots (maximum speed). The 155

Criteria Req.

Loading Condition

Lig

Half Full

1 Area 0 to 30

≥ 3.5856

m.deg

22.5

24.5

24.3

Angle of

max. GZ

(intact)

≥ 10

26.4

29.1

30.0

Area

between GZ

and HTL

≥ 1.604

m.deg

7.79

7.01

6.43

Value of

max

GZ(damage)

≥ 0,05m

1.42

1.39

1.38

Angle of

equilibrium

with gust

wind

≤ 10

0.6 0.5 0.5

Passenger

Crowding

Heeling arm

≤ 10

0 7.56 8.92

Range of

positive

stability(da

mage)

≥ 15

135.

132.

128.

Status Pass Pass

Pas

SENTA 2018 - The 3rd International Conference on Marine Technology

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kWh battery capacity is equal to is equal to 16

batteries of 48 volt and 200 Ah. The solar power can

be installed to the boat is around 5.5 kW which can

produce energy around 25.3 kWh per-day or around

16% of total energy required. Freeboard and stability

of the boat are fulfilled the requirement set by Small

Craft Code, MCA, UK and HSC 2000 Code.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thank you addressed to Department of Naval

Architecture, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Institut

Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

for supporting financially to join this conference.

REFERENCES

J.H. Michell, 1898. The Wave Resistance of a Ship,

Philosophical Magazine. vol 45. pp 106-123.

Marine and Coast Guard Agency. Marine Guidance Note,

MGN280, Small Vessels in Commercial Use for Sport

or Pleasure, Workboats and Pilot Boats – Alternative

Construction Standards, MCA.

International Maritime Organisation, HSC, 2000.

International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft,

IMO. London.

Rumbayan, M., Abudureyimu, A., Nagasaka, K., 2012.

Mapping of solar energy potential in Indonesia using

artificial neural network and geographical information

system, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

vol. 16. Issue 3. pp. 1437-1449.

Aquawatt Catalogue. Drehstrom Innenbord Motoren mit

digitaler Motorsteuerung 4,3-40kW, luf oder

wassergekühlt, Aquawatt. Berlin.

Aquawatt Catalogue, 2016. Safe Lithium Ion High Energy

Batteries for Electric Propulsion, Chargers on Board

Supply, EN 3.

Neo Solar Power Catalogue. D6P-B3A 250W-280W Multi-

Crystalline Photovoltaic Module, NSP.

Design Concept of Catamaran Passenger Solar Power Boat for Gili Ketapang Island, Probolinggo - Indonesia

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