The Relationship between Self-efficacy and Entrepreneurship

Learning Achievement with Entrepreneurial Interest of the

Eleventh-grade Students of Accounting Major of the Academic Year

2018/2019 at SMK Teladan Pematang Siantar

Prima Lestari Situmorang

, Febrina Katarina Siregar

, Desi Hikmah Sitompul

and Wira Firka

Hutasoit

Postgraduate Student Education of Economy,

Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan –Indonesia

Keywords: Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurship Learning Achievement, Entrepreneurial Interest

Abstract: This study aims to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurship learning

achievement with entrepreneurial interest. This research was conducted in Grade XI of Accounting major at

SMK Teladan Pematang Siantar. The population is all eleventh-grade students of Accounting major at SMK

Teladan Pematang Siantar. The sample was selected by purposive sampling as many as 42 people. The

research data was collected using questionnaires, observations, and documentation data on the collection of

the scoring sheet to discern students' entrepreneurship learning achievements. The collected research data

were analyzed using Correlation Statistics test the Product Moment and multiple regression analysis. The

result of data analysis shows that the results of the calculation of multiple correlation tests obtained rcount

at 0.872 and rtable at 0.294, so rcount > r or 0.872> 0.294. So, it can be concluded that there is a positive

and significant relationship between self-efficacy (X1) and Entrepreneurship Learning Achievement with

Entrepreneurial Interest (Y) of eleventh-grade students of Accounting major at SMK Teladan Pematang

Siantar. Moreover, information is obtained that students’ self-efficacy is very high, and Entrepreneurship

Learning Achievement is high.

1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, the era develops so rapidly, and

globalization occurs where there seems no

restriction among countries. It is followed by the

rapid growth of an industry. Also, this development

era is followed by a high population. Basically,

however, the growth rate of the population was not

followed by the availability of adequate jobs. This

gap caused a high number of unemployment.

Obviously, this has become a serious problem that

must be handled quickly by each country.

Entrepreneurship is one of the ways to resolve

the unemployment problem as entrepreneurship can

create jobs, absorb labor. Also, entrepreneurship

raises up an opportunity to earn more income than

other jobs.

Vocational High School (in Bahasa abbreviated

SMK) as the national education system has

considerable opportunities to prepare independent

experts. Vocational High School as one of the

educational institutions aims to prepare students to

have a soul, spirit and professional attitude, to be

able to work independently, to fill the available job

vacancies as middle-level workers in accordance

with the chosen competency skills and self-

confidence or self-efficacy.

Self-efficacy has an important role in setting

one's motivation. A person who believes in his

ability has a high motivation and strives for success.

An entrepreneur who has positive self-efficacy will

create a new business. High self-efficacy will

provide initiative and perseverance to improve the

business and performance of an entrepreneur. In

relation to this research, vocational high school

students who have high self-efficacy will be

motivated to entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship subjects are taught not only

theory but the emphasis on the importance of

152

Situmorang, P., Siregar, F., Sitompul, D. and Hutasoit, W.

The Relationship between Self-efﬁcacy and Entrepreneurship Learning Achievement with Entrepreneurial Interest of the Eleventh-grade Students of Accounting Major of the Academic Year

2018/2019 at SMK.

DOI: 10.5220/0009497501520156

In Proceedings of the 1st Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science (UNICEES 2018), pages 152-156

ISBN: 978-989-758-432-9

forming students’ self-confidence so that they have

an interest in entrepreneurship as capital for students

in running an independent business. These goals can

be achieved by providing an insight into the

entrepreneurship subject and activities that can

develop the entrepreneurial spirit of students. The

teacher has an important role to motivate students to

undertake entrepreneurial opportunities. Students’

motivation can be formed with knowledge about

entrepreneurship.

The results of observations on learning

achievement conducted by the researchers in Private

Vocational Schools that from a sample of 42

students showed that there were 3 students who

scored <75 and presentation 7.14% categorized as

unsatisfactory; there were 18 students who scored

between 75-83 with presentations 42.85% and

categorized quite satisfactory; there were 15 students

with grades between 84-91 with a percentage of

35.71% and categorized as satisfying; there were 6

students with grades between 92-100 and with a

percentage of 14.28% categorized very satisfactorily

Based on the value of student learning

achievement above, it can be concluded that

basically, the average ability of students in

mastering entrepreneurial material is good.

However, in reality, the students' achievement

obtained is not followed by the willingness of

students to entrepreneurship. The information about

entrepreneurship received by students does not

indicate the high interest of students in undertaking

entrepreneurship. By studying entrepreneurship

subject, however, it is expected to increase

entrepreneurial interest in students. This

entrepreneurial knowledge should be a factor that

can motivate students to involve directly to

entrepreneurship, so that knowledge about

entrepreneurship is not merely a theory, but it can

build self-confidence in students to be able to

undertake entrepreneurial opportunities.

According to the observation questionnaire on

entrepreneurship interest of 42 students, there were

15 students with a percentage of 35.71% stating that

they had no interest in becoming an entrepreneur. A

total of 10 students with a percentage of 23.80% said

they were less interested to become an entrepreneur

and wanted to become employees. While a total of 8

students with a percentage of 19.04% were hesitant

to become temporary entrepreneurs, and as many as

9 students with a percentage of 21.42% said they

were very interested to become an entrepreneur.

In accordance with the results of the observations

above, it can be concluded that the eleventh-grade

students of Accounting class at SMK Teladan

Pematang Siantar still have a low interest to become

an entrepreneur even though they have gained

knowledge about entrepreneurship. This is caused by

a lack of confidence, fear of taking risks and failure,

insensitivity in taking the opportunity. In addition,

the students did not have an accurate idea and type

of entrepreneurship that is appropriate with

vocational high students. Otherwise, if they have

desires, there are many types of entrepreneurship

that they can undertake. Especially, in this era of

fast-paced technology, this is actually not a problem

if they have positive self-efficacy in establishing

interest in entrepreneurship. Based on the

description of the background above, the authors had

interest in conducting a study entitled "The

Relationships between Self-Efficacy and

Entrepreneurship Learning Achievement with

Entrepreneurial Interest of the Eleventh-grade

Students of Accounting Major of the Academic Year

2018/2019 at SMK Teladan Pematang Siantar ".

2 THEORICAL STUDY

According to Bandura (2006), self-efficacy is

people’s belief in their capability in performing a

task or action to achieve certain results. Basically,

self-efficacy is the result of cognitive processes in

the form of decisions, beliefs or rewards about the

what extent individuals can estimate their abilities in

carrying out certain tasks or actions needed to

achieve the desired results. In the grade dictionary of

Indonesian language (KBBI), the word efficacy

means efficacy or effectiveness. So literally, self-

efficacy can be interpreted as self-effectiveness.

Meanwhile, according to Fitriana, et al, self-

efficacy is people’s belief to coordinate their ability

that can be manifested by a series of actions to meet

the demands of their own lives.

Based on several concepts that have been stated

by experts, it can be concluded that self-efficacy is

confidence or belief in individual’s ability to

motivate themselves when completing tasks, taking

actions, facing obstacles, and achieving goals in life.

In everyday life, self-efficacy leads us to

determine goals that challenge and survive to face

difficulties. More than one hundred studies showed

that self-efficacy predicts workers’ productivity.

When problems arise, a strong feeling of self-

efficacy encourages workers to remain calm and find

solutions rather than reflecting on their inability.

Thus, efforts and persistence can produce

achievements.

According to Bandura (2006), the factors that

affect self-efficacy are an active achievement as a

source of the establishment of one's efficacy in

carrying out a task. An indirect experience related to

a simple principle if someone else can do it as well

as me. Observers can view the ways and skills of the

The Relationship between Self-efﬁcacy and Entrepreneurship Learning Achievement with Entrepreneurial Interest of the Eleventh-grade

Students of Accounting Major of the Academic Year 2018/2019 at SMK

153

person that they are observing. A verbal Persuasion

can convince someone about their abilities, so it can

possibly enable them to increase their efforts to

achieve what they have planned. Physiological

circumstances are to assess his abilities so that they

will tend to have hopes of success in carrying out

larger tasks.

While Bandura stated that the difference in self-

efficacy in each individual lies in three components,

namely: magnitude (the level task of difficulty),

strength (strength beliefs), and generality

2.1 Learning Achievement

According to Tohirin (2011: 151), learning

achievement is something that has been achieved by

students after learning. Meanwhile, according to

Hamdani (2011: 138), learning achievement is a

measurement result of the assessment of learning

effort expressed in the form of symbols, letters, and

sentences that explain the results achieved by each

child in a certain period. Syah (2010: 141) states that

a learning achievement is a measuring tool that is

widely used to determine the success rates of a

teaching program.

Basically, learning achievement is influenced by

factors that are categorized into two parts, namely

factors from inside factor (Intern) and external factor

(Ekstern). Internal Factors (Intern) include

intelligence and physiological factors that adequate

attitudes, interests, talents, and motivations from

someone’s inside. External factors consist of two

types, namely a family environment and school and

community environment.

2.2 Entrepreneurial Interest

Interest arises from the recognition of the

environment or interaction and learning with their

environment. If someone has an interest in

something, they will be a potential to a related

person to succeed in that field because interest will

produce extraordinary energy to fight to get what he

is interested in.

According to Slameto (2003: 180), interest is a

sense of preference and attachment to a thing or

activity, without anyone requesting. Basically,

interest is an acceptance of a relationship between

yourself and something outside yourself. The

stronger or nearer the relationship, the greater the

interest.

Meanwhile, according to Dewanti (2008: 3),

entrepreneurship is the ability to think creatively,

dare to take risks, and have innovative behavior that

can be used as the basis, resources, propulsion,

goals, tactics, tips, and processes in facing life's

challenges.

In accordance with M. Rafiq (2014),

entrepreneurial interest is the ability of a person to

venture out in fulfilling all the necessities of life and

finding solutions to life's problems by establishing a

business and advancing it with the confidence and

strength that lies in someone’s inside.

Entrepreneurial interest is not inherited since

someone was born, but it grows and develops in

accordance with the will and desire for

entrepreneurship in a person. Entrepreneurial

interest will grow because of the feeling of

entrepreneurship, so that persistence and high

curiosity appear in adhering every entrepreneurial

theory and practice.

Entrepreneurship will make someone to live

independently and not to rely on others. Also, this

will help the government in reducing unemployment

because entrepreneurship means creating jobs for

themselves and others.

3 RESEARCH METHOD

The research method in this journal is quantitative

research. The method and type of this research use

correlational descriptive. The independent variable

of this study is self-efficacy (X1) and learning

achievement (X2); the dependent variable (Y) is the

entrepreneurial interest.

This research was conducted in grade XI of

Accounting class at SMK Teladan Pematang Siantar

that consists of 105 people. Sample selection is

Random Sampling to obtain a sample of 42 people.

Data collection techniques in this study were

using questionnaires to measure students'

entrepreneurial interests, interviews, observation,

and documentation as data sources of student

learning achievement. The questionnaire used in this

study is a closed questionnaire with a Likert scale

model. The questionnaires given to respondents

were 20 questions about self-efficacy and 20

questions about entrepreneurial interests. Each

question was given an alternative answer with a

value index according to Sugiyono (2012: 136)

namely strongly agree for a score of 5, agree for

score 4, doubtful for score 3, disagree for score 2,

and strongly disagree for score 1.

This study used descriptive analysis techniques

and correlational analysis. Descriptive analysis is

used to obtain an overview of the self-efficacy level,

the entrepreneurship learning achievement, and the

entrepreneurial interest. Multiple linear regression in

this study is to find the relationship between self-

efficacy and learning achievement as an independent

variable with entrepreneurial interest as a dependent

variable.

UNICEES 2018 - Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science

154

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

The description results of the frequency distribution

table of self-efficacy questionnaire answers

concluded that the Self-Efficiency of the eleventh-

grade students of Accounting class at SMK Teladan

Pematang Siantar is relatively good with an overall

average of 4.16.

From a sample of 42 students showed that there

were 3 students with scores <75 and a percentage of

7.14% categorized as unsatisfactory; 18 students

with scores between 75-83 with percentage 42.85%

and categorized as quite satisfying; 15 students with

scores between 84-91 with a percentage of 35.71%

and categorized as satisfying; 6 students with a value

between 92-100 and with a percentage of 14.28%

categorized with very satisfying

Data analysis used Product Moment analysis

technique shows that there is a relationship or direct

correlation between the variables of Self-efficacy

(X1) with the variable of Entrepreneurial Interest

(Y) where the Pearson Correlation value obtained is

0.847> 0.294 or rx1y> rtable, and the sig value.

0,000 is less than 0.05. If this score is interpreted, it

means that both have a very high correlation

category.

There is a relationship or direct correlation

between the variables of Entrepreneurship Learning

Achievement and Entrepreneurial Interest (Y) where

the Pearson correlation obtained is 0.768> 0.294 or

rx1y> rtable, and the sig value. 0,000 is less than

0.05. If this score is interpreted, it means that both

have a high correlation category.

In accordance with the analysis above, it shows

that the relationship between the variables of self-

efficacy and Entrepreneurial Interest is higher than

the relationship between the variables of

Entrepreneurial Learning Achievement and

Entrepreneurial Interest.

To discover the relationship between self-

efficacy and Entrepreneurship Learning

Achievement together with Entrepreneurial Interest

the eleventh-grade students of Accounting class at

SMK Teladan Pematang Siantar, the calculation was

conducted using the multiple correlation formula

and shown in the table below.

Table 1: Calculation of Multiple Correlations

Between Self Efficacy and Learning Achievement

Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Interest

Model R R Square

Adjusted R

Square

Std. Error

of the

Estimate

.872

,760 ,748 3,831

a. Predictors: (Constant), X2, X1

b. Dependent Variable: Y

The table above shows that there is a relationship

or direct correlation between the variables of self-

efficacy (X1) and Entrepreneurship learning

achievement (X2) with Entrepreneurial Interest (Y)

where rcount > rtable or 0.872> 0.294. If this score

is interpreted, it means that both have a very high

correlation category.

To discover how much the variables of self-

efficacy and entrepreneurial learning achievement

can explain Entrepreneurial Interest, it can be

analyzed based on the coefficient of R^2. The

determination results of the test are as follows:

Table 2: Determination Coefficient R^2

Model Summary

Model R R Square

Adjusted R

Square

Std. Error of

the Estimate

.872

.760 .748 3.831

a. Predictors: (Constant), X2, X1

b. Dependent Variable: Y

The table above shows that the R square value at

0.748. This shows the percentage of independent

variables namely self-efficacy and entrepreneurship

learning achievement can increase the level of

students’ entrepreneurial interest at 0.748 (0.748) or

74.8% while 25.2% is influenced by other variables

beyond the research variable.

From the results of research and data processing,

it is discovered that self-efficacy (X1) has a positive

and significant relationship with the entrepreneurial

interest of the eleventh-grade students of Accounting

major of the Academic Year 2018/2019 at SMK

Teladan Pematang Siantar. Based on the correlation

coefficient test obtained rcount > rtable or 0.847>

0.294. So, the first hypothesis is accepted with the

average of variable questionnaire value of 3.17 with

a good category, so that the higher the student's self-

efficacy, the higher the level of students’

entrepreneurial interest.

While the results of data processing achievement

Learning entrepreneurship (X2) with Entrepreneurial

Interest is explained to have a positive and

significant relationship. According to the correlation

coefficient test where obtained rcount > rtable or

0.768> 0.294, then the second hypothesis is accepted

with an average value of 2.97 with a good category,

so that the higher the level of students’

The Relationship between Self-efﬁcacy and Entrepreneurship Learning Achievement with Entrepreneurial Interest of the Eleventh-grade

Students of Accounting Major of the Academic Year 2018/2019 at SMK

155

entrepreneurship learning achievement, the higher

the students’ learning achievement.

Furthermore, from the results of research and

data processing, the percentage of the contribution

of the independent variables are self-efficacy and

Entrepreneurship learning achievement with the

dependent variable entrepreneurial interest by 0, 748

(74.8%). So the independent variables in this study,

self-efficacy and entrepreneurial learning

achievement, have a contribution of 74.8% to the

dependent variable, and the remaining 25.2% is

influenced by other variables outside this study.

From the results of the calculation of the multiple

correlation test obtained rcount at 0.872 and rtable

at 0.294 or rcount>r or 0.872> 0.294. So, it can be

concluded that there is a positive and significant

relationship between self-efficacy and Learning

Achievement Entrepreneurship with Entrepreneurial

Interest of the eleventh-grade students of

Accounting major at SMK Teladan Pematang

Siantar. So, the third hypothesis is accepted.

5 CONCLUSIONS

According to the results of the above research, it is

discovered that self-efficacy and Entrepreneurship

Learning Achievement have a great relationship

with the high and low Entrepreneurial Interest

entrepreneurship of the eleventh-grade students of

Accounting major of the academic year 2018/2019

at SMK Teladan Pematang Siantar

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