2 LITERATURE REVIEW
The meaning of listening according to (Akhadiah,
1997; Spataro & Bloch, 2018) is a process that
includes the activity of listening to the sounds of
language, identifying, interpreting, and reacting to
the meanings contained in it. While Tyagi (2013)
mention that listening is one of the language
modalities. Of the four language skills it involves
the active involvement of an individual in the sender
and receiving the message. Psychologically, the
process of receiving and responding to oral and/or
non-verbal messages can be avoided centrally.
Listening is one of the skills needed by a
facilitator. Listening is not just to listen something
that "goes left ear out right ear" or vice versa.
Listening is listen to understand what others are
saying with a serious process that cannot be done
only by relying on habits, reflexes or instincts.
(Caspersz, 2015; Tİmuçİn, 2016) stated that hearing
is not the same with listening.
According to Sutari K.Y, Ice, Kartimi, Tiem
(1998), the purpose of listening are: (1) getting facts
(2) analyzing facts (3) evaluating facts (4) getting
inspiration (5) getting entertainment (6) improving
speaking skills. To get the facts, there are many
ways a person can get facts. The first method is to
conduct the experiments, research, read a books,
newspapers, magazines, and so on. The second way
is by listening to the radio, watching television,
discussing, attending seminars, and so on. From the
description above, listening is a medium to get facts
and information.
Listening skills are a form of language skills
receptive. New listening skills are recognized as the
main component in 1970 language learning marked
the emergence of the Total theory Psychological
Response (TPS) by James Asher, The Natural
Approach, and Silent Period. These three theories
state that the activity of listening skills is process
psychomotor to receive sound waves through the
ears and sending them to the brain. The process is a
start of an interactive process when the brain reacts
to impulses impulse to send a number of cognitive
and affective mechanisms different (Hamid;
Hackney; Neps & Practice, 2015).
Strategy is an art of designing process activities
learning. Language learning strategies are teaching
actions implement language teaching plans. While
learning strategies listening skill is the art of
designing process execution actions learning about
the ability to inform their understanding again
through speaking and writing skills (Spataro &
Bloch, 2018; Artyushina & Sheypak, 2011;
Tİmuçİn, 2016).
Listening skills are one of the speaking skills that
is important and has been obtained by a child even
since in the mother's womb. According to Akhadiah
(1988) listening covers hear and listen. Listening
activities begin with listening activities and ending
with understanding what is he watched. So listening
is more than just hearing a word discussion, but
includes listening carefully to fully understand the
receptive of material he is listening to.
Listening skills are one form receptive language
skills, which means not just listen to the sounds of
language but at the same time understand it
(Iskandarwasid and Sunendar, 2008; Schmidt, 2009)
Can be distinguished two aspects of the purpose of
listening, namely perception and resistive.
Perception is a cognitive characteristic of the
listening process based on understanding knowledge
of linguistic principles. Effective is the
understanding of the message or the interpretation of
the desired message speaker. (p.230). Listening
skills are one skill main language. According to
some opinions said that listening as a process of
language interpreted into the mind. In other words
listening or listening is a type listen and listen that
asks for mental awareness efforts (p. 235). The
purpose of listening learning are divided into two
parts, a) general listening and b) critical listening. (p.
118).
2.1 General Listening
1. Remembering the important details precisely
about special science of knowledge
2. Given simple sequences or words and ideas.
3. Following oral directions.
4. Paraphrasing an oral message as an
understanding through translation.
5. Follow a sequence of (a) plot development, (b)
development character / storyteller, and (c)
speaker argument.
6. Understanding the denotative meaning of
words.
7. Understanding the connotative meaning of
words.
8. Understand the meaning of words through the
context of conversation (understanding through
translation and interpretation).
9. Listen to record important details
10. Refresh to record the main idea.
11. Answer and formulate questions
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