![](bg2.png)
the results of discussions with teammates for this
course, it is necessary to undertake action research to
improve learning outcomes, generate student
creativity and ideas that are fun for students, through
use of Jigsaw cooperative learning. This would also
build personal and group responsibility and change
the learning method used by lecturers. The lecturer
would not be the only source of learning (teacher
centered) but peers could also become a source of
knowledge. Because of these factors, the author
designed and conducted this research with the title of
Improving Student Learning Quality Through Jigsaw
Cooperative Learning Methods in Communication
Theory Courses.
2 METHOD
2.1 Jigsaw Method
Jigsaw method is a type of cooperative learning that
encourages students to be active and help each other
in mastering lecture material and gain understanding
(Evcim and İpek, 2013; Hong et.al, 2012). Aronson
first developed the jigsaw method. In this study
students were put into small groups consisting of 4-6
people. Each group was given information that
addressed one of the topics of the course.
In the implementation of jigsaw cooperative
learning, students work in two different groups, in
their own groups and in expert groups. A group of
students that has the same information is known as
the expert group. In this group, each student discusses
and looks for the best way to explain that part of the
information to their original group members. Then all
students in this expert group returned to their original
group, and each of them explains the information to
their group friends.
2.2 The Basics of the Jigsaw Method
The Jigsaw method, as well as other group learning
processes, is an effective way to vary the atmosphere
of class discussion. Assuming that discussion
requires arrangements to control the class as a whole,
and the procedures used in the cooperative phase can
give students more time to think, respond and help
each other.
2.3 Elements of the Jigsaw Method
Jigsaw learning is more than learning in groups. Basic
elements of learning that are carried out include (1)
"Make it easy for students to learn using something
"useful" such as facts, skills, values, concepts, and
how to live in harmony with each other” (2)
Knowledge, values and skills are recognized by those
who are competent in assessing (Garcia et.al, 2017;
Tewksbury, 1995; The Foundation Coalition, 2001).
According to Anita Lie, the Jigsaw method, along
with other group-based learning, contains interrelated
elements, including:
1. Positive Interdependence.
It does not mean that students depend entirely on
other students. If students rely on others without
giving or being depended on by others it cannot
be called positive interdependence. Johnson at the
University of Minnesota, Shlomo Sharan (Sharan,
1999) at Tel Aviv University, and Robert E.
Slavin (Slavin, 1980) at John Hopkins, have
become researchers and practitioners who
develop Cooperative Learning as a learning model
that can improve student achievement while
honing student interpersonal intelligence and
create an atmosphere that encourages students to
feel a mutual need. This feeling is called positive
interdependence. This interdependence can be
achieved through the use of goals, tasks, materials
or learning resources, roles, and gifts.
2. Individual Accountability.
The jigsaw model requires individual
accountability as it involves measuring the
understanding of each group member and is gives
feedback about the learning achievements of the
members, so they know which partners who need
help. Unlike in traditional groups where
individual accountability is often overlooked so
that a few members may do most of the tasks, in
the jigsaw model students are responsible for the
tasks carried out by each member.
3. Face to Face Interaction.
Cooperative interaction requires all members of
the learning group to be face-to-face so that they
can dialogue not only with lecturers but also with
peers. Students often find it easier to learn from
peers than from lecturers.
4. Social Skill.
This element requires students to be provided by
a variety of social skills, such as leadership,
decisions making, trust building, management
communication, and conflict skills. Other social
skills such as tolerance, politeness to peer,
criticizing the ideas, daring to maintain a logical
mindset, not dominating others, being
ICED-QA 2018 - International Conference On Education Development And Quality Assurance
30