Prototype of Temperature, Humidity and Soil PH Measurement as a

Analysis Tool Soil Resistance in Grounding System

Sri Sukamta, Said Sunardiyo and Fitri Ambarwati

Electrical Engineering, Semarang State University, Indonesia

Keywords: Grounding Systems, Soil Resistance, Soil Temperature, Soil Humidity, Soil PH.

Abstract: One of the requirements of grounding system is having a small soil resistance value. Factors affect the soil

resistance are temperature, humidity and soil pH levels. There has been no integrated instrument of

temperature, humidity and soil pH. It must use three instruments to determining the amount of temperature,

humidity and soil pH. Based on the background, main problem in this research is how performance measuring

instrument temperature, humidity and soil pH?. The research method use Research and Development. In this

research is only test the feasibility and performance of a measuring instrument temperature , humidity and

soil pH without looking at the depth statistical aspects. The results showed that the accuracy of this measuring

instrument is accurate and feasible to use with an average 0.5% error percentage. The results showed that the

effect of temperature on the resistance of soil type showed to be directly proportional, for the humidity is

inversely to the soil type resistance where every soil moisture increase there is a decrease of the soil type

resistance value and the soil pH level is proportional to the type resistance where each pH value decrease the

resistance value also decreased.

1 INTRODUCTION

The requirements of a good grounding system are

to have a small grounding resistance value. It serves

to avoid the dangers posed by the presence of ground

faults, but in practice it is not easy to get a small

grounding resistance value because of the many

factors that influence it, one of which is the value of

the soil resistance. Soil resistance (ρ) is a

representation of soil material properties, water

content factors, temperature, humidity and soil pH.

These magnitudes affect the resistance of the

grounding system directly, if this value is too small to

pass large disturbance currents, the metal

composition of the parts connected to the ground will

be dangerous to touch and a dangerous voltage

gradient will arise on its surface. The price of soil type

resistance at a certain depth depends on several

factors including soil temperature, soil moisture and

soil pH.

The current problem is that there is no tool seen

from the aspect of temperature, humidity and soil pH

as a tool for analyzing soil type resistance. People

often use soil thermometers as a measure of soil

temperature, soil tester to measure soil moisture and

pH meter to measure soil pH levels. The use of

measuring instruments that are less practical because

they have to use three measuring instruments in

determining the amount of temperature, humidity and

soil pH, is the reason for making this prototype.

Therefore, prototypes of soil temperature,

humidity and pH measuring instruments using K type

thermocouples as a temperature sensor, YL-69 sensor

as a humidity sensor and ETP 306 electrode as a pH

sensor based on the Atmega328 microcontroller are

used. This prototype is expected to help analyze the

influence of soil temperature, humidity and pH levels

on soil type prisoners.

2 METHOD

The research method used in this study is Research and

Development (R & D). Research and Development research

methods or often abbreviated as R & D is a research method

used to research, design, produce, and test the validity of

products that have been produced. In methodology,

development research has four difficulties: research without

testing (not making and not testing products), testing

without researching (testing the validity of existing

products), researching and testing efforts to develop

370

Sukamta, S., Sunardiyo, S. and Ambarwati, F.

Prototype of Temperature, Humidity and Soil PH Measurement as a Analysis Tool Soil Resistance in Grounding System.

DOI: 10.5220/0009011503700374

In Proceedings of the 7th Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and Application on Green Technology (EIC 2018), pages 370-374

ISBN: 978-989-758-411-4

existing products, researching and testing in creating

products new.

The product produced through this research is a

prototype for measuring temperature, humidity and soil pH

as a tool for analyzing soil type resistance. With the

prototype it is expected to measure the temperature,

humidity and pH of the soil whose measurement results can

be used in analyzing soil type prisoners.

2.1 The Collection of Data and

Information

The collection of data and information in this

study uses measurement methods using the

measuring instruments produced. The instrument in

this study was to use data collection instruments

including data on soil resistance values, soil type

resistance, soil temperature, soil moisture and soil

pH. The data obtained are then analyzed to determine

the effect on soil type prisoners.

2.2 Design of Prototype

the design of prototypes for measuring temperature,

humidity and soil pH using a 9 volt voltage source,

Atmega328 Arduino Uno microcontroller,

thermocouple K temperature sensor, YL-69 humidity

sensor and pH electrode ETP-306. In general, the

block diagram of the prototype of the temperature,

humidity and pH of the soil can be seen in Figure 1:

Figure 1: Block diagram of a prototype.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Tool Result

After going through according to the steps that are

in accordance with the RnD research method, the

final results are prototypes of soil temperature,

humidity and pH measuring instruments as a tool in

analyzing the influence of the three variables on soil

type resistance. Figure 2 shows the process of

measuring temperature, humidity and soil pH.

Figure 2: Measuring temperature, humidity and soil pH.

3.2 Tool Testing Results

Tools are tested so that errors do not occur and

function properly. The test was carried out after all

the tool manufacturing process was carried out, the

testing was carried out in stages to find faults and

work shortages in the tool in this study carried out

three tests namely testing the temperature sensor,

humidity sensor and soil pH sensor.

3.2.1 Temperature Sensor Testing

This test is done to ascertain whether the type K

Thermocouple sensor can function properly. The K

type Thermocouple sensor functions as a sensor to

measure soil temperature. Test data of soil

temperature measurement tools in the form of

measurement comparison data using Thermocouple

type K sensor with standard tools namely iTuin.

Data from the test results of type K Thermocouple

sensor with calibrator is illustrated in Table 1:

Table 1: Measurement of temperature sensors.

No. Thermocouple

K (°C)

iTuin

(°C)

Difference Percentage of

Error (%)

1. 18,3 18 0,3 1,67

2. 20,6 20 0,6 3,00

3. 22,5 22 0,5 2,27

4. 25 25 0 0,00

27,9 28 -0,1 -0,36

31,1 31 0,1 0,32

35,4 36 -0,6 -1,67

45,8 46 -0,2 -0,43

48 48 0 0,00

10.

51 51 0 0,00

Average

32,56 32,5 0,06 0,18

Std.

Deviasi

11,97 12,17 0,25 1,41

Prototype of Temperature, Humidity and Soil PH Measurement as a Analysis Tool Soil Resistance in Grounding System

371

Measurements were made ten times at various

points on the land in the Ungaran area. The average

value of the soil temperature obtained using the iTuin

tool is 32.5 while using the research prototype is

32.56 the difference in value is 0.06 and the average

error is 0.18%.

3.2.2 Humidity Sensor Testing

Soil sensor testing moisture YL-69 to ensure the

sensor can work properly. Soil moisture YL-69

functions as a sensor for measuring soil moisture.

Test data of soil moisture measurement tool in the

form of measurement comparison data using soil

moisture sensor YL-69 with a standard tool that is

ETP-306.

Table 2: Measurement of humidity sensors.

Table 2 shows the measurement of humidity

sensors. The average value of soil moisture obtained

using the soil tester ETP-306 is 17.77 while using the

research prototype is 17.68 the difference in value is

-0.09 and the average error is -0.51%.

3.2.3 Soil pH Sensor Testing

Testing the soil pH sensor using an electrode from

the pH meter ETP-306 to make sure the sensor works

properly. PH meter electrode ETP-306 functions as a

sensor to measure soil pH. Data testing of soil pH

measurement tools in the form of measurement

comparison data using electrode pH meter ETP-306

with standard tools, namely iTuin. Data from the test

results of the pH meter ETP-306 electrode with the

calibrator are described in Table 3:

Table 3: Measurement of soil ph sensors.

Measurements were made ten times at various

points on the land in the Ungaran area. The average

value of soil pH obtained using the iTuin tool is 4.75

while using the research prototype is 4.73 the

difference in value is -0.02 and the average error is -

0.04%.

3.2.4 Testing the Effect of Soil Temperature,

Soil Humidity and Soil pH on

Prisoners of Soil Resistance

Based on the results of the tests that have been

carried out on a piece of clay in the area of East

Ungaran, it can be concluded that each variable

(temperature, humidity and soil pH) has a different

soil resistance value. Table 4 below shows the value

of soil type resistance based on soil temperature,

humidity and pH.

No. Sensor YL-69

(%)

ETP-

306 (%)

Differen

Percentage of

Error (%)

1. 7 7,2 -0,2 -2,78

2. 9,4 10 -0,6 -6,00

3. 12,2 11,7 0,5 4,27

4. 15,6 15,7 -0,1 -0,64

18,1 18 0,1 0,56

18,9 18,9 0 0,00

21 21,3 -0,3 -1,41

22,7 23,1 -0,4 -1,73

25,6 25,6 0 0,00

10.

26,3 26,2 0,1 0,38

Average

17,68 17,77 -0,09 -0,51

Std.

Deviasi

6,60 6,56 0,31 2,63

No. ETP-306

Sensor

iTuin Difference Percentage of

Error (%)

1. 3,1 3 0,1 3,33

2. 3,2 3 0,2 6,67

3. 3,7 4 -0,3 -7,50

4. 4,1 4 0,1 2,50

4,4 4,5 -0,1 -2,22

4,8 5 -0,2 -4,00

5,2 5 0,2 4,00

5,9 6 -0,1 -1,67

6,3 6,5 -0,2 -3,08

10.

6,6 6,5 0,1 1,54

Average

4,73 4,75 -0,02 -0,04

Std.

Deviasi

1,25 1,30 0,18 4,34

EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and

Application on Green Technology

372

Table 4: Data measurement of soil resistance each variables (temperature, humidity and ph).

No. Temperature

(T)

Soil

Resistance

(ߩ

்

)

Humidity (K) Soil

Resistance

(ߩ

௄

)

Soil pH (pH) Soil

Resistance

(ߩ

௣ு

)

1. 26°C 322.477 Ωm 25% 743.157 Ωm 5.82 51.491 Ωm

2. 23°C 216.025 Ωm 50% 667.884 Ωm 5.33 26.898 Ωm

3. 20°C 135.658 Ωm 70% 593.746 Ωm 4.82 13.978 Ωm

4. 18°C 77.639 Ωm 100% 409.637 Ωm 4.27 8.616 Ωm

Average

21.75°C 187.95 Ωm 61.25% 603.61 Ωm 5.06 25.25 Ωm

Based on the table above, you can illustrate the

graph of the resistivity values of the soil types of each

variable (temperature, humidity and pH) in Figure 3:

Figure 3: Graph of soil resistance according to temperature,

humidity and soil pH.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of the prototype of the

temperature, humidity and soil pH measuring

instrument as a tool to analyze the resistance of soil

types in the grounding system, it can be concluded as

follows: 1.) The effect of temperature on soil type

resistance is proportional where any decrease in

temperature decreases the value of soil type with

value the highest type of resistance is 322.477Ωm at

a temperature of 26 ° C and the lowest resistance

value is 77.639Ωm at a temperature of 18 ° C. 2.) The

effect of humidity on the resistance of soil type is

inversely proportional where every increase in

humidity there is a decrease in the value of soil

resistance with the highest soil type resistance

743,157Ωm at 25% humidity and the lowest

resistance value 409,637Ωm at 100% humidity. 3.)

The effect of soil pH on soil type resistance is directly

proportional to any decrease in soil pH there is also a

decrease in soil resistivity value, with the highest soil

type resistance value of 51,491Ωm at pH 5.82 and the

lowest soil resistance value of 8,616Ωm at pH 4.27.

4.) The prototype of soil temperature, humidity and

pH measuring instruments can work well and is

suitable for use because each sensor only has an error

percentage of less than 1%.

After conducting research, there needs to be

further development for prototypes of soil

temperature, humidity and pH measuring

instruments, so the authors suggest the following: 1.)

In selecting sensors, the level of accuracy in reading

data must be considered so that when applied in an

error value tool produced is not too large. 2.) The

prototype made is expected to be further developed

with more integration of functions.

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Application on Green Technology

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