Relationship between Family Income of Pottery Craftsmen and
Pottery Production Power in Maregam Village, Tidore Islands City
Kusrini
1
and Hasmawati
2
1
Geography Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Khairun University, Ternate
2
Civics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Khairun University, Ternate
Keywords: Factors of production, Pottery craft, Income of craftsmen
Abstract: This study aims to determine the production factors that support earthenware crafts and their influence or
contribution to the family income of pottery craftsmen. The method used in this study is a type of survey
method to describe the condition of pottery craftsmen according to the facts found in the field. The study
population was people who lived in Maregam Village, totaling 477 people (Kota Tidore Kepulauan in
Numbers, 2016). The research used probability sampling technique. Data collection research was conducted
by means of interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Respondents of this research data were people
living in Maregam Village and doing pottery craft activities. The results obtained illustrate that the
production factor of pottery production tends to be influenced by capital, transportation and raw material
factors, such as the linear regression equation model: Y = 17,387 Capital -4,639 Transportation - 9,616 Raw
Material - 8,975 with R
2
= 0,279. The relationship between the production of pottery craft and the
contribution of craftsmen's income to their family income is used Product Moment correlation analysis, with
the value of r = 0.71, which is interpreted as pottery production has a strong influence on the contribution of
the family of pottery craftsmen.
1 INTRODUCTION
To improve the rural economy, as an effective
solution to reduce the desire of people in the village
to work outside their home areas, it requires support
from the government to always seek village-based
economic programs. Maregam Village is one of the
administrative areas of South Tidore Subdistrict,
Tidore Islands City which has the potential of
natural resources in the form of clay wealth to be
used as raw material for making pottery.
The people of Maregam Village generally have
the skills to make pottery which is passed down
from generation to generation from their parents.
Almost all women in Maregam Village have skills in
making pottery crafts since they were teenagers. One
of the unique processes of earthenware crafts is that
it does not use modern tools or technology, but the
size produced is uniform. The unique feature of
pottery collection in Maregam Village is that pottery
craftsmen are only done by women because there is
their belief that they will experience a bad event if a
man is involved in making pottery.
Pottery production from Maregam Village is
marketed in the North Maluku region even outside
North Maluku Province. The farther the reach of the
marketing area, the higher the price of pottery. Some
of the pottery produced by the people of Maregam
Village is ngura-ngura (cover container), incense
and pottery with various sizes and shapes. The
pottery business in this village has developed into a
tradition that has been passed down from one
generation to the next. In addition, making pottery is
one of the focuses of the basic livelihoods of the
people in this village.
As factors supporting the production of pottery in
the Maregam Village, among others are capital
factors, transportation media as a liaison between the
surrounding islands, and the availability of raw
materials to support production in pottery craft in the
village of Maregam. This research was conducted to
obtain an overview of the contribution of pottery
production power to the income of the earthenware
craftsmen family in Maregam Village. Some of the
problems formulated in this study include: 1). What
characteristics support the family income of pottery
craftsmen in Maregam Village and, 2). How big is
, K. and , H.
Relation of Family Income of Pottery Craftsmen to Pottery Production Power in Maregam Village, Tidore Islands City.
DOI: 10.5220/0008897700750080
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2018), pages 75-80
ISBN: 978-989-758-439-8
Copyright
c
2021 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
75
the influence of pottery production on the income
characteristics of the earthenware craftsmen family
in Maregam Village
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 Conceptual Basis
Handoko (2000) defines productivity as a measure
of the relationship between input and output in the
production system. A form of business has high
productivity if there is an increase in the value of
production to the amount of capacity of its input
elements. Productivity can be interpreted as relative
size, the size value displayed by the power of
production. According to Mandel (1983),
productivity is the ratio of production output to be
used by parties outside the organization that cover
all types of products. Productivity is determined by
the resources used to achieve production goals.
According to Riyanto (1998) capital is the
production used to produce further. Capital consists
of all capital both working capital (raw material
purchases, labor wages) and fixed capital
(equipment purchases and depreciation) that are
used to support the productivity of earthenware
crafts. The source of capital used by craftsmen is
personal capital and loans from outside parties.
Transportation costs are one of the production costs
and influential factors in earthenware crafts in
Maregam Village. For the continuity of the
production process, it is also determined by the
availability of raw materials. The more difficult it is
to get raw materials, the more inhibits the production
process or can increase production costs.
2.2 Datasets Used
Primary data was obtained from direct interviews
with respondents with a list of questions prepared in
advance. Data collected includes:
a) Data on socio-economic characteristics of
pottery craftsmen include: age, education,
number of family members, work of husband,
wife"s job, side job, length of work.
b) Data about raw materials for making pottery.
c) Data on the amount of business capital used for
making pottery.
d) Media transportation to market pottery
products.
e) Income includes: income from craft pottery and
non-pottery products.
Secondary data can be obtained through the Village
office, Subdistrict office, Central Bureau of
Statistics office and other agencies related to this
research.
The research location covers the Mare Island
area, South Tidore Subdistrict, Tidore Islands City.
Geographically the research area was limited by
coordinates 127 23 BT - 127 25 BT and 0 34
LU - 0 35 LU. (Figure 1). The study population
was 428 people living in Maregam village with an
area of 650 Ha (Central Bureau of Statistics, Tidore
Islands city, 2017).
Figure 1. Research location in Maregam Village,
Mare Island
2.3 Methods
The method of study conducted is a survey method
to describe the characteristic conditions of the field
facts and systematically record the object of the
research. Data collection was also carried out based
on information and explanations from respondents
found in the field.
2.3.1 Data Collection Technique. 
Field observations were carried out to obtain data on
the intact condition of the objects to be examined
using observation tools or checklists. Use of
questionnaires in this study, which lists questions
that refer to research indicators. The questionnaire
entry will be given to the respondent, including
information on the socio-economic characteristics of
pottery craftsmen, raw material for earthenware
crafts, capital, and family income of pottery
craftsmen.
In this study also documentation of pictures of
the physical condition of the village and the work
environment of the pottery craft business in
ICTL 2018 - The 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning
76
Maregam Village, in addition to collecting
secondary data such as the map of Maregam Village
and monographic data and sub-district data in the
study area.
2.3.2 Data Analysis Technique. 
The application of multiple linear regression
techniques is carried out to get a large value on the
production factor which is a representation of the
production of earthenware crafts in Maregam
Village. The high and low number of pottery craft
production is determined by the factors of capital,
transportation, and raw materials, which in the
mathematical function are stated as follows:
 



(1)
where, Y = pottery craft output, x
1
= capital factor,
x
2
= transportation factor, and x
3
= raw material
factor.
The form of the linear regression equation is:
Y = b
0
+ b
1
x
1
+ b
2
x
2 +
b
3
x
3
+ e (2)
where, b
0
= constant, and b
1
, b
2
, b
3
= linear
regression coefficient.
The indicator of the income of women pottery
craftsmen is used to illustrate the contribution of the
influence of the pottery craft production to the
income of their families. The composition of family
income is determined by three sources of income,
namely; husband"s income, wife"s income and other
sources of income (Mardiana, 2004).
The contribution of women pottery craftsmen"s
income is calculated using the following equation:

(3)
where, Kp = contribution of pottery craftsmen to
income his family (Rp.), Lt = family income (Rp),
Lf = income of pottery craftsmen (Rp).
To determine the relationship between pottery
craft production power and the contribution of
craftsmen"s income in his family"s income, Product
Moment correlation analysis (Karl Pearson) was
used.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The pottery craft in Desa Maregam is very
dependent on the natural resources that are owned in
the form of typical clay which is only found on Mare
Island. Apart from geographical factors, this village
also has links with natural resources found in Oba
Subdistrict, Central Halmahera Regency. The natural
resource is the abundance of black sand and red soil
which is only available in the area.
One limiting factor for the development of the
pottery craft business in Maregam Village is the
procurement of supporting raw materials which are
only outside Mare Island. This limitation is a
geographical obstacle as an archipelago separated by
sea waters.
The need to support raw materials to increase the
production of pottery crafts in Maregam Village.
Another obstacle is the presence of connecting
transportation that has not reached many of the
surrounding islands.
As the basic raw material for making pottery in
Maregam village is clay, black sand and red soil.
The results of the study with 40 samples illustrate
raw material costs of around 45% or in the amount
of nominal currency, which is between 1,200,000 -
1,500,000 producing pottery products with an
average number of 268 in various types of pottery
crafts. Table 1.
Table 1: Results of interpretation of raw materials from 40 samples of pottery craft makers.
No.
Raw material
(Rp)
Percentage
(%)
Pottery
Products
average
1
400,000 – 700,000
10.0
145
2
800,000 – 1,100,000
32.5
176
3
1,200,000 – 1,500,000
45
268
4
1,600,000 – 1,900,000
0
0
5
2,000,000 – 2,300,000
12.5
235
6
>= 2,400,000
0
0
Relation of Family Income of Pottery Craftsmen to Pottery Production Power in Maregam Village, Tidore Islands City
77
Transportation is an important factor in pottery craft
activities in Maregam Village. Generally
transportation costs are used to bring in
complementary raw materials and sales
transportation from pottery products. For product
sales, they always form groups to work together
starting from 2 or 5 pottery craftsmen to reduce the
transportation costs.
Table 2: The results of the interpretation of transportation needs from 40 samples of pottery craft makers.
No.
Transportation costs
(Rp)
Percentage
(%)
Pottery Products
average
1
1,000,000 – 1,500,000
35.0
174
2
1,600,000 – 2,100,000
15.0
218
3
2,200,000 – 2,700,000
37.5
263
4
2,800,000 – 3,300,000
2.5
80
5
3,400,000 – 3,900,000
7.5
282
6
>= 4,000,000
2.5
250
Needs for transportation costs in pottery craft
activities. Table 2. The amount of transportation
costs around 37.5% with the results of an average
pottery product of 263 pieces and transportation
costs between 1,000,000-1,500,000 as much as 35%
with an average yield of around 174 pieces of
pottery products.
The capital used by pottery craftsmen in
Maregam Village is fixed capital in the form of
equipment and consumable capital to produce
finished products. Capital requirements for pottery
craft activities are around 37.5% or between
3,100,000 - 3,400,000 rupiahs with an average
number of pottery products of 263 with various
types. In addition, the second order of capital used
also tends to be in the range of 1,900,000 -
2,200,000 rupiahs as much as 20% by producing an
average number of 203 pieces of pottery products.
As for around 7.5% for pottery craftsmen or from
2,300,000 - 3,000,000 rupiah can produce the
number of pottery products 212-220 pieces. Table 3.
The use of capital for pottery production needs is
influenced by the amount of capital of more than
three million rupiah and less than two million
rupiah. This, illustrating the use of large capital for
the pottery production process by pottery craftsmen
does not depend only on capital factors.
Table 3: The results of the interpretation of the use of production capital in 40 samples of pottery craftsmen.
No.
Percentage
(%)
Pottery Products
average
1
17.5
131
2
20.0
203
3
7.5
212
4
7.5
220
5
37.5
263
6
10.0
274
The influence of production capital, marketing
transportation and raw materials was obtained by
around 28% of the number of pottery craft products
in Maregam Village. The pottery productivity can be
shown by the regression equation as follows:
Y = 17,387 X
1
-4,639 X
2
-9,616 X
3
- 8,975
with R
2
= 0,279
where, X
1
= Capital; X
2
= Transportation; X
3
= Raw
material.
Simultaneously, the business capital needs of
pottery, transportation and raw materials can affect
the pottery production capacity of only about 28%.
The contribution of these three production factors is
low and there are still other supporting factors that
can affect the productivity of pottery supply in the
village of Maregam.
ICTL 2018 - The 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning
78
In pottery craft, some forms of household
appliances are always made by pottery craftsmen in
Maregam Village. Gerabah has an important role in
preserving the traditional Maluku symbols. Forno is
a tool for making or baking sago. Forno is a symbol
of the food security tradition in North Maluku. Bura-
Bura is a tool for cooking culinary Maluku Utara
such as Apam cake from Ternate, Lapis Tidore and
Sanana. In addition, Hito and his colleagues became
two tools used during the tahlilan process of praying
for those who had died. Spoon pot is used to burn
charcoal and Hito is used to place charcoal that has
been burned with incense.
The development of pottery crafts in Maregam
village is a legacy of local cultural wisdom, and in
this study the preservation of the heritage of local
wisdom is generally passed on to women or wives as
craftsmen. The types of pottery craft products
produced are also the main domestic goods for the
North Maluku community and the manufacturing
process is done manually and through certain rituals
by the Maregam community. The existence of the
role of women in income sustainability in the family
is central and illustrates the income conditions of the
families of the people in Maregam village.
The role of pottery craftsmen in Maregam
Village is reflected in the income matrix of women
or wife craftsmen, which is based on a sample of 40
craftsmen. Table 4.
The distribution of income from the type of work
of the craftsmen is obtained by the amount of 42.5%
having an average net income of 3,471,000 rupiahs
and around 2.5% having income above 4,400,000
rupiah. This condition illustrates the socio-economic
conditions in the village of Maregam that the
contribution of a wife's income to family life is very
significant compared to the income from a man's or
her husband's work. Based on this, the pottery craft
activities turned out to be the main type of activity in
Maregam Village.
Table 4: The results of the interpretation of the income of pottery craftsmen in Maregam Village.
No.
Income of Pottery Craftsmen
(Rp)
Percentage
(%)
Average
income
1
2,000,000 – 2,500,000
17.5
2,185,000
2
2,600,000 – 3,100,000
27.5
2,955,000
3
3,200,000 – 3,700,000
42.5
3,471,000
4
3,800,000 – 4,300,000
7.5
4,067,000
5
4,400,000 – 4,900,000
2.5
4,500,000
6
>= 5,000,000
2.5
5,000,000
Most types of work for men in Maregam village
are fishermen and farmers. This is reflected in the
geographical conditions of Maregam village which
is part of an archipelago with hilly morphology and
surrounded by the sea. The land landscape occupied
as a settlement location is only around a narrow
coastline with flat relief. Not all coastlines in
Maregam village can be used as settlement locations
because of geographical barriers.
The type of work for men or husbands mostly
works as fishermen. The sample taken as many as 40
household heads who owned a pottery handicraft
business was 32.5% working as fishermen and 30%
as farmers. Other types of work and tend to be done
by male residents in Maregam Village are 5% of
Civil Servants, 2% of Traders and 5% of Housing
Builders.
The appearance of the landscape in Maregam
village is a geographical condition that is not found
in a wide seasonal agricultural area so that most of
the land that consists only of plants from annual
crops. This condition shows that farming work in the
village only makes it a side job. Crops in the form of
vegetables and annual crops such as nutmeg plants
are only a small portion planted by farmers in
Maregam village because the land area is relatively
narrow and limited. Almost all hilly land is not
managed as a farming location so that it is covered
by shrubs or reeds. In addition, the condition of the
land which tends to be steeply bereft will require the
use of difficult agricultural activities so that the
utilization of the land causes the management of
agriculture to be not optimal. The head of the family
who works as a farmer generally conducts side
activities by helping his wife prepare materials or
materials for pottery making.
Regarding the level of influence of pottery
craftsmen"s income contribution to the pottery craft
production power in Maregam Village there is a
statistical relationship, with a correlation of 0.71
which means that the contribution of craftsmen"s
income in the overall income of his family has a
Relation of Family Income of Pottery Craftsmen to Pottery Production Power in Maregam Village, Tidore Islands City
79
significant influence. Increased pottery production
results tend to have a real impact on the family
welfare of pottery craftsmen.
4 CONCLUSIONS
The conclusion of this reearch are as follows. (1)
Family income in Maregam Village is very
dependent on the production of pottery; (2) Changes
in the level of family welfare of earthenware
craftsmen are directly proportional to the strength of
their pottery craft production.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to thank the Head of Desa
Maregam and the community for allowing research;
The Teaching and Education Faculty, Khairun
University which funds research; Hasmawati as a
discussion partner; La Asari, Wahyuni, Rajunain
who have assisted in field assessment and data
processing.
REFERENCES
Handoko, T.H. 2000. Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Produksi
Operasi. BPFE-Jogjakarta. Yogyakarta.
Mundel, M.E. 1983. Improve Produktivity And
Effectivenes. Prentice hall, United States of
Amerika.
Riyanto, B. 1998. Dasar-dasar Pembelanjaan Perusahaan
Depertemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta.
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