Effect of Types and Application of Organic Ingredients against

Soybean Results (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) on Peat Planting Medium

Hapsoh, Isna Rahma Dini, Wawan and Nuranti

University of Riau Kampus Bina Widya Km 12,5 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia

Keywords: Rice Straw, Soybean Litter, Spread, Immersed, Peat Medium.

Abstract: Soybeansare one of food crops thatgrow with shallow roots that can be cultivated on peat soil, but there are

still many obstacles, one of which is due to poor peat nutrients. Therefore, there needs to be an effort to

overcome it by providing organic material for plant waste that can help in increasing nutrients in peat soil.

The study aimed to determine the interaction and the best combination between the type organic matters and

application method to the yield of soybeans in peat soil. The study was conducted in the form of a trial using

a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the

provision of organic matter of rice straw, soybean litter, oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), and the

second factor was application byimmersing and spreading. The results showed that the components of yield

of soybean through application of rice straw with application spread and soy litter with immersed application

show high yields on the total number of pods per plant, number of pithy pods per plant, number of pithy seeds

per plant and seed weight dry per plant. Furthermore, the combination of OPEFB with two applications does

not show good effect on the yield parameters of soybean plants.

1 INTRODUCTION

The limitation of productive land causes agricultural

extensionleading to marginal lands. Peatlands are one

type of land that include criteria marginal land that

has the potential to be used as agricultural land. Riau

is one of the provinces that has extensive peatlands

and has enough potential to be developed as

agricultural land (Suwondo, 2002).

Damage to the peat ecosystem is resulted from

wrong land management and the selection of

commodities that are not in accordance with the

characteristics of peatland. Government Regulation

No 57 of 2016 concerning amendments to

Government Regulation No. 71 of 2014 concerning

the protection and management of peat ecosystems

article 23 paragraph 3 which reads the peat ecosystem

with a cultivation function declared to be damaged if

it meets the standard criteria for groundwater damage

on peat land more than 0.4 meters below the surface

of the peat at the point of arrangement. Therefore, it

is necessary to determine which plants are suitable for

cultivation on peat lands for the sake of the

sustainability of the peat ecosystem.

Soybean plants are included in the legume group

which has shallow roots and can be cultivated on peat

soil. The use of peatland as a growing medium for

legume plants turns out to meet many limiting factors

in its exploitation, such as poor nutrient and high

evaporation which causes peat soil to dry out like

charcoal so that the soil is no longer productive.

Therefore, there needs to be an effort to overcome the

problems found on peat soil, one of which is by

providing organic matter from plant waste. The role

of giving organic matter to the soil is related to

changes in soil properties, namely the physical,

biological, and chemical properties of the soil.

Rice straw, soybean litter and oil palm empty fruit

bunches (OPEFB) are organic materials of plant

waste that have good potential as a source of nutrients

for plants, energy sources for soil fauna and

microorganisms and as soil cover to maintain soil

temperature and humidity. Nevertheless organic

matter is often not utilized by farmers due to its

unknown function.

Composting organic matter such as

Lignocellulose-containing OPEFB requires a long

time. To overcome this, an alternative is needed that

can speed up the composting process. Huang et al.

(Huang et al.2009) stated that the use of

microorganism inoculants aims to accelerate

composting and improve the final product.

Hapsoh, ., Dini, I., Wawan, . and Nuranti, .

Effect of Types and Application of Organic Ingredients against Soybean Results (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) on Peat Planting medium.

DOI: 10.5220/0008883501590164

In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2018) - , pages 159-164

ISBN: 978-989-758-437-4

159

Microorganisms that can accelerate the

decomposition process are cellulolytic

microorganisms Azhari (Azhari, 2000). Cellulolytic

microorganisms are microorganisms that are able to

degrade cellulose enzymatically through the activity

of cellulase enzymes, one of which is bacteria.

In addition to organic matter which can affect the

nature of peat soil and the yield of soybean plants, the

way the application also influences it. Giving organic

matter to the soil can be done by mixing organic

matter into the soil and also as mulch (Pauza, 2016).

Mulch has been reported to increase yield by creating

soil temperature and a favorable moisture regime

(Han and Ma, 1995). Mulch is a crop residue, plastic

sheet, or stone arrangement that is spread on the

ground. Mulch is the right strategy to reduce

evaporation, accelerate plant development, reduce

erosion and help control weeds. As a result of

reduced evaporation, mulch-treated soils improve

water conservation, especially in the soil at the top

(Godawatte and Silva, 2014). This study aims to

determine the interaction and determine the best

combination between the type and method of

application of organic matter to the yield of soybeans

in peat planting medium.

2 METHOD

This research was conducted at the Experimental

Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of

Riau Campus Bina Widya Km 12.5 SimpangBaru

Village Panam, Tampan District, Pekanbaru, Riau.

This study lasted for 4 months starting from August

to November 2017.

The experiment was conducted experimentally

which was arranged in a completely randomized

design (CRD) factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors.

First factor: organic matter of plant waste (O),

namely: O1 (125 g-

medium rice straw), O2

(soybean litter 125 g-

medium), O3 (oil palm empty

fruit bunches (OPEFB) 125 g-

medium) and the

second factor: how to apply organic matter (C),

namely: C1 (immersed) and C2 (spread).

Parameters observed in this study were plant

height, number of productive branches, age of

flowering, total number of pods per plant, number of

potted pods per plant, number of empty pods per

plant, number of seeds per plant, and dry seed weight

of each plant.The data obtained were statistically

analyzed using statistical analysis system (SAS)

Version 9.1 program, then further testing was carried

out by duncan multiple distance test's new multipe

range test (DNMRT) at the level of 5%.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Plant Height, Number of

Productive Branches, Age of

Flower Emergence, Total Number

of Pods per Plant, Number of Pods

Containing Each Plant, Number of

Empty Pods per Plant, Number of

Seeds per Plant and Dry Seed

Weight of Each Plant

Table 1 shows that the treatment of organic matter,

the ways of application of organic matter and a

combination of both give different results not

significant to plant height, number of productive

branches and the age of flowering of soybean plants.

This is influenced by genetic factors such as the use

of the same variety and also the ability of soybean

plants to be symbiotic with Rhizobium to tether N2

from the air.

Zainal et al. (Zainal et al.2014) explained that

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that is needed by

plants in quite a lot. Vegetative growth such as plant

height growth and formation of productive branches

formed are influenced by N availability. N nutrients

are needed by plants to produce protein and

chlorophyll and maintain photosynthetic efficiency,

so that the process of plant physiology runs well. The

number of productive branches produced is likely to

be a lot of flowers.

Flowering age or when the first flower emerges

from varieties planted at the same time and

environment the age of flowering in plants is also

almost the same. Research uses the same variety but

the organic material given as a different treatment by

means of application is also different, so it can be

expected that genetic factors predominantly affect the

age of flowering. Lakitan (Lakitan, 2007) states that

a flowering plant is also influenced by its variety.

Varieties play an important role in determining the

components of soybean products because to achieve

high productivity is very much determined by the

potential power yield of the superior varieties planted

(Irwan, 2006).

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160

Keterangan:

- TNP (Total number of pods),

- NPP (Number of pithy pods),

- NEP (Number of empty pods), - NSP (The number of

seeds is pithy), dan

- DSW (Dry seed weight).

A plant will give a different response to different

environments. The data in Table 2 provides

information about the role and function of the

treatment given. The data in Table 2 show that the

combination of organic matter of rice straw by means

of distributed application produces the total number

of pods per plant (93.67 pods), the number of seeds

per plant (91.33 pods), the number of seeds per plant

(195.00 seeds) and dry seedweight for each plant

18.36 g) highest compared to other combinations. It

is suspected that rice straw that is spread on the

surface of peat soil serves to protect the soil surface

from direct sunlight which can cause evaporation so

that the water content in the soil can be maintained

and the water needs for plants are fulfilled.

Comparison of planting medium after being given

organic matter by means of the application spread

shown in Figure 1.

Table 1: Growth of soybean plants after being given several organic ingredients and their application ways.

Treatment

Soybean Plant Growth

Plant height Number of Productive Branches Flowers appear

(Cm) (Branch) (Dap)

Organic material (O)

Rice straw (O1)

Soybean litter (O2)

OPEFB (O3)

56,67

55,50

58,67

6,00

6,33

5,67

41,17

40,67

Application method (C)

Immersed (C1)

Spread (C2)

55,00

58,00

5,89

6,11

41,33

40,67

Organic ingredients & application ways

O1C1

O1C2

O2C1

O2C2

O3C1

O3C2

55,67

56,67

50,00

61,00

59,33

58,00

5,67

6,33

7,00

5,67

5,00

6,33

41,33

41,00

41,67

40,67

41,00

40,33

Table 2: Components of yield and yield of soybean plants after being given organic matter and the application method.

Treatment

Components of Results for each Plant The results of each plant

TNPNPPNEPNSP DSW

(Pod) (Pod) (Pod) (Seed) (g)

Organic material (O)

Rice straw (O1)

Soybean litter (O2)

OPEFB (O3)

80,83

77,83

65,83

78,67

75,50

64,33

2,16

2,33

1,50

162,83

156,00

124,67

15,86

14,88

12,10

Application method (C)

Immersed (C1)

Spread (C2)

76,67

73,00

73,89

71,78

2,78

1,22

145,44

150,22

13,85

14,71

Organic ingredients &

application ways

O1C1

O1C2

O2C1

O2C2

O3C1

O3C2

68,00

93,67

93,00

62,67

69,00

62,67

66,00

91,33

89,33

61,67

66,33

62,33

2,00

2,33

3,67

1,00

2,67

0,33

130,67

195,00

179,00

133,00

126,67

122,67

13,36

18,36

16,03

13,73

12,16

12,03

Effect of Types and Application of Organic Ingredients against Soybean Results (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) on Peat Planting medium

161

Figure 1: medium of application of rice straw spread (a), soybean litter application medium spread (b),the media planted the

OPEFB application is spread (c).

The provision of organic matter to the planting

medium gives an influence on the yield and yield

components of soybean. Figure 1 shows the

difference in soil surface given organic matter with

the application spread.

The organic matter of rice straw by means of

spread (Figure 1.a) gives higher yields, this is because

the organic matter of rice straw spread on the soil

surface is able to cover the soil perfectly compared to

organic soybean litter and OPEFB. This condition is

caused by the organic matter of soybean litter being

spread on the surface of peat soil (Figure 1.b) unable

to cover the soil properly due to soybean litter

exposed to sunlight and rainwater which are easily

weathered and wrinkled so that the soil surface is

more open. This condition causes excessive

evaporation of peat soil is still happening, this is no

different from the provision of OPEFB. Tie and Lim

(Tie and Lim, 1992) state that peat has irreversible

drying properties which means that once there is

excessive dryness the nature of peat colloids will

become damaged so that the peat cannot return to

hold water. Peat which is already dry changes its

properties like charcoal and can no longer absorb

nutrients (Chotimah, 2002).

Subhan and Sumana (Subhan and Sumana, 1994)

in Marliah et al. (Marliah et al.2011) stated, the use of

organic mulch such as straw will provide a good

growth environment for plants because it can reduce

evaporation, prevent direct sunlight from excessive

exposure to soil and moisture can be maintained so

that plants can absorb nutrients and water properly.

Besides that the organic material of rice straw which

has been chopped and then spread on the ground

surface is very strong to hold water compared to other

organic materials. Irfany et al. (Irfany et al.2016)

states that high soil moisture indicates that the water

contained in the soil is also high so that the need for

water for plants can be fulfilled. The availability of

enough water to meet the water needs of plants is very

important. If the availability of ground water is less

for the plants as a result of water as photosynthetic

raw material, the transportation of the nutrient will be

hampered so that it will affect the production

produced (Felania, 2017).

Water capacity is less available causing plant

development to be disrupted so that the formation of

pods and filling of pods will be inhibited. In addition

to water, nutrients also affect the development of

soybean plants. Comparison of the total number of

pods and the number of seeds pithy after being given

organic matter and the application method are shown

in Figures 2 and 3.

Figures 2 and 3 show a comparison of the total

number of pods and the number of seeds of p plants

per soybean in each treatment. The provision of rice

straw with the spread application (O1C2) showed the

highest total number of pods and number of pithy

seeds followed by the provision of soybean porridge

with the Immersed application. The provision of

soybean litter organic material (O2C1) in Immersed

shows high yields after the combination of organic

matter of rice straw with the application spread over

other treatments.

a b c

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162

Figure 3: Pithy seed:immersed rice straw (O

), spread rice straw (O

),immersed soy litter (O

), spread soy litter (O

immersed OPEFB (O

), and spread OPEFB (O

The data in Table 2 shows that the combination of

organic matter of soybean litter by means of

application is immersed to produce the total number

of pods per plant (93.00 pods), number of pithy pods

per plant (89.33 pods), number of pithy seeds per

plant (179.00 seeds ) and the highest dry seed weight

per plant (16.06 g) compared to the treatment of rice

straw in immersed, soybean litter was spread and the

OPEFB was immersed or spread. This condition is

due to the embedded soy litter containing high

nutrients, especially N and easily decomposed. This

condition causes the soaked soy litter to provide more

nutrients and faster than other treatments.

Nitrogen acts as a constituent of chlorophyll and

chlorophyll which controls the ability of plants to

carry out photosynthesis (Setyanti et al., 2013).

Photosynthesis results will be translocated by the

plant to the branch of the plant.

The data in Table 2 shows the number of empty

pods produced by each crop, namely the average of

2-3 planted pods. The lowest number of empty pods

is in the OPEFB growing medium. Although the total

number of pods produced is small, but when

associated with total pods, the application of OPEFB

is still less able to show high yields, this is suspected

when the pods are blocked due to water and nutrients

needed by the plants are not available.

Formation of pods, seed formation and increase in

soybean seed weight are influenced by the availability

of water and nutrients, if water and nutrients are less

available it can cause the formation of pithy seeds to

be disturbed so that the seeds produced are few. This

condition is not different from the provision of

OPEFB organic matter.

The combination of OPEFB which was applied in

the method of Immersed (O3C1) or spread (O3C2)

did not show a tendency for high yields even though

the vegetative phase showed the same growth but in

the generative phase showed differences in results.

This is because the organic matter of OPEFB contains

high lignin which causes the duration of decomposed

organic matter compared to other organic materials.

The length of decomposed organic OPEFB

organic matter causes nutrients available in the soil to

be used by soil organisms as energy to remodel

organic matter that causes nutrients needed by plants

less available. Whereas the Immersed organic matter

of OPEFB is not able to cover the soil perfectly and

is very weak in holding water which can cause high

evaporation of peat soils can occur.

Figure 2: Total pods per soybean plant:immersed rice straw (O

), spread rice straw (O

),immersed soy litter (O

spread soy litter (O

), immersed OPEFB (O

), and spread OPEFB (O

Effect of Types and Application of Organic Ingredients against Soybean Results (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) on Peat Planting medium

163

Insufficient nutrients and water can inhibit the

formation of pods and fill pods so that the yield and

yield components of soybean plants decrease.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The provision of various organic materials and the

application method gives no different results on

growth parameters such as plant height, number of

productive branches and age of flowering, but on the

yield components of soybean plants through the

provision of rice straw with application spread and

soy litter with immersed applications tend to show

high yields on the total number of pods per plant,

number of pithy pods per plant, number of pithy seeds

per plant and dry seed weight of each plant.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thank you the Ministry of Higher Education. The

research is done through the Competency Grant

Research which has funded this research.

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